IMPACTS OF THE FARM FINANCIAL CRISIS: RESULTS OF THE 1989 REGIONAL FARM SURVEY FOR MINNESOTA

Agricultural Finance,

North Carolina Adopts the Inevitable Discovery Exception to the Exclusionary Rule - State v. Garner

This Note will analyze the reasoning of the majority and concurring opinions in Garner, as well as Garner\u27s relationship to prior North Carolina exclusionary rule cases. The author contends that the majority opinion is inconsistent with those prior cases and faults the majority for adopting an unacceptably lenient standard of proof as to inevitability, and for failing to delineate the parameters of the exception. The Note concludes that the concurrence more accurately reflects the court\u27s past respect for the importance of the exclusionary rule in protecting individual privacy rights

Markers of cognitive function in individuals with metabolic disease: Morquio Syndrome and Tyrosinemia Type III

We characterized cognitive function in two metabolic diseases. MPS–IVa (mucopolysaccharidosis IVa, Morquio) and tyrosinemia type III individuals were assessed using tasks of attention, language and oculomotor function. MPS–IVa individuals were slower in visual search, but the display size effects were normal, and slowing was not due to long reaction times (ruling out slow item processing or distraction). Maintaining gaze in an oculomotor task was difficult. Results implicated sustained attention and task initiation or response processing. Shifting attention, accumulating evidence and selecting targets were unaffected. Visual search was also slowed in tyrosinemia type III, and patterns in visual search and fixation tasks pointed to sustained attention impairments, although there were differences from MPS–IVa. Language was impaired in tyrosinemia type III but not MPS–IVa. Metabolic diseases produced selective cognitive effects. Our results, incorporating new methods for developmental data and model selection, illustrate how cognitive data can contribute to understanding function in biochemical brain systems

MODELING ANIMAL AND FORAGE RESPONSE TO FERTILIZATION OF ANNUAL RANGELANDS

The response functions for forage, animal gain, and stocking rate were estimated from data obtained in a three-year fertilization experiment on California annual range. Degree-days; the interactions between degree-days and nitrogen, between degree-days and phosphorus-sulphur, and between nitrogen and phosphorus-sulphur; and the lagged forage variable were significant in explaining the variations in forage growth, animal gain, and stocking rate. The impact of PS was more important in interaction with DD or N than by itself. The correct impact of moisture was not found due to misspecification of the variable in the model. The models for the first year and the three years combined were well behaved; however, the models for the last two years combined neither explained adequately nor behaved well.Livestock Production/Industries,

Rapidly rotating plane layer convection with zonal flow

The onset of convection in a rapidly rotating layer in which a thermal wind is present is studied. Diffusive effects are included. The main motivation is from convection in planetary interiors, where thermal winds are expected due to temperature variations on the core-mantle boundary. The system admits both convective instability and baroclinic instability. We find a smooth transition between the two types of modes, and investigate where the transition region between the two types of instability occurs in parameter space. The thermal wind helps to destabilise the convective modes. Baroclinic instability can occur when the applied vertical temperature gradient is stable, and the critical Rayleigh number is then negative. Long wavelength modes are the first to become unstable. Asymptotic analysis is possible for the transition region and also for long wavelength instabilities, and the results agree well with our numerical solutions. We also investigate how the instabilities in this system relate to the classical baroclinic instability in the Eady problem. We conclude by noting that baroclinic instabilities in the Earth's core arising from heterogeneity in the lower mantle could possibly drive a dynamo even if the Earth's core were stably stratified and so not convecting.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure

Light attenuation characteristics of glacially-fed lakes

Transparency is a fundamental characteristic of aquatic ecosystems and is highly responsive to changes in climate and land use. The transparency of glacially-fed lakes may be a particularly sensitive sentinel characteristic of these changes. However, little is known about the relative contributions of glacial flour versus other factors affecting light attenuation in these lakes. We sampled 18 glacially-fed lakes in Chile, New Zealand, and the U.S. and Canadian Rocky Mountains to characterize how dissolved absorption, algal biomass (approximated by chlorophyll a), water, and glacial flour contributed to attenuation of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm). Variation in attenuation across lakes was related to turbidity, which we used as a proxy for the concentration of glacial flour. Turbidity-specific diffuse attenuation coefficients increased with decreasing wavelength and distance from glaciers. Regional differences in turbidity-specific diffuse attenuation coefficients were observed in short UVR wavelengths (305 and 320 nm) but not at longer UVR wavelengths (380 nm) or PAR. Dissolved absorption coefficients, which are closely correlated with diffuse attenuation coefficients in most non-glacially-fed lakes, represented only about one quarter of diffuse attenuation coefficients in study lakes here, whereas glacial flour contributed about two thirds across UVR and PAR. Understanding the optical characteristics of substances that regulate light attenuation in glacially-fed lakes will help elucidate the signals that these systems provide of broader environmental changes and forecast the effects of climate change on these aquatic ecosystems

Lake Sammamish boat launch and parking improvement project

The Final Lake Sammamish State Park Boat Launch Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) analyzes a range of alternatives and management actions for the proposed improvements to several piers at the Lake Sammamish State Park boat launch. This EIS assesses the impacts that could result from continuation of current management (the no-action alternative) or the implementation of any of two other action alternatives. Through this analysis the proposed alternative to replace the six piers at the Lake Sammamish Boat launch has been identified as the preferred alternative for this EIS. The general project location is at 4460 East Lake Sammamish Parkway in King County, Washington north of the city of Issaquah. The project area lies at the northeastern tip of Lake Sammamish State Park and is boarded on both sides by undeveloped shoreline. To the north of the project area Laughing Jacobs Creek and several other small tributaries flow into the lake. Deciduous shrubs and trees cover the shoreline within the immediate area, however within a quarter mile to the north of the boat launch there is residential development. To the south, the shoreline is densely vegetated with deciduous shrubs and trees. This southern area is part of a large wetland and natural area within the state park and shares a boundary with the existing boat launch action area. The piers at the Lake Sammamish State Park boat launch have exceeded their useful life. Currently the six piers are old and deteriorating due to several main factors. During the summer months the piers receive consistent and heavy use by recreational boaters as currently the park is the most heavily used State Park in Washington. Secondly, the piers are fixed to six creosote treated wood pilings which do not allow for the piers to float. Due to the inability to float, the piers become submerged during winter months when lake levels reach their highest water levels. In addition, the connections between entrance ramps and piers have loosened over time. This has allowed for piers to change in position each winter. The goal of the project is to replace the six deteriorating piers with new floating docks. This would be to improve year round use of the boat launch, improve safety of those using the docks and improve conditions for wildlife using both the near shore habitat and that on shore

Classifying Livestock Grazing Behavior with the Use of a Low Cost GPS and Accelerometer

The ability to remotely track livestock through the use of GPS technology has tremendous potential to study livestock use patterns on the landscape. The use of high frequency accelerometers may give researchers and managers the ability to accurately partition GPS points into differing behaviors, giving further insight into livestock grazing selection, pasture use, and changes in forage preference through time. The objectives of this study were to 1) develop a classification algorithm to discriminate between graze and non-graze behaviors using a combination of metrics derived from a high frequency accelerometer motion sensor and a GPS data logger and 2) assess the accuracy of the classification algorithm using model error rates and expectant livestock behavior patterns