82 research outputs found

    Phase diagram of crushed powders

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    Compression of monodisperse powder samples in quasistatic conditions is addressed in a pressure range such that particles fragmentation occurs while the solid remains incompressible (typical pressure range of 1-300 MPa for glass powders). For a granular bed made of particles of given size, the existence of three stages is observed during compression and crush up. First, classical compression occurs and the pressure of the granular bed increases along a characteristic curve as the volume decreases. Then, a critical pressure is reached for which fragmentation begins. During the fragmentation process, the granular pressure stays constant in a given volume range. At the end of this second stage, 20% to 50% of initial grains are reduced to finer particles, depending on the initial size. Then compression undergoes the third stage and the pressure increases along another characteristic curve, in the absence of extra fragmentation. The present paper analyses the analogies between phase transition in liquid-vapour systems and powder compression with crush-up. Fragmentation diagram of soda lime glass granular beds is determined by experimental means. The analogues of the saturation pressure and latent heat of phase change are determined. Two thermodynamic models are then examined to represent the crush-up diagram. The first one uses piecewise functions while the second one is of van der Waals type. Both equations of state relate granular pressure, solid volume fraction and initial particle diameter. The piecewise functions approach provides reasonable representations of the phase diagram while the van der Waals one fails

    Étude de l'interaction de la Thioflavine T et de complexes de Ru(II) avec le peptide amyloĂŻde bĂȘta dans le cadre de la maladie d'Alzheimer

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    La maladie d'Alzheimer est caractĂ©risĂ©e par la prĂ©sence de dĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rescences neurofibrillaires et l'accumulation de plaques amyloĂŻdes dans le cerveau. Ces plaques contiennent principalement un peptide nommĂ© amyloĂŻde-b (Ab) sous forme agrĂ©gĂ©e. Le processus d'agrĂ©gation des peptides Ab en plaques amyloĂŻdes reprĂ©sente une Ă©tape clĂ© dans l'apparition de la pathologie, la coordination du cuivre, et Ă©galement du zinc, favorisant la formation d'espĂšces agrĂ©gĂ©es impliquĂ©es dans la neurotoxicitĂ©. Notre objectif consiste Ă  concevoir des complexes bifonctionnels avec d'une part un analogue de la Thioflavine T (ThT) et d'autre part un complexe de Ru(II), ce travail de thĂšse s'articule donc selon ces deux axes. I- Nous nous sommes d'abord intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  l'interaction entre le peptide Ab et la Thioflavine T (ThT), fluorophore classiquement utilisĂ© pour Ă©tudier l'agrĂ©gation du peptide Ab. Cette interaction a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e principalement par spectroscopie RMN. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont permis d'identifier le site d'interaction de la ThT au peptide Ab. Par la suite, les effets de la ThT et du Zn(II) sur l'agrĂ©gation du peptide Ab ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s en combinant la RMN et la spectroscopie de fluorescence. A partir des donnĂ©es obtenues, nous avons montrĂ© que la ThT et le Zn(II) ne sont pas inertes sur la cinĂ©tique d'agrĂ©gation du peptide Ab. Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©galement rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© des diffĂ©rences importantes concernant les informations apportĂ©es par la fluorescence et la RMN. II- La coordination du cuivre et du zinc implique principalement les noyaux imidazoles des rĂ©sidus histidines. Afin d'empĂȘcher la coordination de ces ions mĂ©talliques aux peptides Ab, une stratĂ©gie thĂ©rapeutique innovante consiste en l'utilisation de complexes platinoĂŻdes comportant des sites labiles et capables de se lier aux rĂ©sidus histidines du Ab. En raison de la toxicitĂ© des complexes de Pt(II), nous avons envisagĂ© la synthĂšse de complexes de Ru(II), principalement basĂ©s sur le motif fac-Ru(CO)32+. DiffĂ©rents complexes avec des ligands de type glycinate, hydroxyquinolinate et Ă©thylenediamine ont Ă©tĂ© synthĂ©tisĂ©s. L'Ă©tude de leur interaction avec le peptide Ab a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par diffĂ©rentes techniques spectroscopiques (RMN, RPE, fluorescence, spectromĂ©trie de masse). Les rĂ©sultats obtenus ont montrĂ©, en particulier, que les complexes sont capables d'inhiber l'agrĂ©gation du peptide Ab induite par le zinc.The Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain. These plaques are formed by aggregated amyloid-b (Ab) peptide. The Ab aggregation represents a key event in the appearance of the pathology, copper and zinc coordination favoring the formation of aggregated species involved in the neurotoxicity. Our objective consists in designing bifonctional complexes with, on one hand, a Thioflavine T (ThT) analog and, on the other hand, a Ru(II) complex : this thesis is thus centered around these two axes. I- In this context, we first investigated the interaction between Ab and ThT, which is a classical dye commonly used to study the aggregation process. This interaction was mainly studied by NMR spectroscopy. Our first results allowed us to identify the interaction site of the ThT with the Ab peptide. Then, the ThT and Zn(II) effects on the aggregation process were assessed by NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. From the obtained data, we showed that ThT and Zn (II) are involved in the aggregation kinetic. The results also revealed important differences concerning the information brought by fluorescence and NMR. II- Copper and zinc coordination mainly implies imidazole ring of the histidine residues. In order to prevent the coordination of these metallic ions to Ab, an innovative therapeutic strategy consists of the use of platinoid complexes containing labile sites which are able to bind the Ab histidine residues. Because of Pt(II) complexes toxicity, we envisaged the synthesis of Ru(II) complexes, mainly based on fac-Ru(CO)32+ motive. Different complexes with glycinate, hydroxyquinolinate or ethylenediamine ligand were synthesized. The study of their interaction with the Ab peptide was realized by various spectroscopy techniques (RMN, RPE, fluorescence, mass spectrometry and demonstrated that the complexes are able to prevent the Ab aggregation induced by zinc.TOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF

    TAMARIS : Traitement et Authentification des MenAces et RISques en mer (2009)

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    International audienceL'objectif du projet de dĂ©monstrateur proposĂ© TAMARIS, est d'intĂ©grer un processus et des outils innovants de traitement de l'information pour l'analyse d'une situation qui est une sĂ©rie d'alertes correspondant Ă  un comportement suspect de navire. Ce comportement suspect peut se dĂ©rouler dans le temps (sur plusieurs jours, voir mois) et sur un espace maritime Ă©tendu (plusieurs centaines de miles nautiques). L'analyse est traduite par l'Ă©laboration en temps rĂ©el d'un dossier d'enquĂȘte Ă©lectronique. Ce dossier standardisĂ©, permet de rassembler l'ensemble des informations (des connections Ă  des bases de donnĂ©es et Ă  Internet permettent ce renseignement) et l'analyse sur un seul support rĂ©actualisĂ© au fil du dĂ©roulement de la situation. Ce dossier peut ĂȘtre transmis aux autoritĂ©s dĂ©cisionnelles afin de suivre en permanence les Ă©volutions et d'ĂȘtre informĂ©es de l'authentification progressive du comportement suspect durant son dĂ©roulement. Ce dossier est constituĂ© et visualisĂ© sur une table tactile, ce qui permet Ă  une Ă©quipe d'experts de diffĂ©rentes organisations de travailler ensemble et en direct de façon interactive. Ce dossier constitue une archive quasi complĂšte et chronologique qui peut ĂȘtre transmise Ă©galement Ă  des enquĂȘteurs pour mener des investigations ultĂ©rieures

    TAMARIS : Traitement et Authentification des MenAces et RISques en mer

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    National audienceL'objectif du projet de dĂ©monstrateur TAMARIS est d'intĂ©grer un processus et des outils innovants de traitement de l'information pour l'analyse d'une situation qui comporte une sĂ©rie d'alertes correspondant Ă  un comportement suspect de navire. Ce comportement suspect peut se dĂ©rouler dans le temps (sur plusieurs jours, voir mois) et sur un espace maritime Ă©tendu (plusieurs centaines de miles nautiques). L'analyse est traduite par l'Ă©laboration, en temps rĂ©el, d'un dossier d'interprĂ©tation Ă©lectronique. Ce dernier est standardisĂ©, et permet de rassembler l'ensemble des informations et l'analyse sur un seul support rĂ©actualisĂ© au fil du dĂ©roulement de la situation. Ce dossier peut ĂȘtre transmis aux autoritĂ©s dĂ©cisionnelles afin de suivre en permanence les Ă©volutions et d'ĂȘtre informĂ©es de l'identification progressive du comportement suspect durant son dĂ©roulement. Une table tactile permet de constituer et visualiser ce dossier, mais aussi Ă  une Ă©quipe d'experts de diffĂ©rentes organisations de travailler ensemble ou Ă  distance de façon interactive. Enfin, le dossier constitue une archive quasi complĂšte et chronologique qui peut ĂȘtre transmise Ă©galement Ă  des enquĂȘteurs pour mener des investigations ultĂ©rieures suites Ă  une plainte

    Torque Controlled Locomotion of a Biped Robot with Link Flexibility

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    When a big and heavy robot moves, it exerts large forces on the environment and on its own structure, its angular momentum can varysubstantially, and even the robot's structure can deform if there is a mechanical weakness. Under these conditions, standard locomotion controllers can fail easily. In this article, we propose a complete control scheme to work with heavy robots in torque control. The full centroidal dynamics is used to generate walking gaits online, link deflections are taken into account to estimate the robot posture and all postural instructions are designed to avoid conflicting with each other, improving balance. These choices reduce model and control errors, allowing our centroidal stabilizer to compensate for the remaining residual errors. The stabilizer and motion generator are designed together to ensure feasibility under the assumption of bounded errors. We deploy this scheme to control the locomotion of the humanoid robot Talos, whose hip links flex when walking. It allows us to reach steps of 35~cm, for an average speed of 25~cm/sec, which is among the best performances so far for torque-controlled electric robots.Comment: IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids 2022), IEEE, Nov 2022, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japa

    Structural insights on the pamoic acid and the 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta complex: Towards the design of higher-affinity inhibitors

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>DNA polymerase beta (pol beta), the error-prone DNA polymerase of single-stranded DNA break repair as well as base excision repair pathways, is overexpressed in several tumors and takes part in chemotherapeutic agent resistance, like that of cisplatin, through translesion synthesis. For this reason pol beta has become a therapeutic target. Several inhibitors have been identified, but none of them presents a sufficient affinity and specificity to become a drug. The fragment-based inhibitor design allows an important improvement in affinity of small molecules. The initial and critical step for setting up the fragment-based strategy consists in the identification and structural characterization of the first fragment bound to the target.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have performed docking studies of pamoic acid, a 9 micromolar pol beta inhibitor, and found that it binds in a single pocket at the surface of the 8 kDa domain of pol beta. However, docking studies provided five possible conformations for pamoic acid in this site. NMR experiments were performed on the complex to select a single conformation among the five retained. Chemical Shift Mapping data confirmed pamoic acid binding site found by docking while NOESY and saturation transfer experiments provided distances between pairs of protons from the pamoic acid and those of the 8 kDa domain that allowed the identification of the correct conformation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Combining NMR experiments on the complex with docking results allowed us to build a three-dimensional structural model. This model serves as the starting point for further structural studies aimed at improving the affinity of pamoic acid for binding to DNA polymerase beta.</p

    Whole Body Model Predictive Control with a Memory of Motion: Experiments on a Torque-Controlled Talos

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    This paper presents the first successful experiment implementing whole-body model predictive control with state feedback on a torque-control humanoid robot. We demonstrate that our control scheme is able to do whole-body target tracking, control the balance in front of strong external perturbations and avoid collision with an external object. The key elements for this success are threefold. First, optimal control over a receding horizon is implemented with Crocoddyl, an optimal control library based on differential dynamics programming, providing state-feedback control in less than 10 msecs. Second, a warm start strategy based on memory of motion has been implemented to overcome the sensitivity of the optimal control solver to initial conditions. Finally, the optimal trajectories are executed by a low-level torque controller, feedbacking on direct torque measurement at high frequency. This paper provides the details of the method, along with analytical benchmarks with the real humanoid robot Talos

    Structural determinants of specific DNA-recognition by the THAP zinc finger

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    Human THAP1 is the prototype of a large family of cellular factors sharing an original THAP zinc-finger motif responsible for DNA binding. Human THAP1 regulates endothelial cell proliferation and G1/S cell-cycle progression, through modulation of pRb/E2F cell-cycle target genes including rrm1. Recently, mutations in THAP1 have been found to cause DYT6 primary torsion dystonia, a human neurological disease. We report here the first 3D structure of the complex formed by the DNA-binding domain of THAP1 and its specific DNA target (THABS) found within the rrm1 target gene. The THAP zinc finger uses its double-stranded ÎČ-sheet to fill the DNA major groove and provides a unique combination of contacts from the ÎČ-sheet, the N-terminal tail and surrounding loops toward the five invariant base pairs of the THABS sequence. Our studies reveal unprecedented insights into the specific DNA recognition mechanisms within this large family of proteins controlling cell proliferation, cell cycle and pluripotency
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