Análise dos Esquemas de Superfície do Modelo WRF: Um Estudo de Caso para a Floresta Tropical Amazônica

O trabalho teve como objetivo testar os diferentes esquemas desuperfície acoplados ao modelo Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)para uma área de floresta tropical na Amazônia. Os esquemas de superfícietestados foram: Noah-LSM, RUC-LSM e o esquema de difusão térmica,para o dia 02 de fevereiro de 2008 durante a estação chuvosa. Osfluxos de energia simulados foram comparados com as observações deuma torre de fluxo instalada na região. Os resultados preliminares indicaramque o esquema Noah-LSM foi o que melhor representou a partiçãodos fluxos de energia (H e LE) para aquela região

Uso de diferentes condicionantes e avaliação da qualidade de dois lotes de sementes urucum (Bixa orellana)

Due to the low germination of annatto seeds (Bixa orellana L.), it is necessary to test different techniques that facilitate and enable its production, such as the use of the physiological conditioning method. Here, we aimed to characterize the germination of two annatto seed lots under physiological conditioning. For this, two lots of seeds (newly-collected and stored) were submitted to physiological conditioning using an aerated solution of 1) deionized water; 2) cathodic water; 3) potassium nitrate 0.3%; 4) sodium nitroprusside 100 µM; for 24h and 48h, and an additional treatment (control) without conditioning. After the germination test, ungerminated seeds were submitted to a tetrazolium test at 0.075% at 30 °C, in the dark for 24 h. We used a completely randomized factorial design (4 x 2 + 1) with four replications of 25 seeds per treatment. Despite the low germination already mentioned in the literature for this species, we obtained high germination without any type of dormancy-break pretreatment, even in lots stored for over 10 years with a water content of 8%, characterizing this species as non-dormant. The germination and viability of Bixa orellana were influenced by seed water content decrease. The conditioning agents were not efficient to increase annatto seed germination. Further studies are needed to classify these seeds according to their storability.Devido à baixa germinação de sementes de Bixa orellana L., há a necessidade de se testar diferentes técnicas que viabilizem sua reprodução, como o condicionamento fisiológico. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a germinação de dois lotes de sementes de urucum sob efeito do condicionamento fisiológico. Para isso, sementes de dois lotes (recém-colhido e armazenado) foram submetidas ao condicionamento fisiológico em solução aerada de: 1) água deionizada; 2) água catódica; 3) nitrato de potássio a 0,3%; 4) nitroprussiato de sódio a 100 µM; por 24 e 48h, e um tratamento adicional (controle) sem condicionamento. Após o teste de germinação, as  sementes que não germinaram foram submetidas ao teste de tetrazólio a 0,075% a 30 °C, no escuro, durante 24 h. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (4 x 2 + 1) com quatro repetições de 25 sementes por tratamento. Apesar da baixa germinação já relatada para a espécie, foi possível obter germinação sem nenhum tipo de pré-tratamento como quebra de dormência, mesmo em lote armazenado por 10 anos e com teor de água de 8%. Os agentes condicionantes não foram eficientes no aumento da germinação de sementes de urucum. São necessários novos trabalhos para classificação da espécie quanto ao seu armazenamento

From handcrafting to a certified and ergonomic collaborative workstation: the digital transformation process

As manufacturing enters an era of mass customization, new technological solutions with more versatility and flexibility are brought to the industry. Collaborative robots, or COBOTs, can now safely work near humans, a key advantage that enables highly-flexible production and opens the possibility to tackle the incidence of occupational health problems. Although the advantages of collaborative robotic manufacturing have been extensively praised, adapting a manual production workstation to integrate robotic technology is far from being a linear and easy process. In this work, we explore this delicate balance between the ergonomic, production, and safety requirements in the design of a new collaborative cell. We explain the different steps of this digital transformation process and the thought process behind human-robot task allocation to maximize the collaborative robot efficiency while improving the work conditions. This work describes the development of a certified and production-ready collaborative workstation based on ergonomic criteria. Results show a significant reduction in the global ergonomic risk score associated with the workers' actions and postures and an increase in production quotas, compared to the previous manual process.This work was supported by NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000018, integrated into the invitation NORTE-59-2018-41, aiming to hire highly-qualified human resources, co-financed by the Regional Operational Programme of the North 2020, thematic area of Competitiveness and Employment, through the European Social Fund (ESF)

O COVID-19 E O DIVÓRCIO NO BRASIL: CONSIDERAÇÕES DO DIREITO E DA PSICOLOGIA

Diante das alarmantes buscas por divórcios registradas desde o início da intensificação das medidas de confinamento, atingindo cerca de um percentual de 177% em procuras de escritórios especializados em Família e aproximadamente 9900% nas pesquisas do termo “divórcio online gratuito”, segundo levantamento do Google. O presente trabalho busca identificar as causas estimulantes para o rompimento conjugal em situação de isolamento social forçoso, em razão da pandemia do COVID-19. A pesquisa busca mensurar as faces do conflito familiar dentro de uma realidade que é atual e eminente.  Á luz da psicologia, percebe-se que o problema aumenta quando a relação conjugal já apresenta uma estrutura frágil, capaz de se afetar facilmente diante dos fatores externos.  A alteração na rotina familiar pode vir a desencadear momentos de estresse e abalo emocional na vida conjugal. Comumente, uma decisão de divórcio já costuma ser muito difícil, principalmente quando envolve filhos, e ainda, diante desse cenário gravoso da pandemia tende ser ainda mais doloroso. Diante disso, verifica-se que o calor dos ânimos, os estresses cotidianos, as expectativas não supridas no relacionamento conjugal podem ser motivos desagradáveis e muitas vezes, inaceitáveis, suscitando assim, em um pedido de divórcio. É concludente afirmar que o enfrentamento ao isolamento social na esfera conjugal pode ser um verdadeiro desafio para os casais. Visto que, com as fragilidades mais transparentes e manifestas as diferenças entre os parceiros, a dificuldade para gerenciar as emoções pode transparecer em desinteresse para se reinventar e ser empático, podendo contribuir para uma convivência difícil

On the use of organic semiconductors as handles for optical tweezers experiments: trapping and manipulating polyaniline (PANI) microparticles

Here we propose the use of the organic semiconductor polyaniline (PANI) for the preparation of spherical-shaped microparticles to serve as handles in optical tweezers (OT) experiments. The stable trapping and manipulation of PANI beads was demonstrated for the first time, using a Gaussian ($TEM_{00}$) beam optical tweezers. The trap stiffness was characterized for various different parameters such as the bead radius, the laser power and the distance between the bead and the coverslip of the sample chamber, attesting the viability of using such material for optical manipulation. Since the effective optical properties of PANI can be modulated by the synthesis process, new related applications are also proposed. The results of the present work therefore open the door for using semiconductor polymeric materials in OT applications.Comment: 10 pages and 5 figure

INFLUENCE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON SOIL PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

The deterioration of soil quality has been widely studied and debated in Soil Science. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the effect of soil management systems, regarding the soil physical attributes. A New Holland tractor was used, model TL75, 4 x 2 TDA, in a randomized block design, with a split-plot plot scheme (5 x 3), that is, five soil tillage methods (leveling harrow, rotary hoe, manual weeding, subsoiler, and disc plow) and three periods (before tillage, after tillage and at the end of the implanted crop cycle) with three replicates, totaling 45 experimental units. For the water retention curve (SWRC), the SWRC Fit program was used. No significant difference was found among the soil tillage methods, however, when comparing the time before and after the preparation and the end of the implanted crop cycle, changes in the physical properties of the soil were observed in both treatments. The evaluation of the different methods allowed us to observe that the closer the results of parameters R² and the AIC, the most satisfactory the SWRC. Therefore, it is concluded that the different treatments do not cause changes in the physical properties of the soil, but when working with soil collections before and after sowing and harvesting, changes are found in the soil profile. The SWRC assessment methods were satisfactory; however, the Kosugi and Fredlund and Xing methods did not present significant values when compared with the others

Oeste Metropolitano do Rio de Janeiro: proposições, debates, desafios

Nas últimas duas décadas, o estado do Rio de Janeiro viveu importantes mudanças urbanas, políticas, econômicas, culturais e ambientais no seu espaço metropolitano por meio da emersão de novas centralidades econômicas, industriais e logísticas. Tais transformações atingiram especialmente o Oeste Metropolitano do Rio de Janeiro que, mesmo com a crise de graves proporções que assolou o Brasil nos últimos anos e com o estado do Rio de Janeiro vivendo uma verdadeira “atmosfera de crise”, permanece..

Digital soilscape mapping of tropical hillslope areas by neural networks

Geomorphometric variables are applied in digital soil mapping because of their strong correlation with the disposition and distribution of pedological components of the landscapes. In this research, the relationship between environmental components of tropical hillslope areas in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, artificial neural networks (ANN), and maximum likelihood algorithm (MaxLike) were evaluated with the aid of geoprocessing techniques. ANN and MaxLike were applied to soilscape mapping and the results were compared to the original map. The ANN architectures with seven and five neurons in the hidden layer produced the best classifications when using samples obtained systematically. When random samples were applied, the best neural net architectures were within 22 and 16 neurons in the hidden layer. In conclusion, the ANN can contribute to soilscape surveys, making map delineation faster and less expensive. The digital elevation model (DEM) and its derived attributes can contribute to the understanding of the soil-landscape relationship of tropical hillslope areas; the use of artificial neural networks and MaxLike is feasible for digital soilscape mapping. The systematic sampling method provided a global accuracy of 70 % and 65.9 % for the ANN and the MaxLike, respectively. When the random sampling method was applied, the ANN had a global accuracy of 69.6 %, and the MaxLike had an accuracy of 62.1 %, considering the total study area in relation to the reference map

Influence of geometry of the band-saw blades teeth in lumber quality and productivity

ResumoEste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento de dois modelos de dentes de lâmina de serra fita, durante o processamento mecânico de toras de Erisma uncinatum (cedrinho) e Dipteryx odorata (cumaru). A pesquisa levou em consideração aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos avaliados durante o desdobro de toras das duas espécies utilizando-se dois modelos de dentes de serra, modelo tradicional e modelo Senai. As variáveis que definiram a qualidade e a produtividade da madeira serrada, para ambos os modelos de dentes, foram, respectivamente, o desvio de corte e a velocidade de avanço do carro porta-tora. Os resultados mostraram que, para o modelo de dente denominado SENAI (MS), ganhos consideráveis em produtividade foram obtidos apenas para a espécie Erisma uncinatum. Essa vantagem não foi observada quando as toras processadas foram da espécie Dipteryx odorata, devido à consequente redução da velocidade de avanço. Em termos qualitativos, os ganhos obtidos com o modelo proposto foram observados para as duas espécies de madeira processada, com maior ênfase para madeira de cedrinho. Considerando esses resultados, o modelo Senai (MS) foi o mais recomendado para as condições de desdobro empregado, uma vez ter demonstrado ser o mais efetivo em termos de rendimento e, especialmente, qualidade de corte.Palavra-chave: Processamento mecânico de toras; ângulos de corte; velocidade de avanço. AbstractInfluence of geometry of the band-saw blades teeth in lumber quality and productivity. This research aimed to evaluate the behavior of two tooth models of band-saw blades, during log mechanical processing of Erisma uncinatum (cedrinho) and Dipteryx odorata (cumuru) using two types of sawtooth models: traditional model and Senai model. The research focused qualitative and quantitative aspects, evaluated during the sawing of the two species. The variables that define sawn wood quality and productivity, for both tooth models, were, respectively, the cut deviation, and the advancement velocity of log porter car. The results revealed that the “SENAI (MS)” tooth model has considerable productivity gains, only for de Erisma uncinatum specie. These advantages were not observed for the Dipteryx odorata species processed logs, due to consequent advancement velocity reduction. In qualitative terms, gains with the considered model could be observed for the two processed species, with emphasis for the medium density species. Considering the results, the Senai model (MS) was the most recommended for the applied sawing conditions, once the results demonstrated more qualitative effectiveness.Keywords: Mechanical processing of logs; cutting angles; feed rate.AbstractThis research aimed to evaluate the behavior of two tooth models of band-saw blades, during log mechanical processing of Erisma uncinatum (cedrinho) and Dipteryx odorata (cumuru) using two types of sawtooth models: traditional model and Senai model. The research focused qualitative and quantitative aspects, evaluated during the sawing of the two species. The variables that define sawn wood quality and productivity, for both tooth models, were, respectively, the cut deviation, and the advancement velocity of log porter car. The results revealed that the “SENAI (MS)” tooth model has considerable productivity gains, only for de Erisma uncinatum specie. These advantages were not observed for the Dipteryx odorata species processed logs, due to consequent advancement velocity reduction. In qualitative terms, gains with the considered model could be observed for the two processed species, with emphasis for the medium density species. Considering the results, the Senai model (MS) was the most recommended for the applied sawing conditions, once the results demonstrated more qualitative effectiveness.Keywords: Mechanical processing of logs; cutting angles; feed rate

Solvent degradation and polymerization shrinkage reduction of resin composites using isobornyl methacrylate

The aim of this study was to use the isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) as a combining or substituent diluent monomer in the resin matrix of dental resin composites. Thus, the resin matrix was formulated with 60 wt% of BisGMA and 40 wt% of diluent monomers. TEGDMA as the only diluent monomer was used as control with 40 wt%, while total substitution of TEGDMA was done with 40 wt% of IBOMA. The combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA was done with 20 wt% of each monomer. To the resin matrix, 65 wt% of filler particles was added. Degree of conversion (DC) using FT-IR, flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), polymerization shrinkage by gap formation (GF), Knoop hardness (KH) and solvent degradation (SD) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05; b=0.2). The results showed that reducing or substituting TEGDMA using IBOMA did not affect the DC (0.085), FS (p=0.886) or FM (p=0.414). Also, when IBOMA was used, lower GF was found in comparison to the control containing only TEGDMA as the diluent monomer (p=0.032). However, even though all composites presented reduction in KH during the SD test, the combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA showed similar reduction in KHN in comparison to the control group (p=0.001), while the total substitution of TEGDMA with IBOMA decreased KHN after SD (p=0.041). Thus, the combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA seem to reduce SD and GF without affecting the properties of resin composites303272278COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP0012016/05823-3; 2017/22161-7; 2016/06019-3; 2017/22195-