Exact Lagrangian submanifolds, Lagrangian spectral invariants and Aubry-Mather theory

We construct graph selectors for compact exact Lagrangians in the cotangent bundle of an orientable, closed manifold. The construction combines Lagrangian spectral invariants developed by Oh and results by Abouzaid about the Fukaya category of a cotangent bundle. We also introduce the notion of Lipschitz-exact Lagrangians and prove that these admit an appropriate generalization of graph selector. We then, following Bernard-Oliveira dos Santos, use these results to give a new characterization of the Aubry and Mane sets of a Tonelli Hamiltonian and to generalize a result of Arnaud on Lagrangians invariant under the flow of such Hamiltonians.Comment: v4: final version; to appear in Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. So

Integração de aplicações Web 2.0 e sistemas de gestão de conteúdos em ambientes pessoais de aprendizagem

A utilização de aplicações Web 2.0 no processo ensino/aprendizagem tem vindo a intensificar-se nos últimos tempos, mais por iniciativas individuais de docentes e estudantes do que por estratégia das Instituições de Ensino. Este artigo apresenta um projecto já em curso que consiste na implementação de uma plataforma de criação de ambientes de aprendizagem controlados pelos estudantes, integrando aplicações Web 2.0 e sistemas de gestão de conteúdos. A plataforma permitirá a utilização segura de conteúdos criados em aplicações Web 2.0, no processo de avaliação, possibilitando a sua publicação na infra-estrutura controlada pela Instituição de Ensino Superior, contribuindo assim para a adequação do binómio ensino/aprendizagem ao novo paradigma implicado no processo de Bolonha.The use of Web 2.0 applications in learning and teaching (L&T) has intensified in recent years, more driven by teachers and students than by educational institutions strategy. This paper presents an ongoing project that implements a platform for creating personal learning environments controlled by students, integrating Web 2.0 applications and content management systems, The platform will enable the safe use of content created in Web 2.0 applications in the evaluation process, allowing its publication in the infrastructure controlled by the Higher Education Institution, thus contributing to the adequacy of the binomial teaching / learning process involved in the new paradigm Bologna

Variações de Estados de Ânimo Presentes de Futebolistas Juvenis Durante um Período Competitivo

Atlhetes' mood states may vary depending on match contexts. This study analyzes present mood states variations over time in 18 male youth soccer players (Mage: 15.4 ± 0.266 years) during a competitive season. The Present Mood States List (PMSL) was applied for the assessment of present mood states 40 minutes before each Event in a sequence of training sessions and matches. The presence values of each PMSL Factor were calculated in each Event for each soccer player. Specific patterns of changes in mood states have been detected over time. Furthermore, depending on which Event was related to a specific match, some mood states differed in their pattern of change. The importance of including the dynamic component of time as an influential variable in athlete mood states changes is discussed.Estados de ánimo de los atletas pueden cambiar dependiendo de los contextos del juego. El estudio examinó los cambios en los estados de ánimo medidos en 18 futbolistas jóvenes del sexo masculino (promedio de 15,4 años ± 0.266) que ocurrieron en un periodo competitivo, dependiendo del decurso temporal. Para acceder a los estados de ánimo de los participantes, se utilizó la Lista de Estados de Ánimo Presentes (LEAP), aplicada 40 minutos antes de cada Evento de una secuencia de entrenamientos y partidos. Los valores de presencia de cada Factor de la LEAP en cada Evento se calcuralon para cada futbolista.  Los patrones específicos de alteración de los estados de ánimo se encontraron dependiendo de los Eventos relacionados con una partida. La importancia de incluir el componente dinámico de la temporalidad como variable influyente en los modelos de variación del estado de ánimo de los atletas es discutida.Os estados de ânimo de atletas podem variar dependendo do contexto do jogo. Este estudo analisou variações de estados de ânimo de 18 futebolistas masculinos juvenis (Midade: 15,4 ± 0,266 anos) ao longo de um período competitivo. A Lista de Estados de Ânimo Presentes (LEAP) foi utilizada para a avaliação dos estados de ânimo presentes cerca de 40 minutos antes de cada Evento, numa sequência de sessões de treinamento e jogos. Os valores de presença de cada Fator da LEAP foram calculados em cada Evento para cada atleta. Padrões específicos de variações de estados de ânimos foram detectados em função da passagem do tempo. Além disso, dependendo do Evento relacionado a um jogo específico, alguns estados de ânimo mudaram seu padrão de variação. A importância de incluir o componente dinâmico do tempo como variável influente nas variações de estados de ânimos em atletas é discutida

Racial and Age Vulnerabilities among Black Children in Brazil (1940 – 1960)

Racial markers in the tensions and violence on the black population in Brazilian History are the themes of this article The objective is to identify the modes of operation of violence as a marker of the experience of black children such as the free access of physical force public and private shaped children s perceptions about being black in the interior of Brazil It is analyzed how the fictional production of enmity acts from the slave memory to ratify conditions of subordination and vulnerability in the trajectory of colored populations in Brazil The cases of five black children between the 1940s and 1950s were qualitatively analyzed in the hinterland of Bahia The legal pieces were used as a way of to access the experiences of the vulnerability of black children and the semantic devices mobilized in the reaffirmation of inferiority and enmity It was concluded that throughout the twentieth century meanings of inferiority were attributed to young black bodies it was found that violent subjects considered access to juvenile physics free and considered violence a form of pedagogy to shape the character of girls and boys according to a logic patriarchal and white The power of violence instituted a language that forbade access to care and justice for black children making physical aggression the main communicative tool with young people of colo

Leverage variation and its relation to the industry characteristics

In this study we have focused on North American companies from 1974 until 2015. Based on this sample, it was our objective, to better understand the three dimensions of capital structure variation: within-firm, within-industry and between industries. We concluded that most of the variation in financial structures arises from within-industries rather than between industries. Additionally, in the period considered, within-industry variation was interpreted as the one that showcased the greatest increase, (43%) Taking into consideration these intriguing results, we decided to regress leverage ratios on industry leverage medians, which confirmed the little importance of industry in explaining firm financial structure. In order to better understand how leverage is organized within the different industries, we developed the concept of “level” and “consistency”, reaching a new stylized fact in this area of research, by concluding that industries which portray the highest or the lowest capital structures’ dispersion tend to remain this way for long periods of time. Finally, we proved that capital structure variation is associated to firms in industries with shorter longevities, higher probabilities of default, as well as, to higher leverage ratios.Este estudo foca-se em empresas norte americanas para o período entre 1974 e 2015. Com base nesta amostra, pretendemos perceber melhor como é que a variação na estrutura de capital está dividida pelas suas três componentes: dentro da empresa, dentro da indústria e entre indústrias. Concluímos que grande parte da variação nas estruturas de financiamento tem origem dentro das indústrias em vez de entre as indústrias. Ainda em relação ao período da nossa amostra, constatamos que a variação dentro da indústria foi a que teve um maior aumento, de cerca de 43%. Ao obter estes resultados intrigantes, decidimos estimar uma regressão entre os rácios de financiamento e os valores medianos por indústria, acabando este passo por confirmar a pouca importância que a indústria tem em explicar as estruturas de capital. Com o objetivo de perceber melhor como é que a estrutura de capital está organizada dentro das várias indústrias, criámos os conceitos de “level” e “consistency”. Concluímos que as indústrias com maior e menor dispersão do endividamento, tendem a manter-se dessa forma por longos períodos de tempo. Para terminar, mostramos que as indústrias com grande dispersão de financiamento estão associadas a indústrias cujas empresas demonstram : menos anos de vida, maior probabilidade de falência e maiores níveis de endividamento

A MODEL FOR PRODUCT-INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGHLY COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF Ti- 6Al-4V ALLOY TREATED WITH PULSED LASER Nd:YAG IN AEROSPACE INDUSTRY

This article aims to contribute to a new planning policy in the innovative products development. To do so, it presents a new modeling proposal to integrate technological innovation and new product development (NPD) in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Treated With Pulsed Laser Nd:YAG for turbines for Aerospace Industry, carried out according to the following stages: Phase 1: Modeling of the information needs; Phase 2: Determining of technology integration dimensions to the product; Phase 3: Evaluation of performance of technology integration dimensions to the product. To demonstrate the feasibility and plausibility of the modeling, a case study was conducted in a high tech company in Brazil (hypothetical application). The investigation was helped by the intervention of specialists with technical and scientific knowledge about the research object. To reduce subjectivity in the results, the following methods were used: Law of Categorical Judgment - psychometric scaling of Thurstone (1927), Multivariate Analysis statistical methods and method Compromise Programming, Electre III and Promethee II - multi-criteria analysis; and Neurofuzzy Technology. It is hoped that this study will stimulate a broad debate on the issue and it is acknowledged that more studies are needed to build more robust results in the near future. The results were satisfactory, validating the present proposa

Technology enhanced learning, a case study in pharmacology class

Teaching and Learning through web-based learning platforms is a complementary method of conventional teaching and learning approaches with potential to produce meaningful learning experiences and further engage and motivate students. The study of Pharmacology in the Pharmacy Degree at Polytechnic Institute of Porto is normally taught face-to-face. With this paper we aim to share and describe a technology enriched environment to the teaching of this subject.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Learning - contributions for one prompt and more personalized tutoring

This article describes an experience teaching and tutoring online course "Project courses e/b Learning" and was aimed at two main moments. At first moment we analysed and characterized the mentoring model formed by four tutors, reflecting on the advantages that this model provided in particular in relation to this aspect by which our model differs from traditional mentoring model made by a single tutor. In the second phase, we try to detect and analyse what were the days of the week that students have accessed the course in general and each of the specific modules, find answers to questions such as the duration of the modules, gender, day of the week to start the sessions / classes because they are important dimensions of distance education planning We seek to find patterns of behaviour trainees through the analysis of these records, which will allow us to move forward with a legislative proposal enhancer for more effective mentoring, faster and more personalized. The conclusions that this study allowed us to reach, given the sample used, (consisting of 31559 entries generated by 128 teachers of our polytechnic institute), show the following behavioural evidence: The highest number of total accesses to the course it was on Monday and Wednesday and the lowest number of accesses it was Sunday. The highest average accesses to the course it was on Monday and Wednesday and on Sunday it was the lowest number of accesses to the course. As contribution this study allows us to make the following proposal: The Mondays and Wednesdays are the most favourable days for successful tutoring and Sundays are unfavourable to schedule tutoring - discourage schedules tutorials.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Practices in web 2.0 - design, implementation and evaluation

Currently, higher education institutions have been increasing the use of web technologies to support face-to-face teaching process.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio