Extração automática de contextos definitórios em textos acadêmicos da ciência da informação

O trabalho apresenta estudo sobre o papel da Ciência da Informação, sua interdisciplinaridade e interseção com a Linguística e a Ciência da Computação no que se refere à utilização dos textos como fonte de informação e conhecimento a ser organizado ou reorganizado, nos grandes repositórios de informação já existentes, com a finalidade de recuperação. A ênfase é na extração automática de Contextos Definitórios em textos, o que se entende como qualquer fragmento textual que introduz e associa um termo a uma definição. Cita teorias de Organização da Informação como Classificação Facetada de Ranganathan, a teoria do Conceito de Dahlberg e as teorias da terminologia, tais como a Teoria Geral da Terminologia de Wüster e a Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia de Cabré. Todas as teorias são abordadas com enfoque na importância do termo e principalmente da definição como elemento primordial para o mapeamento semântico de um documento e de um domínio do conhecimento. Enfatiza a visão da definição como elemento de ligação entre os objetos e seus conceitos, identifica tipos de definições, cita estudos anteriores de identificação e extração automática de enunciados definitórios em inglês, espanhol e francês. Menciona as técnicas de Processamento de Linguagem Natural e Descoberta de Conhecimento em Textos como ferramentas para o processamento e extração de informação em documentos escritos em língua natural. Por fim, propõe um método de extração automática de Contextos Definitórios em textos acadêmicos da Ciência da Informação, a partir de uma gramática de padrões definitórios em língua portuguesa criada no âmbito da pesquisa. Entende-se gramática de padrões definitórios como um conjunto de expressões linguísticas capazes de identificar um CD em um texto. A gramática foi validada comparando uma extração manual com uma automática. O método foi aplicado nas teses e dissertações da Faculdade de Ciência da Informaçã

O conceito de relevância e o feedback do usuário final do Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília

Apresenta estudo sobre a relevância adotada pelo Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília e o feedback do usuário às respostas de recuperação da informação. Contextualiza o estudo no universo da comunicação científica e o livre acesso à informação. Identifica conceitos de relevância e abordagens de feedback de relevância para propor ao sistema uma busca que integre tanto pré-requisitos do sistema, quanto à avaliação do usuário, pois este tem papel importante sobre a avaliação por relevância

Effects and parameters of the photobiomodulation in experimental models of third-degree burn: systematic reviewanalysis / Efeitos e parâmetros da fotobiomodulação em modelos experimentais de queimadura de terceiro grau: revisão sistemática

This systematic review was performed to identify the role of photobiomodulation therapy in experimental models of third-degree burns used to induce oxidative stress. EMBASE, PubMed, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies published between January 2003 and January 2018 on the topics of photobiomodulation therapy and third-degree burns. Any study that assessed the effects of photobiomodulation therapy in animal models of third-degree burns was included in the analysis. A total of 17 studies were selected from 1182 original articles targeted on photobiomodulation therapy and third-degree burns. Two independent raters with a structured tool for rating the research quality critically assessed the articles. Although the small number of studies limits the conclusions, the current literature research indicates that photobiomodulation therapy can be an effective short-term approach to accelerate the healing process of third-degree burns, to increase and modulate the inflammatory process, to accelerate the proliferation of fibroblasts, and to enhance the quality of the collagen network. However, differences still exist in the terminology used to describe the parameters and the dose of photobiomodulation therapy

Uso de marcapasso na síncope neuromediada

A síncope neuromediada é causada por hipofluxo cerebral transitório gerado por bradicardia e hipotensao. O uso de marcapasso para tratamento dessa enfermidade em pacientes com tilt test (teste de inclinaçao) positivo foi estudado inicialmente de forma nao randomizada. Os primeiros estudos randomizados nao eram cegos e mostraram benefício muito grande na reduçao de eventos. No entanto, estudos cegos nao confirmaram esse benefício. Outra investigaçao sobre mecanismos de síncope mostrou que nem sempre o que é observado no tilt test se correlaciona com evento clínico. O monitor de eventos foi inserido na prática clínica e o uso de marcapasso como tratamento foi benéfico no grupo de pacientes com mais de 40 anos de idade, síncope espontânea, bradicardia ou pausas prolongadas, mesmo assintomáticas

Uso de marcapasso na síncope neuromediada

A síncope neuromediada é causada por hipofluxo cerebral transitório gerado por bradicardia e hipotensao. O uso de marcapasso para tratamento dessa enfermidade em pacientes com tilt test (teste de inclinaçao) positivo foi estudado inicialmente de forma nao randomizada. Os primeiros estudos randomizados nao eram cegos e mostraram benefício muito grande na reduçao de eventos. No entanto, estudos cegos nao confirmaram esse benefício. Outra investigaçao sobre mecanismos de síncope mostrou que nem sempre o que é observado no tilt test se correlaciona com evento clínico. O monitor de eventos foi inserido na prática clínica e o uso de marcapasso como tratamento foi benéfico no grupo de pacientes com mais de 40 anos de idade, síncope espontânea, bradicardia ou pausas prolongadas, mesmo assintomáticas

QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE IDOSOS PRATICANTES DE EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO EM ACADEMIAS AO AR LIVRE EM PARQUE A CÉU ABERTO

The objective of this study was to assess the perception of the quality of life of elderly practitioners of physical activity in outdoors academies in a park. The sample was composted by 39 elderly, divided in two groups: G1 (n=19) who was walking and G2 (n=20) that realized exercises in outdoors academies, both without supervision. The activity level was evaluated by international physical activities questionnaire IPAQ and the perception of quality of life by SF-36 questionnaire. The data analysis was executed with SPSS 22.0 program (p<0,05). There was no significant difference between the groups at comparison of general health status perception, because were presented an excellent to good health status and high score in quality life comparison. It was concluded that practice of physical exercises, both in walks or academies, result in health maintaining and quality of life for elderly people.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a percepção da qualidade de vida dos idosos praticantes de exercícios físicos em academias ao ar livre em um parque. A amostra foi composta por 39 idosos, divididos em dois grupos: G1 (n=19) que realizavam caminhada e G2 (n=20) que realizavam exercícios nas academias ao ar livre, ambos não supervisionados. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado pelo questionário internacional de atividade física IPAQ e a percepção da qualidade de vida pelo questionário SF-36. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o programa SPSS 22.0 (p<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos na comparação da percepção do estado geral de saúde, pois apresentaram um estado de saúde de excelente para boa e na comparação da qualidade de vida, alta pontuação. Concluiu-se que a prática de exercício físico, seja em academias ou caminhada, gera manutenção da saúde e qualidade de vida para idosos

Multiple Myeloma in a Dog

Background: The multiple myeloma is a neoplasia characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells (plasmacytes) in the bone marrow and in other tissues. The infiltration of the neoplasia cells associated to the high level of anomalous immunoglobulin production (M protein) results in a variety of clinic-pathologic anomalies. It is a rare disease in dogs, corresponding to 0.3% of all malignant neoplasia and 2% of the hematopoietic, with few literature descriptions. So, the present paper aims at properly report a multiple myeloma in a dog of non-defined breed, emphasizing the clinic, laboratorial, radiographic and pathologic aspects.Case: In a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, an 11-year-old dog of non-defined breed was admitted, weighing 10.8 kg of body mass. The clinic history was claudication of the right thoracic member, hyporexia and lethargy in the past 20 days. The main abnormalities in the physical examination were holosystolic cardiac murmur III/VI on mitral focus, and high sensibility to touch in the right humerus. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Radiographic examination confirmed polyostotic punctate osteolysis on the right humerus; pelvic, femurs and vertebrae bones from L2 to L7, on generalized condition. Cytology by aspiration puncture from the left femur marrow bone did not confirm neoplasia cells. The clinic condition of the referred animal was progressively getting worse and euthanasia was performed. At the dog’s necropsy it was spotted tumor infiltrations on the femur, the humerus and the vertebrae canal. Histopathological exam of the bone marrow revealed diffuse occupation by distinguished plasmacytes, in some áreas reaching around 100% of cell population. Metastases on the primary tumor were found on the liver, kidney and spleen.Discussion: The diagnosis of multiple myeloma in this dog was confirmed by bone marrow histopathological exam. It is confirmed when there is more than 20% of plasmacytes in the examined structure. In this report, certain areas were spotted with 100% occupation of neoplasia cells. On the other hand, the first cytological assess did not reveal any abnormalities, suggesting that the place which received the puncture (aspiration) was not infiltrated by tumor cells. It is described that in the bone marrow may occur grouping of plasmacytes, as it was observed the animal’s necropsy of this report. This aspect point out that the diagnosis cannot be discarded only with a negative cytological exam from the bone marrow; especially if there are clinic, laboratorial and radiographic signs compatible to the illness. The spotted clinic signs by this patient are frequent in dogs with multiple myeloma, as well as the laboratory results, except to the monoclonal gammopathy. Due to a no realization of electrophoresis, this abnormality cannot be confirmed. At the initial assessment of the disease, the radiographic exam is considered golden standard as it was observed in this dog. The radiographic abnormalities were determinant, once they conducted the diagnosis towards the suspected neoplasia. According to current diagnosis criteria, on this present case, the pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria also helped towards the suspicion of multiple myeloma. However, the evaluation of the bone marrow was decisive to the final diagnosis; and a special attention was given to puncture more than one place in the bone marrow, which improved/enhanced the diagnosis possibility in this patient.Keywords: plasma cells, bone marrow, pancytopenia, osteolysis, radiography

MOBILITY RESTRICTIONS FOR THE CONTROL OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC

Objective: To determine whether the SEIR model, associated to mobility changes parameters, can determine the likelihood of establishing control over an epidemic in a city, state or country. Study design and setting: The critical step in the prediction of COVID-19 by a SEIR model are the values of the basic reproduction number (R0) and the infectious period, in days. R0 and the infectious periods were calculated by mathematical constrained optimization, and used to determine the numerically minimum SEIR model errors in a country, based on COVID-19 data until April 11th. The Community Mobility Reports from Google Maps (<https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility>) provided mobility changes on April 5th compared to the baseline (Jan 3th to Feb 6th). The data was used to measure the non-pharmacological intervention adherence. The impact of each mobility component was calculated by logistic regression models. COVID-19 control was defined by SEIR model R0<1.0 in a country. Results: The ECDC has registered 1,653,204 COVID-19 worldwide on April 11th. Sixteen countries presented 78% of all cases. Of the six Google Maps mobility parameters, the “Stay at home” parameter was the strongest one to control COVID-19 in a country: an increase of 50% in mobility trends for places of residence has a 99% chance of outbreak control. Conclusions: Residential mobility restriction presented itself as the most effective measure. The SEIR model associated with mobility parameters proved to be a useful tool in determining the chance of COVID-19 outbreak control

Metronidazole release using natural rubber latex as matrix

Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) can be used successfully in controlled release drug delivery due to their excellent\ud matrix forming properties. Recently, NRL has shown to stimulate angiogenesis, cellular adhesion and the formation\ud of extracellular matrix, promoting the replacement and regeneration of tissue. A dermatological delivery system\ud comprising a topically acceptable, inert support impregnated with a metronidazole (MET) solution was developed.\ud MET 2-(2- methyl- 5-nitro- 1H- imidazol- 1-yl) ethanol, has been widely used for the treatment of protozoa and\ud anaerobic bacterial infections. MET is a nitroimidazole anti-infective medication used mainly in the treatment of\ud infections caused by susceptible organisms, particularly anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. In a previous study, we\ud have tested NRL as an occlusive membrane for GBR with promising results. One possible way to decrease the\ud inflammatory process, it was incorporated the MET in NRL. MET was incorporated into the NRL, by mixing it in\ud solution for in vitro protein delivery experiments. The solutions of latex and MET were polymerized at different\ud temperatures, from –100 to 40 °C, in order to control the membrane morphology. SEM microscopy analysis\ud showed that the number, size and distribution of pores in NRL membranes varied depending on polymerization\ud temperature, as well as its overall morphology. Results demonstrated that the best drug-delivery system was the\ud membrane polymerized at –100 °C, which does release 77,1% of its MET content for up 310 hours.FAPESPCNPq/IMMPCAPE

Acute kidney injury due to excessive and prolonged intramuscular injection of veterinary supplements containing vitamins A, D and E: A series of 16 cases

AbstractBackgroundDespite well-documented risks, injectable supplements containing high doses of vitamins are commonly used.ObjectivesTo describe acute kidney injury (AKI) as a complication of vitamin intoxication.MethodsOur series consisted of 16 patients with kidney complications resulting from the use of veterinary intramuscular injection supplements of vitamin A, D and E. The patients were admitted to two referral hospitals in Fortaleza (Brazil) between January 2010 and January 2015.ResultsPatients’ mean age was 28.3±8.9 years (19–53 years), and 11 (68.7%) were male. Main signs and symptoms upon admission were nausea (68.7%), vomiting (62.5%), weight loss (43.7%), epigastric pain (31.2%) and headache (31.2%). At hospital admission the mean laboratory values were: hemoglobin 10±2.0g/dL (6.1–14.2), leukocytes 10,542±4871/mm3 (4100–15,100), creatinine 3.9±5.2mg/dL (0.7–22) and urea 91±88mg/dL (22–306), respectively. Serum calcium was 12±2.2mg/dL (8.8–15.5), 24-h urine calcium was 575±329mg (10.7–1058), serum PTH was 55±141pg/mL (2–406), and serum vitamin D concentration was 135±75ng/mL (22–265). Using KDIGO criteria, AKI was diagnosed in 13 patients (81.2%), classified as stage 1 (n=3), stage 2 (n=3) or stage 3 (n=7). No deaths occurred in the study period.ConclusionsExcessive use of veterinary vitamin supplements containing high doses of vitamin A, D and E was associated with AKI. Hypercalcaemia, which was a common finding, appears to be a contributing factor to the development of this type of AKI