O debate sobre o déficit previdenciário e uma análise das (in)constitucionalidades da PEC 06/2019

O tema sobre a reforma da previdência desde a Constituição de 1988 sempre esteve presente no debate político nacional. Mais recentemente após o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff retoma-se a discussão sobre previdência no país seja pela EC 287/2016 e de forma mais atual por meio da EC 06/2019. Embora o debate político esteja centrado na questão do déficit da seguridade social, faz-se necessário analisar em que medida a capitalização, o BPC e a desconstitucionalização da matéria previdenciária confrontam a constituição brasileira e as normas internacionais. Para isso, será utilizado o método histórico e dedutivo e a pesquisa bibliográfica

Major clinical findings of ortho-surgical procedures in Class II patients: a concise systematic review

Introduction: In the ortho-surgery treatment, the AOB is an easily recognized malocclusion and presents only aesthetic and functional problems. Its etiology is multifactorial, including heredity, oral habits, unfavorable growth patterns, and increased lymphatic tissue along with mouth breathing and functional oral matrices. The prevalence of anterior open bite in the early mixed dentition is approximately 17.0-25%. Objective: the present study aimed to list the major clinical findings of ortho-surgical procedures in class II patients, as well as to analyze the risks of bias between the selected clinical studies. Methods: The present study was followed by a systematic literature review model, according to the PRISMA rules. The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The present study was carried out from February to June of 2022. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument, with randomized controlled clinical studies, prospective controlled clinical studies, and studies of systematic review and meta-analysis listed as the studies with the greatest scientific evidence, and the Risk of Bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument (Funnel Plot Analysis). Results and Conclusion: A total of 111 articles were found. After this process, the abstracts were evaluated and a new exclusion was performed based on the GRADE Instrument and Risk of Bias. A total of 57 articles were fully evaluated and 13 clinical studies were included and discussed in this systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 27 studies that were excluded with a Major Risk of Bias (studies with small sample size), and 44 studies that were excluded with a Minor Risk of Bias. Also, 7 studies were excluded because they did not meet the GRADE. Significant improvement in anterior occlusion can be expected in most patients when maxillary or mandibular surgery is used for Class II open bite correction. However, there will be individual patients in whom there will be considerable post-treatment changes in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions. Although individual morphology needs to be taken into account, it appears that both short-term and long-term stability are likely to be greater after Le Fort I surgery compared to bilateral sagittal split osteotomy

Non-HDL cholesterol is a good predictor of the risk of increased arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women in an urban Brazilian population

OBJECTIVES: Increased arterial stiffness is an important determinant of the risk of cardiovascular disease. Lipid profile impairment, especially hypercholesterolemia, is associated with stiffer blood vessels. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine which of the five circulating lipid components (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides) is the best predictor of increased arterial stiffness in an urban Brazilian population. METHODS: A random sample of 1,662 individuals from the general population of Vitoria, Brazil (25-64 years), was selected, and lipid components were measured using standard methods. Pulse wave velocity was measured using a non-invasive automatic device, and increased arterial stiffness was defined as a pulse wave velocity ≥10 m/s. RESULTS: In men, only total cholesterol (OR=1.59; CI=1.02 to 2.48, p=0.04) was associated with the risk of increased arterial stiffness. In women, HDL-C (OR=1.99; CI=1.18 to 3.35, p=0.01) and non-HDL-C (OR=1.61; CI=1.01 to 2.56, p=0.04) were good predictors of the risk of increased arterial stiffness. However, these associations were only found in postmenopausal women (OR=2.06; CI=1.00 to 4.26, p=0.05 for HDL-C and OR=1.83; CI=1.01 to 3.33, p=0.04 for non-HDL-C). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that both HDL-C and non-HDL-C are good predictors of the risk of increased arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women in an urban Brazilian population and may be useful tools for assessing the risk of arterial stiffness

MODELOS E MÉTODOS DE ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA

A constante busca de soluções para melhorar o aprendizado da Matemática faz com que os profissionais da Educação adotem diferentes modelos e métodos de ensino para alcançar teorias e práticas que deem resultados positivos. A importância do planejamento anual, da organização dos conteúdos programáticos nos livros didáticos e da pedagogia diferenciada na Educação Básica é fundamental para melhorar o ensino/aprendizagem da matemática. Os livros, artigos científicos e trabalhos na área da matemática também devem ser escritos numa linguagem simples, fácil e organizada sem abandonar as normas técnicas e científicas, de modo a otimizar suas interpretação

Educational approach for fault detection in Internal Combustion Engines with Matlab Toolbox Fuzzy Logic

Fuzzy logic is the logic defined from the theory of fuzzy sets. It differs from the crisp logic (traditional) in their characteristics and their details. In textbooks on fuzzy inference systems, exemplified superficially implementation creating doubts among computer science students. Traditionally, teachers teach IC with the use of conceptual models. This model was to serve specified parameters computing courses, allowing students to study and development of computational models using Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox (MFLT) for fault detection in engines. This paper proposes an academic learning model based on fuzzy inference and modeling to detect incipient faults in components of internal combustion engines

Study of anatomical variations in premolars by cone beam computerized tomography in a radiologic clinic in Piauí

Introduction: Root canal cleaning is the main objective of endodontic treatment and requires knowledge of the internal anatomy. The premolars are evidenced in the literature with great anatomical variations. In view of this, studies indicate that the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography helps in the visualization of highly complex anatomy. Objective: to describe the anatomical variations in maxillary and mandibular premolars using cone beam computed tomography in a radiologic clinic in Piaui. Methods: 54 cone beam computed tomography scans with 160 premolars were used, produced using the Orthopantomograph OP300 equipment and analyzed by multiplanar reconstructions: axial, coronal and sagittal. Data regarding sex, number of roots and canals were recorded to compare and classify according to Vertucci. Results: the maxillary first pre-molars had 63.5% two roots,83.7% with one root and the mandibular pre-molars mostly with one root. Regarding the number of channels, 92.3% of the first premolars had two channels, most of them maxillary second premolars and mandibular premolars only one channel. Vertucci variations of types I, II, III and IV were verified in single-rooted elements, observing a great variation in superior elements. As for the prevalence of sex, only the first superiors showed greater variation in males. Conclusions: the upper first premolars prevailed with a great anatomical variation in relation to the other premolars with prevalence of Vertucci Type I and in males.Introducción: La limpieza del conducto radicular es el principal objetivo del tratamiento endodóntico y requiere del conocimiento de la anatomía interna. Los premolares se evidencian en la literatura con grandes variaciones anatómicas. Por lo tanto, los estudios indican que el uso de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico ayuda en la visualización de anatomías altamente complejas. Metodología: Se utilizaron 4 equipos computarizados 60 premolares con 1 equipo, equipo sin equipo Orthopanto y ahora por reconstrucciones, coronal y sargital. Se registraron datos referentes al sexo, número de raíces y conductos para su comparación y clasificación según Vers. Resultados: Los primeros molares maxilares tenían el 63,5% de dos raíces, el 83,7% de los segundos premolares superiores tenían una raíz y la mayoría de los premolares mandibulares tenían una raíz. En cuanto al número de canales, el 92,3% de los primeros premolares tenían dos canales, siendo la mayoría segundos premolares maxilares y premolares inferiores de un canal. Se verificaron variaciones de Vertucci de los tipos I, II, III y IV en los elementos monoraíces, observándose la gran observación en los elementos superiores. En cuanto a la mayoría de machos, los primeros presentan el mayor número de machos. Conclusión: Los primeros premolares superiores prevalecerán con los demás premolares en relación a la prevalencia de Vertucci y en el sexo masculino.Introduction : Le nettoyage canalaire est l'objectif principal du traitement endodontique et nécessite une connaissance de l'anatomie interne. Les prémolaires sont mises en évidence dans la littérature avec de grandes variations anatomiques. Par conséquent, des études indiquent que l'utilisation de la tomodensitométrie à faisceau conique aide à la visualisation d'anatomies très complexes. Méthodologie : 4 équipements informatisés ont été utilisés 60 prémolaires avec 1 équipement, équipement sans équipement Orthopanto et maintenant par reconstructions, coronales et sarcitales. Les données relatives au sexe, au nombre de racines et de canaux ont été enregistrées pour comparaison et classification selon Vers. Résultats : Les premières molaires maxillaires avaient 63,5 % de deux racines, 83,7 % des deuxièmes prémolaires maxillaires avaient une racine et la plupart des prémolaires mandibulaires avaient une racine. En ce qui concerne le nombre de canaux, 92,3% des premières prémolaires avaient deux canaux, la majorité n'étant que des deuxièmes prémolaires maxillaires et des prémolaires inférieures à un seul canal. Les variations de Vertucci des types I, II, III et IV ont été vérifiées dans les éléments à racine unique, en observant la grande observation dans les éléments supérieurs. Quant à la majorité des mâles, les premiers à présenter le plus grand nombre de mâles. Conclusion : Les premières prémolaires supérieures prédominent avec les autres prémolaires en relation avec la prévalence de Vertucci et chez les hommes.Introdução: a limpeza do canal radicular é o principal objetivo do tratamento endodôntico e requer conhecimento da anatomia interna. Os pré-molares são evidenciados na literatura com grandes variações anatômicas. Diante disso, estudos indicam que o uso da Tomografia Computadorizada Cone Beam auxilia na visualização de anatomias de alta complexidade. Metodologia: foram utilizadas 54 tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico com 160 pré-molares, produzidas no equipamento Orthopantomograph OP300 e analisadas por reconstruções multiplanares: axial, coronal e sagital. Os dados referentes ao sexo, número de raízes e canais foram registrados para comparação e classificação segundo Vertucci. Resultados: os primeiros pré-molares superiores apresentavam 63,5% de duas raízes, 83,7% dos segundos pré-molares superiores tinham uma raiz e a maioria dos pré-molares inferiores tinha uma raiz. Em relação ao número de canais, 92,3% dos primeiros pré-molares possuíam dois canais, sendo a maioria segundos pré-molares superiores e pré-molares inferiores apenas um canal. Vertucci variações dos tipos I, II, III e IV foram verificadas nos elementos uniradiculares, observando-se a grande variação nos elementos superiores. Quanto à prevalência do sexo, apenas os primeiros superiores apresentaram maior variação no sexo masculino. Conclusão: os primeiros pré-molares superiores prevaleceram com grande variação anatômica em relação aos demais pré-molares com prevalência de Vertucci Tipo I e no sexo masculino

Síndrome HELLP com descolamento placentário e óbito fetal: relato de caso

The HELLP syndrome – defined as haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia – consists of an advanced stage of preeclampsia (PE), which can affect 0.6% of pregnancies and 4-12% of patients with severe PE. Being responsible for elevated maternal and perinatal mortality rates, it can present with general malaise, epigastralgia, right hypochondrium pain, nausea and vomits, headache, scotomas, associated with hypertension and proteinuria. Woman, 19 years old, primigest, admitted with 29 weeks of gestational age presenting with arterial hypertension (160/120 mmHg), headache, scotomas, nausea and vomits. She showed regular health status, pallid, closed, anterior and soft cervix, with no fluid losses, and inaudible fetal heart rate on the sonar. She was stabilized with intravenous hydration and antihypertensive drugs, the ultrasonography showed placental abruption and fetal death. An uneventfully caesarean operation was performed under general anaesthesia. Due to the low haemoglobin, haematocrit and platelet levels, she received blood transfusion, progressing with clinical and laboratory improvement. The pressure control was met by the use of methyldopa, nifedipine and pindolol, and she was discharged with a good health status at the 10th day of hospitalization, with scheduled return for reassessment.   Keywords: HELLP syndrome, severe preeclampsia, fetal death, placental abruption. A síndrome HELLP – definida por hemólise, enzimas hepáticas elevadas e plaquetopenia – consiste em estágio avançado de pré-eclâmpsia (PE), podendo afetar 0,6% das gestações e 4-12% das pacientes com PE grave. Responsável por elevados índices de mortalidade materna e perinatal, pode se apresentar com mal estar geral, epigastralgia, dor em hipocôndrio direito, náuseas ou vômitos, cefaleia, escotomas, assoaciado a quadro hipertensivo e proteinúria. Mulher de 19 anos, primigesta, admitida com 29 semanas de idade gestacional com quadro de hipertensão arterial (160/120 mmHg), cefaleia, escotomas, náuseas e vômitos. Apresentava regular estado geral, hipocorada, colo uterino fechado, anterior, amolecido e sem perdas e batimento cardiofetal inaudível ao sonar. Estabilizada com hidratação venosa e anti-hipertensivos, foi realizada ultrassonografia que evidenciou descolamento prematuro de placenta e óbito fetal. Realizada cesariana sob anestesia geral sem intercorrências. Devido a baixos níveis de hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas, foi hemotransfundida, apresentando melhora clínica e laboratorial. O controle pressórico foi atingido com uso de metildopa, nifedipina e pindolol, recebendo alta em bom estado geral no 10º dia de internação hospitalar com programação de retorno para reavaliação. Palavras-chave: Síndrome HELLP, Pré-eclâmpsia grave, óbito fetal, descolamento placentário

Reliability and validity of a questionnaire for physical activity assessment in South American children and adolescents: The SAYCARE Study

ABSTRACT: The objective of this article is to test the reliability and validity of the new and innovative physical activity (PA) questionnaire. Methods: Subsamples from the South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environment Study (SAYCARE) study were included to examine its reliability (children: n 5 161; adolescents: n 5 177) and validity (children: n 5 82; adolescents: n 5 60). The questionnaire consists of three dimensions of PA (lei-sure, active commuting, and school) performed during the last week. To assess its validity, the subjects wore accelerometers for at least 3 days and 8 h/d (at least one weekend day). The reliability was analyzed by correlation coefficients. In addition, Bland-Altman analysis and a multilevel regression were applied to estimate the measurement bias, limits of agreement, and influence of contextual variables. Results: In children, the questionnaire showed consistent reliability (q 5 0.56) and moderate validity (q 5 0.46), and the contextual variable variance explained 43.0% with 222.9 min/d bias. In adolescents, the reliability was higher (q 5 0.76) and the validity was almost excellent (q 5 0.88), with 66.7% of the variance explained by city level with 16.0 min/d PA bias. Conclusions: The SAYCARE PA questionnaire shows acceptable (in children) to strong (in adolescents) reliability and strong validity in the measurement of PA in the pediatric population from low- to middle-income countries