Caracterização das Pesquisas sobre Eficácia Coletiva Docente na Perspectiva da Teoria Social Cognitiva

Collective efficacy of teachers refers to the way faculty members judge the capabilities of this group to perform the specific tasks of the ir function. This study aimed to systematic ally review studies on collective teacher efficacy from a social cognitive perspective. The refore, articles in the CAPES database published between 2010 to 2014were reviewed .The survey resulted in 12 articles which contemplated pre-established inclusion criteria. The results indicated by means of analysis of the objectives of the articles that the variables most commonly used to study the collective teacher efficacy were: self-efficacy and job satisfaction. It was also noted that the majority of the studies useda quantitative approach, indicating a necessity to expand the studies applying qualitative techniques.A eficácia coletiva de professores refere-se ao modo como os membros do corpo docente julgam as capacidades desse grupo para realizar as tarefas específicas de sua função. Este estudo objetivou revisar sistematicamente pesquisas sobre a eficácia coletiva docente, na perspectiva social cognitiva. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas de artigos publicados entre 2010 a 2014, na base de dados da CAPES. O levantamento resultou em 12 artigos que contemplavam os critérios de inclusão pré-estabelecidos. Os resultados indicaram, por meio da análise dos objetivos dos artigos selecionados, que as variáveis mais utilizadas para estudar a eficácia coletiva foram: autoeficácia e satisfação no trabalho. Notou-se ainda que a maioria das pesquisas utilizou abordagem quantitativa, sendo necessário ampliar os estudos, aplicando técnicas qualitativas

Panorama de las pesquisas sobre autoeficacia docente en la perspectiva social cognitiva

The objective of this work was to systematically review existent researches about teacher self-efficacy. For this purpose, searches are performed on the data basis of CAPES – periódicos between 2009 and 2013. The survey resulted on 26 articles that contemplated the criteria of inclusion previously established. The results of the studies indicate that self efficacy is influenced by factors as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, job satisfaction, relationship with parents, use of violence, pressures of time, academic performance, class management, collective efficacy, among others. Such results contribute to sign the direction of researches performed in the area, indicating some trends and evidencing gaps to be investigated, for example, a larger number of studies that verify the relation between self efficacy and academic performance, as well as, teacher self efficacy and public policies that favor the process of teaching-learning. El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar un panorama de las pesquisas existentes sobre autoeficacia docente. Para tanto, se buscaron artículos en la base de datos de la CAPES y SCIELO periódicos llevado a cabo desde 2009 hasta 2013. Esto resultó en 26 artículos que contemplaban los criterios de inclusión antes establecidos. Los resultados indican que en el análisis de frecuencia de palabras se destacaron los siguientes termos: autoeficacia docente, satisfacción laboral y rendimiento de alumnos. La autoeficacia es influenciada por factores como agotamiento emocional, despersonalización, satisfacción laboral, relación con los padres, uso de la violencia, presión del tiempo, rendimiento académico, manejo de clase, eficacia colectiva entre otros. Tales resultados contribuyen enseñando el sentido de las pesquisas hechas en el área, indicando algunas tendencias y evidenciando lagunas por investigar, por ejemplo, más estudios que verifiquen la relación entre autoeficacia y rendimiento académico, y además, autoeficacia docente y políticas públicas que favorezcan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje

Percepções de Professores Acerca de Suas Crenças de Eficácia

Perception of Teachers Regarding Their Efficacy BeliefsResumoEste trabalho verificou a percepção dos professores acerca de suas crenças de eficácia (individual e coletiva), a partir da Teoria Social Cognitiva, no contexto de ensino. Participaram desta pesquisa quatro professores de uma escola privada confessional, do ensino infantil ao médio, selecionados aleatoriamente. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de coleta um questionário e uma entrevista coletiva semiaberta. Optou-se pela Análise de Conteúdo para interpretação e inferência dos dados, utilizando o software Nvivo 10. Os resultados indicaram que as crenças de eficácia de professores estão relacionadas às adversidades encontradas do contexto de ensino. Autoeficácia foi associada a estados afetivos; ao manejo de classe; ao engajamento do aluno; à capacidade para adequar estratégias de ensino. As crenças de eficácia coletiva evidenciaram percepções positivas quanto à capacidade para ensinar, indicando habilidades para promover aprendizagem significativa. Desse modo, os resultados contribuíram para apreender a visão dos professores acerca de suas crenças de eficácia.Palavras-chave: teoria social cognitiva; professor; ensino. AbstractThis study investigated the perception of teachers regarding their efficacy beliefs (individual and collective), based on the Cognitive Social Theory, in the teaching context. For this research, four teachers of a confessional private primary school were randomly selected. The tools used to collect the data were a questionnaire and a semi-open interview. The content analysis was applied for the interpretation and inference of the data using the software Nvivo 10.  The results indicated that teacher efficacy beliefs are related to adversities found in teaching context. Self-efficacy was associated with affective conditions; class management; student’s engagement; the ability to suit teaching strategies. The collective efficacy beliefs showed positive perceptions about the ability to teach, indicating skills to promote meaningful learning. Thus, the results contributed to acquire the vision of teachers about their efficacy beliefs.Keywords: cognitive social theory; teacher; teaching.

VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA CONTRA A MULHER EM CONTEXTO DE PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: UMA ANÁLISE DO QUANTITATIVO DE REGISTROS DE OCORRÊNCIAS

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a quantidade de registros de violência contra a mulher, a partir dos registros de ocorrências da Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher de Belém, Pará, Brasil e do Centro de Integrado de Operações, da Polícia Militar do Estado do Pará, Brasil no período de 2018 até junho de 2020. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, exploratório, documental, com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi executada junto à Secretaria Adjunta de Inteligência e Análise Criminal do Estado do Pará, Brasil e ao Centro Integrado de Operações, ambos vinculados à Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Estado do Pará, Brasil. Para tanto, foi utilizada a técnica estatística Análise de Variância e o teste de Tukey. Observou-se que as quantidades mensais de atendimentos realizados pelo Centro Integrado de Operações de violência contra a mulher são maiores que a quantidade de registros na Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher. No 1º semestre de 2020, período que coincide com o da Pandemia da Covid-19, tanto no Centro Integrado de Operações quanto na Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher houve queda no número de ocorrência/registro, o que pode indicar o crescimento da subnotificação deste tipo de violência. Esta investigação pode colaborar para melhorar as políticas públicas já existentes voltadas ao atendimento da vítima de violência e a buscar novas formas de enfrentamento, repressão e apuração da violência doméstica contra a mulher

Understanding the clinical spectrum of complicated Plasmodium vivax malaria: a systematic review on the contributions of the Brazilian literature

The resurgence of the malaria eradication agenda and the increasing number of severe manifestation reports has contributed to a renewed interested in the Plasmodium vivax infection. It is the most geographically widespread parasite causing human malaria, with around 2.85 billion people living under risk of infection. The Brazilian Amazon region reports more than 50% of the malaria cases in Latin America and since 1990 there is a marked predominance of this species, responsible for 85% of cases in 2009. However, only a few complicated cases of P. vivax have been reported from this region. A systematic review of the Brazilian indexed and non-indexed literature on complicated cases of vivax malaria was performed including published articles, masters' dissertations, doctoral theses and national congresses' abstracts. The following information was retrieved: patient characteristics (demographic, presence of co-morbidities and, whenever possible, associated genetic disorders); description of each major clinical manifestation. As a result, 27 articles, 28 abstracts from scientific events' annals and 13 theses/dissertations were found, only after 1987. Most of the reported information was described in small case series and case reports of patients from all the Amazonian states, and also in travellers from Brazilian non-endemic areas. The more relevant clinical complications were anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, jaundice and acute respiratory distress syndrome, present in all age groups, in addition to other more rare clinical pictures. Complications in pregnant women were also reported. Acute and chronic co-morbidities were frequent, however death was occasional. Clinical atypical cases of malaria are more frequent than published in the indexed literature, probably due to a publication bias. In the Brazilian Amazon (considered to be a low to moderate intensity area of transmission), clinical data are in accordance with the recent findings of severity described in diverse P. vivax endemic areas (especially anaemia in Southeast Asia), however in this region both children and adults are affected. Finally, gaps of knowledge and areas for future research are opportunely pointed out

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Factors influencing physical functional status in intensive care unit survivors two years after discharge

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU), physical functional status (PFS) improves over time, but does not return to the same level as before ICU admission. The goal of this study was to assess physical functional status two years after discharge from an ICU and to determine factors influencing physical status in this population. METHODS: The study reviewed all patients admitted to two non-trauma ICUs during a one-year period and included patients with age ≥ 18 yrs, ICU stay ≥ 24 h, and who were alive 24 months after ICU discharge. To assess PFS, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale scores and Lawton-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scores at ICU admission (K-ICU and L-ICU) were compared to the scores at the end of 24 months (K-24mo and L-24mo). Data at 24 months were obtained through telephone interviews. RESULTS: A total of 1,216 patients were eligible for the study. Twenty-four months after ICU discharge, 499 (41.6%) were alive, agreed to answer the interview, and had all hospital data available. PFS (K-ICU: 86.6 ± 13.8 vs. K-24mo: 77.1 ± 19.6, p < 0.001) and IADL (L-ICU: 27.0 ± 11.7 vs. L-24mo: 22.5 ± 11.5, p < 0.001) declined in patients with medical and unplanned surgical admissions. Most strikingly, the level of dependency increased in neurological patients (K-ICU: 86 ± 12 vs. K-24mo: 64 ± 21, relative risk [RR] 2.6, 95% CI, 1.8–3.6, p < 0.001) and trauma patients (K-ICU: 99 ± 2 vs. K-24mo: 83 ± 21, RR 2.7, 95% CI, 1.6–4.6, p < 0.001). The largest reduction in the ability to perform ADL occurred in neurological patients (L-ICU: 27 ± 7 vs. L-24mo: 15 ± 12, RR 3.3, 95% CI, 2.3–4.6 p < 0.001), trauma patients (L-ICU: 32 ± 0 vs. L-24mo: 25 ± 11, RR 2.8, 95% CI, 1.5–5.1, p < 0.001), patients aged ≥ 65 years (RR 1.4, 95% CI, 1.07–1.86, p = 0.01) and those who received mechanical ventilation for ≥ 8 days (RR 1.48, 95% CI, 1.02–2.15, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-four months after ICU discharge, PFS was significantly poorer in patients with neurological injury, trauma, age ≥ 65 tears, and mechanical ventilation ≥ 8 days. Future studies should focus on the relationship between PFS and health-related quality of life in this population

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension