Assembling and auditing a comprehensive DNA barcode reference library for European marine fishes

A large-scale comprehensive reference library of DNA barcodes for European marine fishes was assembled, allowing the evaluation of taxonomic uncertainties and species genetic diversity that were otherwise hidden in geographically restricted studies. A total of 4118 DNA barcodes were assigned to 358 species generating 366 Barcode Index Numbers (BIN). Initial examination revealed as much as 141 BIN discordances (more than one species in each BIN). After implementing an auditing and five-grade (A-E) annotation protocol, the number of discordant species BINs was reduced to 44 (13% grade E), while concordant species BINs amounted to 271 (78% grades A and B) and 14 other had insufficient data (grade D). Fifteen species displayed comparatively high intraspecific divergences ranging from 2·6 to 18·5% (grade C), which is biologically paramount information to be considered in fish species monitoring and stock assessment. On balance, this compilation contributed to the detection of 59 European fish species probably in need of taxonomic clarification or re-evaluation. The generalized implementation of an auditing and annotation protocol for reference libraries of DNA barcodes is recommended.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Recife – Olinda a última fronteira: a importância de estuários e manguezais em meios urbanos

Located on the administrative border between the cities of Olinda and Recife, the Beberibe River estuary receives constant anthropic influence and its mangrove is the target of growing real estate speculation. The aim of this manuscript is to analyse the decline of mangroves present the Beberibe estuary margins in resulting (access or restriction) in the period from 1974 to 2014. The analyses are made using Geographic Information Systems to assess pressure and urban expansion. The results indicate that there are 30% of mangroves in the study area and that urban growth caused great losses to the mangrove ecosystem that is visible in the representations in the period 1974 - 2014. In view of the emerging paradigms of urban growth, there are new possibilities for physical connection and conceptual between these two cities based on the convergence between the historically linked population. This discussion took place recently in Recife, concerning the José Estelita Wharf, and is currently being repeated for this last frontier not pioneered by disorderly urban growthLocalizado na fronteira administrativa entre as cidades de Olinda e Recife, o estuário do Beberibe recebe influência antrópica constante e seu manguezal é alvo da crescente especulação imobiliária. O objetivo deste manuscrito é analisar a diminuição dos manguezais presentes nas margens do estuário do Beberibe resultante da conservação (ou restrição de acesso) no período 1974 - 2014. As análises são feitas com o uso dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica para avaliar a pressão e expansão urbana. Os resultados indicam que há 30% de manguezais na área de estudos e que o crescimento urbano causou perdas ao ecossistema manguezal visível nas representações no período 1974 – 2014. Em vista dos paradigmas emergentes de crescimento urbano há novas possibilidade de conexão física e conceitual entre estas duas cidades baseadas na convergência entre a população ligada historicamente. Essa discussão ocorreu recentemente, relativo ao Cais José Estelita, e atualmente se repete para essa última fronteira não desbravada pelo crescimento urbano desordenado

Recife-Olinda The Last Frontier: Importance of Estuaries and Mangroves in Urban Environments

Located on the administrative border between the cities of Olinda and Recife, the Beberibe River estuary receives constant anthropic influence and its mangrove is the target of growing real estate speculation. The aim of this manuscript is to analyse the decline of mangroves present the Beberibe estuary margins in resulting (access or restriction) in the period from 1974 to 2014. The analyses are made using Geographic Information Systems to assess pressure and urban expansion. The results indicate that there are 30% of mangroves in the study area and that urban growth caused great losses to the mangrove ecosystem that is visible in the representations in the period 1974 - 2014. In view of the emerging paradigms of urban growth, there are new possibilities for physical connection and conceptual between these two cities based on the convergence between the historically linked population. This discussion took place recently in Recife, concerning the José Estelita Wharf, and is currently being repeated for this last frontier of disorderly urban growth.Localizado na fronteira administrativa entre as cidades de Olinda e Recife, o estuário do Beberibe recebe influência antrópica constante e seu manguezal é alvo da crescente especulação imobiliária. O objetivo deste manuscrito é analisar a diminuição dos manguezais presentes nas margens do estuário do Beberibe resultante da conservação (ou restrição de acesso) no período 1974 - 2014. As análises são feitas com o uso dos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica para avaliar a pressão e expansão urbana. Os resultados indicam que há 30% de manguezais na área de estudos e que o crescimento urbano causou perdas ao ecossistema manguezal visível nas representações no período 1974 – 2014. Em vista dos paradigmas emergentes de crescimento urbano há novas possibilidade de conexão física e conceitual entre estas duas cidades baseadas na convergência entre a população ligada historicamente. Essa discussão ocorreu recentemente, relativo ao Cais José Estelita, e atualmente se repete para essa última fronteira do crescimento urbano desordenado

Physicians' self-assessed empathy levels do not correlate with patients' assessments

Empathy is a fundamental humanistic component of patient care which facilitates efficient and patient-centered clinical encounters. Despite being the principal recipient of physician empathy little work on how patients perceive/report receiving empathy from their physicians has been undertaken. In the context of doctor-patient interactions, knowledge about empathy has mostly originated from physicians' perspectives and has been developed from studies using self-assessment instruments. In general, self-assessment may not correlate well with the reality observed by others.Funding was provided by Fapesp-Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(2016/11908-1) to Dr Marco Antonio Carvalho-Filhoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of Glutamine and Glutamate Supplementation in the Blood Levels of Horses

Background: The most abundant free amino acid in mammals is glutamine (GLN). Little research has focused on GLN supplementation for horses, but GLN levels in this species are known to decline after exercise and during lactation. Under physiological conditions, the body produces Gln in sufficient quantities for general metabolism, and a small part of this amino acid comes from dietary protein. Little research has so far focused on equine dietary supplementation with free glutamine or combined with other amino acids during catabolic states or in highly stressful situations. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of equine dietary supplementation using a combination of glutamine and glutamate.  Materials, Methods & Results: The study involved four Arabian mares, not in training (~380 kg; ~12 years old) and four treatments (control, and inclusions of 1, 2 and 4% of GLN+GLU) in a Latin square model. A 7-day washout period was established between each phase. Fifty percent of the mares’ maintenance energy requirements came from concentrate and 50% from hay and grazing. The other 50% came from Tifton hay (Cynodon dactylon), which was supplied ad libitum. After 7 weeks of nutritional supplementation (once a day, in the morning). In the experimental model, the mares were distributed in a Latin square design comprised of four treatments: control (without inclusion) and inclusions of 1%, 2% and 4% of supplement (AminoGut®, Ajinomoto do Brazil), and four animals. Blood was collected in five stages (fasting, and 60, 120, 240 and 360 min after feeding) in each treatment. The blood samples were analyzed to determine GLN, GLU, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total plasma protein, hematocrit and glucose levels. Glutamine and Glutamate concentrations were analyzed using the enzymatic spectrophotometric method. The results were analyzed statistically using one- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test with P set at 5%. The results indicated that GLN differed in both the group (P 0.05). Significant changes in GLN levels were also observed in the 4% inclusion treatment compared to all the treatments in the fasting phase and in the + 60 min and +240 min phases of the control group (P 0.05) during the period under analysis, and remained within the normal range for the species in their current stabling conditions. The mares presented no clinical problems nor did they change their feeding behavior during the supplementation period or on the days blood was collected.Discussion: Glutamine metabolism in horses has yet to be extensively studied.  However, it has been shown that, when supplied to horses in its free form, this amino acid causes Gln levels to rise rapidly within the first 90 min of the postprandial period.  This indicates that an extra amount of this amino acid may increase Gln blood levels despite intense degradation of enterocytes. This study found that supplementation with a combination of Gln+Glu can increase blood Gln levels after 6 h in the treatment involving 4% Gln+Glu included in the concentrate (P < 0.05) In conclusion, supplementation with GLN+GLU raised the mares’ GLN levels after 360 min when 4% of GLN+GLU was included in their diet. These results may be used to establish GLN supplementation models for horses.

Ecotoxicological evaluation of the application of landfill leachate on the germination of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

In sanitary landfills occurs the disposal of varied variety of residues that lead to the formation of leachate generated from the decomposition of urban solid wastes. Special attention should be given to leachate, as it may affect natural resources. The adoption of ecotoxicity tests may contribute to understand the relationship of pollutant with the environment in case of disposal or spillage. Thus, germination trials with cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) submitted to different dosages of landfill leachate (3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%) were proposed in two substrates: paper filter and soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the direct and indirect impact of the leachate on the germination of cabbage seeds, through the LC50 and the values of NOEC and LOEC. In both substrates it was not possible to determine the LC50 from the doses tested. In the paper test, the determination of LOEC, occurred with treatment 3.125%. For the soil test, the LOEC value is obtained with the 50% dose. The species presents a high potential for ecotoxicity bioassays to determine environmental impact, due to its sensitivity to variations in the environment

A Aplicabilidade Da Resolução n° 22 De Novembro de 2018 da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos pelos Tribunais Brasileiros

Este trabalho traz o seguinte problema de pesquisa: como os tribunais nacionais, em especial o Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro, têm exercido o controle de convencionalidade em relação à aplicabilidade da Resolução n° 22 de novembro de 2018 da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos? A hipótese defendida é que o Judiciário doméstico, sobretudo o TJRJ, não está realizando o controle de convencionalidade em relação à Resolução, pois não há um consenso acerca da sua aplicação, prevalecendo uma ausência de diálogo entre o Judiciário doméstico e os órgãos internacionais de proteção de direitos humanos, o que pode ensejar uma eventual responsabilização internacional do Brasil. O estudo apresenta os seguintes objetivos: a) analisar o histórico da Corte, seus princípios, funcionamento, competência e jurisdição; b) traçar um panorama da jurisprudência da Corte sobre condições degradantes no cárcere em cotejo com a Resolução n° 22 e o caso que ensejou sua edição; c) debater o controle de convencionalidade a partir da aplicação da Resolução, em especial no TJRJ. Utiliza-se o método indutivo (GUSTIN, DIAS, 2002) em uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, realizada por uma abordagem bibliográfica e documental (LAKATOS; MARCONI, 2017) e de levantamento de decisões. Realizou-se consulta à jurisprudência em mecanismo de busca do sítio eletrônico do TJRJ, catalogando processos de 2018 a 2022 com as seguintes palavras-chave: “Resolução da Corte IDH”, “22/11/2018” e “cômputo em dobro”. Apenas a segunda instância faz parte da análise, por ser responsável pela estabilização do entendimento dentro do TJRJ. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos; Aplicabilidade; Resolução n° 22 de novembro de 2018; Instituto Plácido de Sá Carvalho; Controle de Convencionalidade

O professorar por ensino remoto em tempos de pandemia Covid-19 / Teaching by remote teaching in times of pandemic Covid-19

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo problematizar como o ensino remoto atua no governamento na formação inicial de professores devido o fechamento das universidades frente à pandemia por Covid 19. Em vias teórico-metodológicas este trabalho transita nas fronteiras dos estudos pós-críticos e o caminho delineado iniciou com uma investigação exploratória sobre o pensamento de Foucault acerca da governamentalidade, suas características e modos de funcionamento. Seguido da escrita de si por meio de narrativas e finaliza com um procedimento analítico das recorrências e desvios da narrativa constituída na formação inicial de uma estudante e professoras em tempo de pandemia. Desta forma, a possibilidade de o ensino remoto ser escrito, ter sua vida diante da morte do ensino presencial é mais do que uma técnica de governamento e sim uma prática de composição de subjetividades. É no espaço da narrativa que buscamos enxergar a escrita como processo de subjetivação e de prática de si que autorize que esse sujeito encontre seu espaço de liberdade, resistindo aos poderes disciplinares e biopolíticos da sociedade moderna. Assim, entre as fissuras tramamos abrir brechas por outros modos de subjetivações que nos coloque a conviver com o mundo e o incontrolável em meio ao professorar.

Study on the use of Artemia salina as bioindicator in the ecotoxicological evaluation of landfill leachate

Landfill leachate deserves special attention because it presents itself as a potentially polluting liquid that can attack nearby natural resources if it is not carefully treated and disposed of in a controlled manner, or it may be reused in other activities. The present work had the objective of evaluating the toxicity of untreated landfill leachate on the test organism A. salina. The physical chemical characterization of the landfill leachate for the presence of metals and salts was performed according to the methodology proposed by the American Public Health Association - APHA (2005). After hatching, about 10 nauples of A. salina were transferred to 15 x 150 mm test tubes containing 10 mL (saline water and the landfill leach to be tested). Seven treatments with four replicates were used. The LC5048h of the landfill leachate used in the present study was mathematically obtained in the dose with 28.4% of leachate. The parameters of salinity, ammonia and sulfates are directly related to the value of the LC5048h