ESCLARECENDO DÚVIDAS RELACIONADAS A COLETA, CONSERVAÇÃO E TRANSPORTE DE URINA DESTINADA PARA EXAME LABORATORIAL

Urine collection is a very painstaking step, because if there is a poor procedure in this phase, as well as: insufficient hygiene, collection error, poor material conditioning and delay in the transportation of the material to the laboratory, will directly influence the final result of the sample and consequently generate false-positive or false-negative results. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the main doubts on the part of the patients regarding the uroculture examination. METHODS: The bibliographical survey was performed through the Internet through the Virtual Health Library (VHL), LILACS (Latin American Literature in Health Science) and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). In the data search the following descriptors were used to refine the sample: "Uroculture", "Urinary infection" and "EAS". The inclusion criteria for the selection of the sample were: temporal dimension between 2010 and 2017 and that approached the theme. We excluded articles that did not include the objective of the study, which were published before 2010. RESULTS: It was observed that of the fourteen articles analyzed, all cited information related to the diagnosis, causes and treatments for urinary infections. However, twelve of the fourteen (85.71%) did not discuss ways or protocols that would assist the patient in the preanalytic phase, which incurs the collection, storage and transport of the material to be analyzed. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is necessary to implement activities that aim at the training and education of all the professionals involved in the processes that precede the analysis of the material. We conclude that pre-analytical errors will always exist, but they can be minimized with the support of quality control strategies adopted by everyone working in the clinical laboratory.A coleta de urina é uma etapa minuciosa, pois se ocorrer mal procedimento nessa fase, bem como: higiene insuficiente, erro de coleta, mal acondicionamento do material e demora no transporte do material até o laboratório, influenciará diretamente no resultado final da amostra e por consequência, gerar resultados falsos-positivos ou falsos-negativos. OBJETIVO: Analisar as principais dúvidas por parte dos pacientes no que diz respeito ao exame de urocultura. MÉTODOS: O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado pela internet por meio da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciência de Saúde) e SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online). Na busca dos dados foram utilizados os seguintes descritores para refinamento da amostra: “Urocultura”, “Infecção urinária” e “EAS”. Os critérios de inclusão para a seleção da amostra foram: dimensão temporal entre 2010 e 2017 e que abordassem a temática. Foram excluídos artigos que não contemplavam o objetivo do estudo, os que foram publicados antes de 2010. RESULTADOS: Foi observado que dos quatorze artigos analisados, todos citaram informações relacionadas ao diagnóstico, causas e tratamentos para as infecções urinárias. Todavia, doze dos quatorze (85,71%) não abordaram maneiras ou protocolos que auxiliassem o paciente na fase pré-analítica, a qual incorre a coleta, armazenamento e transporte do material a ser analisado. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Faz-se necessária a implantação de atividades que visam a formação, educação de todos os profissionais envolvidos nos processos que antecedem a análise do material. Conclui-se que os erros pré-analíticos sempre vão existir, porém eles podem ser minimizados com o apoio de estratégias de controle de qualidade adotados por todos que trabalham no laboratório clínico

Revisiting the fossil group candidates UGC 842 and NGC 6034

We present a new insight on NGC 6034 and UGC 842, two groups of galaxies previously reported in the literature as being fossil groups. The study is based on optical photometry and spectroscopy obtained with the CTIO Blanco telescope and Sloan Digital Sky Survey archival data. We find that NGC 6034 is embedded in a large structure, dominated by three rich clusters and other small groups. Its first and next four ranked galaxies have magnitude differences in the r band and projected distances which violate the optical criteria to classify it as a fossil group. We confirm that the UGC 842 group is a fossil group, but with about half the velocity dispersion that is reported in previous works. The velocity distribution of its galaxies reveals the existence of two structures in its line of sight, one with sigmaV ~ 223 km/s and another with sigmaV ~ 235 km/s, with a difference in velocity of ~820 km/s. The main structure is dominated by passive galaxies, while these represent ~60% of the second structure. The X-ray temperature for the intragroup medium of a group with such a velocity dispersion is expected to be kT ~0.5-1 keV, against the observed value of kT ~1.9 keV reported in the literature. This result makes UGC 842 a special case among fossil groups because (1) it represents more likely the interaction between two small groups, which warms the intragroup medium and/or (2) it could constitute evidence that member galaxies lost energy in the process of spiraling toward the group center, and decreased the velocity dispersion of the system. As far as we know, UGC 842 is the first low-mass fossil group studied in detail.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figures, published in A

Solitons in Ideal Optical Fibers - A Numerical Development

This work developed a numerical procedure for a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) describing the propagation of solitons in ideal optical fibers. The validation of the procedure was implemented from the numerical comparison between the known analytical solutions of the PDEs system and those obtained by using the numerical procedure developed. It was discovered that the procedure, based on the finite difference method and relaxation Gauss-Seidel method, was adequate in describing the propagation of soliton waves in ideals optical fibers.Comment: Article accepted for publication in Semina: Ci\^encias Exatas e Tecnol\'ogica

Pesquisa de criptococose em cães atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil

A criptococose, micose causada por espécies encapsuladas do gênero Cryptococcus, acomete o homem e vários animais, podendo ocorrer em indivíduos imunocompetentes, mas freqüentemente está associada a um estado de comprometimento imunológico. A via mais freqüente de contaminação por esta levedura é a inalatória. Foi pesquisada a ocorrência do Cryptococcus em cães com sintomatologia respiratória e/ou neurológica, atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). A amostragem foi composta por 112 cães. O exame direto foi realizado em apenas 17 amostras de líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR), e o cultivo em ágar níger (Guizotia abissynica) a 37°C durante dez dias, a partir de secreção nasal (112), sangue total (112) e LCR (n=17). Para a aglutinação em látex (LA), utilizou-se o kit Crypto-LA (Wampole), para testar soro (n=112) e LCR (n=17). O teste também foi realizado com tratamento prévio com pronase em 36 amostras (32 soros e 4 LCR). Os resultados dos exames direto, cultivo e LA foram negativos para o Cryptococcus em todas as amostras testadas. Apesar da negatividade dos resultados desta amostragem, é plausível a expectativa da ocorrência da infecção pelo Cryptococcus posto que, existe uma população canina cons tantemente exposta ao risco de se contaminarem com propágulos fúngicos, presentes nos excrementos de pombos que coabitam, em grande número, na região de abrangência do estudo

Polish device for FOCCoS/PFS slit system

The Fiber Optical Cable and Connector System, FOCCoS, for the Prime Focus Spectrograph, PFS, is responsible for transporting light from the Subaru Telescope focal plane to a set of four spectrographs. Each spectrograph will be fed by a convex curved slit with 616 optical fibers organized in a linear arrangement. The slit frontal surface is covered with a special dark composite, made with refractory oxide, which is able to sustain its properties with minimum quantities of abrasives during the polishing process; this stability is obtained This stability is obtained by the detachment of the refractory oxide nanoparticles, which then gently reinforce gently the polishing process and increase its the efficiency. The surface roughness measured in several samples after high performance polishing was about 0.01 microns. Furthermore, the time for obtaining a polished surface with this quality is about 10 times less than the time required for polishing a brass, glass or ceramic surface of the same size. In this paper, we describe the procedure developed for high quality polishing of this type of slit. The cylindrical polishing described here, uses cylindrical concave metal bases on which glass paper is based. The polishing process consists to use grid sequences of 30 microns, 12 microns, 9 microns, 5 microns, 3 microns, 1 micron and, finally, a colloidal silica on a chemical cloth. To obtain the maximum throughput, the surface of the fibers should be polished in such a way that they are optically flat and free from scratches. The optical fibers are inspected with a microscope at all stages of the polishing process to ensure high quality. The efficiency of the process may be improved by using a cylindrical concave composite base as a substrate suitable for diamond liquid solutions. Despite this process being completely by hand, the final result shows a very high quality

Production and evaluation of albino mutants of Sporothrix schenckii

Melanin is an important factor intrinsically related to the virulence of the Sporothrix schenckii. Mutant albino conidia are usually used as inoculants for the evaluation of the properties of melanin in experimental models for the study of sporotrichosis. The goals of this study were to analyze the presence of melanin in S. schenckii conidia, and to produce and evaluate mutant albino forms of S. Schenckii conidia. Four distinct isolates were cultured in PDA, supplemented or not with triciclazole, and in YEPD. A portion of the samples was exposed to 300 ergs/mm2 of UV radiation to generate mutants albino forms. Following the incubation, cultures were analyzed, CFU were determined, and fragments were removed for the ultrastructural analysis, to be cultured once more in YEPD e BHI. Albino colonies were exposed to visible light; all S. schenckii isolates produced melanin, and survival and viability were 66% and 96% for albino conidia. Melanin granules were visible in the cell wall of pigmented conidia, but not in albino conidia. All conidia reverted to both the pigmented and the yeast forms, and albino colonies photoreactivated. All isolates analyzed in this study generated DHN melanin. Moreover, despite the exposure to UV radiation (300 ergs/mm2) being lethal to a significant portion of the colonies, the viability and conversions to the pigmented and yeast forms in surviving colonies did not appear to be affected. Also, albino colonies photoreactivated upon exposure to visible light

PROCESSOS DE CAPACITAÇÃO DE GESTORES E PROFISSIONAIS NA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA ESTRATÉGIA E-SUS ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA

Objective: To analyze the training processes of managers for the implementation of the e-SUS Primary Care strategy in municipalities in Minas Gerais. Method: Data collection took place by sending an online websurvey questionnaire to the managers responsible for implementing the strategy in the selected municipalities. Results: Data were processed using the statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.0. A total of 114 municipalities in Minas participated in the study, about 71.9% of them said they were trained to perform the function and in 52.6% of the municipalities training activities were not carried out for the adoption/use of the systems for professionals. The process of implementing the e-SUS Primary Care strategy in Minas Gerais, despite the evolutions, presents weaknesses in the qualification process of professionals who use the systems. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish solid and structured qualification processes that meet the precepts of permanent educationObjetivo: Analizar los procesos de formación de gestores para la implementación de la estrategia e-SUS de Atención Primaria en municipios de Minas Gerais. Método: La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante el envío de un cuestionario de encuesta en línea a los gerentes responsables de implementar la estrategia en los municipios seleccionados. Resultados: Los datos fueron procesados ​​con el programa estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21.0. Participaron del estudio 114 municipios de Minas, de los cuales cerca del 71,9% dijeron estar capacitados para desempeñar la función y en el 52,6% de los municipios no hubo actividades de capacitación para la adopción/uso de los sistemas para profesionales. El proceso de implementación de la estrategia de Atención Primaria e-SUS en Minas Gerais, a pesar de las evoluciones, presenta debilidades en el proceso de calificación de los profesionales que utilizan los sistemas. Conclusión: Es necesario establecer procesos de calificación sólidos y estructurados que respondan a los preceptos de la educación continuaObjetivo: analisar processos de capacitação de gestores e profissionais de saúde na implementação da estratégia e-SUS Atenção Primária em municípios de Minas Gerais. Método: foram enviados questionários on-line, do tipo websurvey, aos gestores responsáveis pela implantação da estratégia nos municípios selecionados; os dados foram processados com auxílio do software estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 21.0. Resultados: participaram do estudo gestores de 114 municípios mineiros. Cerca de 71,9% deles afirmaram ter participado de processos de capacitação para desempenho da função, e em 52,6% dos municípios não foram realizados treinamentos para adoção/utilização dos sistemas aos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: o processo de implementação da estratégia e-SUS Atenção Primária em Minas Gerais, apesar das evoluções, apresenta fragilidades na adoção de processos de capacitação dos profissionais que utilizam os sistemas. Descritores: Sistemas de Informação em Saúde. Atenção Primária à Saúde. Tecnologia da Informação. Capacitação em Serviço. Capacitação Profissional

The luminosity function of the fossil group RX J1552.2+2013

We determine the first fossil group luminosity function based on spectroscopy of the member galaxies. The fossil group RX J1552.2+2013 has 36 confirmed members, it is at a mean redshift of 0.136 and has a velocity dispersion of 623 km/s (or 797 km/s if four emission lines galaxies in the outskirts of the velocity distribution are included). The luminosity function of RX J1552.2+2013, measured within the inner region of the system ~1/3 R_vir), in the range -23.5< M_i'<-17.5, is well fitted by a Schechter function with M*i'=-21.3 +/- 0.4 and alpha = -0.6 +/- 0.3 or a Gaussian function centered on M_i'= -20.0 +/- 0.4 and with sigma=1.29 +/- 0.24 i' mag. (H_0 = 70 km/s Mpc, Omega_M=0.3, Omega_Lambda=0.7. The luminosity function obtained from a photometric survey in g', r', i'-bands (and statistical background correction) confirms the spectroscopically determined results. There is a significant dip in the luminosity function at M_r'=-18 mag, as also observed for other clusters. RX~J1552.2+2013 is a rich, strongly red-galaxy dominated system, with at least 19 galaxies with magnitudes between m_3 and m_3 + 2, within a surveyed circular area of radius 625 kpc centered on the peak of the x-ray emission. Its mass, ~3.0 10^14 M_0, M/L of 507 M_sol/L_B_sol and L_X of 6.3 10^43 ergs/s (bolometric) are more representative of a fossil cluster than of a fossil group. The central object of RX J1552.2+2013 is a cD galaxy which may have accreted the more luminous ~L* former members of the group. Although dynamical friction and subsequent merging are probably the processes responsible for the lack of bright galaxies in the system, for the fainter members, there must be another mechanism in action (perhaps tidal disruption) to deplete the fossil group from intermediate-luminosity galaxies M_r' ~ -18.Comment: 14 pages, 7 Figures. accepted by A