Efeito antinociceptivo do tratamento oral com o alcaloide aporfínico estefalagina: envolvimento de receptores TRPs

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Condições dolorosas agudas e crônicas ainda são de difícil tratamento e a busca por novas estratégias terapêuticas a partir do estudo de produtos de origem natural mostra-se como uma boa alternativa, pois são utilizados no tratamento de diversas doenças e são considerados importantes fontes de investigação de novos fármacos. Produtos naturais, entre eles alcaloides, possuem um grande potencial analgésico. Neste sentido, um estudo recente demonstrou que um alcaloide aporfínico apresentava efeitos analgésicos por interagir com Receptores de Potencial Transitório (TRPs), em especial os TRPV1 (vanilóide) e TRPA1 (anquirina). Os canais TRPV1 e TRPA1 são receptores polimodais que respondem a diferentes estímulos, são expressos em células não neuronais e neurônios sensoriais periféricos, e sua ativação está envolvida com a modulação de dor e inflamação. Assim, o presente trabalho avaliou o possível efeito antinociceptivo de um novo alcaloide aporfínico, a estefalagina, isolado da Annona crassiflora Mart, e sua possível interação com receptores TRP em camundongos. Para tanto, os animais foram submetidos a uma injeção intra-plantar (20 uL) do agonista TRPV1 capsaicina (1,6 µg), ou do agonista TRPA1 cinamaldeído (1,3 µg), ou de formalina (2,5%), e tratados ou não com a estefalagina (1 mg/kg, via oral, 1 h antes das injeções i.pl.). Os animais foram observados quanto ao desenvolvimento de respostas nociceptivas (lambida de pata). Além disso, foi realizado um ensaio de influxo de Ca estimulado pela aplicação de capsaicina, em amostras de sinaptossoma de medula espinhal tratados ou não com estefalagina. Foi observado que o tratamento com a estefalagina é capaz de reduzir a nocicepção causada pela administração i.pl. dos agonistas dos receptores TRPA1 e TRPV1, e ainda da formalina. Foi observado ainda que a estefalagina é capaz de reduzir o influxo de Ca++ induzido pela aplicação de capsaicina. Os resultados sugerem que a estefalagina possa ser promissora para desenvolvimento de novas drogas analgésicas, e sua possível interação com receptores TRP deve ser melhor investigada

The Patenting of Products and Processes Used for the Treatment of Smoke Inhalation

Intellectual property enables the transformation of knowledge in principle and the link between knowledge and the market. The right of exclusivity guaranteed by the patent refers to the right to interfere with other products and use and sell a patented invention. On the other hand, access to the public is made available on the knowledge of the essential points and as those that characterize a novelty does not exist. Patent registries, because they are available in open access databases, are great bases of technological knowledge, which can be used in research in several areas, among them smoke inhalation treatments. Inhalation injury is the leading cause of death in burn patients and is usually caused by the uninhibited absorption of smoke, which has an extremely toxic effect on the respiratory system. The physiopathology of inhalation injury covers multiple factors, and the injured respiratory system may present deterioration in a few hours. Respiratory distress is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients affected by fire incidents. The search for suitable treatments for inhalation injury is continuing, and the treatments used for smoke inhalation are discussed

Isolated total RNA and protein are preserved after thawing for more than twenty-four hours

OBJECTIVE: The preservation of biological samples at a low temperature is important for later biochemical and/or histological analyses. However, the molecular viability of thawed samples has not been studied sufficiently in depth. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the viability of intact tissues, tissue homogenates, and isolated total RNA after defrosting for more than twenty-four hours. METHODS: The molecular viability of the thawed samples (n = 82) was assessed using the A260/A280 ratio, the RNA concentration, the RNA integrity, the level of intact mRNA determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the protein level determined by Western blotting, and an examination of the histological structure. RESULTS: The integrity of the total RNA was not preserved in the thawed intact tissue, but the RNA integrity and level of mRNA were perfectly preserved in isolated defrosted samples of total RNA. Additionally, the level of β-actin protein was preserved in both thawed intact tissue and homogenates. CONCLUSION: Isolated total RNA does not undergo degradation due to thawing for at least 24 hours, and it is recommended to isolate the total RNA as soon as possible after tissue collection. Moreover, the protein level is preserved in defrosted tissues

Evaluation of the potential of volcanic rock waste from southern Brazil as a natural soil fertilizer

This study was developed to evaluate the chemical and mineralogical properties of acid volcanic rock waste from mining activities by measuring the availability of macronutrients and micronutrients in Milli-Q water, and in acidic solutions to evaluate the potential use of this type of waste as natural soil fertilizers. The sample used in this work was obtained from a company of the mining district of Nova Prata, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Petrographic studies using conventional optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope allowed to define the mineral composition of in powder wastes as being comprised mainly by pyroxene, feldspar, and variable contents of amorphous glass in matrix. The primary oxides detected in the samples by X-ray Fluorescence were calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, iron oxide, and with concentration minor potassium oxide, and phosphorus oxide. Several important nutrients were transferred into the acidic solutions, indicating the significant potential and feasibility of these wastes to be effectively used as natural fertilizers. This study is of great relevance to the sector of mining and to agriculture in the region because it can create an alternative disposal treatment for tailings, and improve the environmental sustainability of local farms, thereby avoiding excessive chemical fertilizer consumption

DIVULGAÇÃO DA ASTRONOMIA

O projeto de extensão Divulgação da Astronomia criado em 2018, tem o objetivo de disseminar e expandir os conhecimentos astronômicos e astrofísicos pela sociedade acadêmica, dentro e fora do Instituto Federal Catarinense campus Concórdia. De forma generalizada, é possível afirmar que a astronomia conta com admiração e prestígio de grande parte da população, além de despertar fascínio inigualável por suas incertezas e grandiosidades. Por conta disso, o projeto com o auxílio de seus integrantes (70 voluntários, 4 professores orientadores e 1 bolsista) visa fornecer informações de forma compartilhada, com reuniões semanais, onde são realizadas apresentações com cerca de 20 minutos sobre assuntos relevantes na área, discussões e saneamento de dúvidas, desmistificação de ideias de senso comum, oportunidade de conhecer, observar e aprender com telescópios, além da participação anual dos estudantes do IFC-Concórdia da Olimpíada Brasileira de Astronomia e Astronáutica (OBA), onde diversos alunos da instituição já foram contemplados com medalhas e menções honrosas. Divulgando o conhecimento para além do instituto sediado, alunos voluntários concebem palestras informativas sobre temas relevantes e curiosos para escolas da rede pública, almejando o alcance da informação para docentes e discentes que pouco tiveram acesso ao tema, independente da situação socioeconômica e cultural dos indivíduos, despertando igualmente o prazer e o interesse pela ciência. Para melhor acessibilidade, o projeto conta com vídeos e palestras traduzidos simultaneamente em libras, por uma professora profissional na área, atitude que garante maior inclusão do público surdo, levando o projeto a realizar apresentações na APAS Concórdia, a associação de surdos da cidade, no ano de 2023, ação inovadora e de importante cunho social. Como o projeto é aberto para que todos que tiverem interesse possam participar, ocorre uma democratização do acesso ao conhecimento científico, baseando-se em explicações claras e objetivas para que todos possam compreender com facilidade sobre o céu, o Universo e, intrinsecamente ligado a isso, sobre nossa própria existência no planeta Terra

Times of Application of Boron in Irrigated Rice Genotypes in Tropical Varzeas

Boron is an important micronutrient for all vegetables, being part of several metabolic functions within cells. Rice stands out as a staple food for more than half the world’s population and requires small amounts of boron. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of boron application at different times in the culture of irrigated rice in the conditions of the floodplains in the Southwest of the State of Tocantins. The experiment was installed at Fazenda Santa Rita, municipality of Lagoa da Confusão-TO in the 2015/2016 harvest, in bands, with a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions. The dose of 3.0 kg ha −1 of boron was applied, in the form of borax, via leaf, in four seasons. WereFour lowland rice cultivars (IRGA-424, IRGA-424 RI, IRGA-425, and IRGA-426) were used. The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, number of panicles, spikelet sterility, the mass of one hundred grains, grain yield, whole grains, and grain yield. Boron resulted in higher productivity. The highest yields were achieved with borate fertilization at 60 and 75 days after emergence. The genotypes IRGA-424 RI and IRGA-425 proved to be more efficient in the use of boron, is recommended at any time of application of the micronutrient

Isolated total RNA and protein are preserved after thawing for more than twenty-four hours

OBJECTIVE: The preservation of biological samples at a low temperature is important for later biochemical and/or histological analyses. However, the molecular viability of thawed samples has not been studied sufficiently in depth. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the viability of intact tissues, tissue homogenates, and isolated total RNA after defrosting for more than twenty-four hours. METHODS: The molecular viability of the thawed samples (n = 82) was assessed using the A260/A280 ratio, the RNA concentration, the RNA integrity, the level of intact mRNA determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the protein level determined by Western blotting, and an examination of the histological structure. RESULTS: The integrity of the total RNA was not preserved in the thawed intact tissue, but the RNA integrity and level of mRNA were perfectly preserved in isolated defrosted samples of total RNA. Additionally, the level of beta-actin protein was preserved in both thawed intact tissue and homogenates. CONCLUSION: Isolated total RNA does not undergo degradation due to thawing for at least 24 hours, and it is recommended to isolate the total RNA as soon as possible after tissue collection. Moreover, the protein level is preserved in defrosted tissues

Inflammasome activation is critical to the protective immune response during chemically induced squamous cell carcinoma

Chronic inflammation affects most stages of tumorigenesis, including initiation, promotion, malignant differentiation, invasion and metastasis. Inflammasomes have been described as involved with persistent inflammation and are known to exert both pro and antitumour effects. We evaluated the influence of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase (CASP)-1 in the antitumor immune response using a multistage model of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development. Absence of ASC and CASP-1 resulted in an earlier incidence and increased number of papilloma. Loss of inflammassome function in mice resulted in decreased presence of natural killer (NK), dendritic (DC), CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RB+ T cells in the tumor lesions as well as in lymph nodes (LN) compared with WT mice. Increased percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells was associated with association with inflammasome loss of function. Moreover, significant differences were also found with neutrophils and macrophage infiltrating the lesions. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), but not elastase (ELA), activity oscillated among the groups during the SCC development. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and Interferon (IFN)-γ were decreased in the tumor microenvironment in the absence of inflammasome proteins. These observations suggest a link between inflammasome function and SCC tumorigenesis, indicating an important role for inflammasome activation in the control of SCC development.Fil: Gasparoto, Thais Helena. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; BrasilFil: Ervolino de Oliveira, Carine. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; BrasilFil: Thomazini de Freitas, Luisa. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; BrasilFil: Ramos Pinheiro, Claudia. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; BrasilFil: Issa Hori, Juliana. University of São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; BrasilFil: Pompermaier Garlet, Gustavo. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; BrasilFil: Cavassani, Karen Angélica. University Of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Schillaci, Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Santana Da Silva, Joao. University of São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; BrasilFil: Simmões Zamboni, Darío. University of São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; BrasilFil: Campanelli, Ana Paula. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Brasi

REPLANTEANDO LA FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL EN SALUD: EXPERIENCIAS DE LA ESTÁGIO NACIONAL DE EXTENSÃO EM COMUNIDADE (ENEC) EN TERRITORIOS QUILOMBOLAS DE BAHIA

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência de participantes e organizadoras(es) do Estágio Nacional de Extensão em Comunidade (ENEC), realizado em comunidades quilombolas do sudoeste baiano em dezembro de 2017, enfocando o processo de formação em saúde a partir deste. As vivências foram descritas em relatórios e para sistematização utilizamos a proposta metodológica de Holliday. Os resultados foram divididos em três categorias: história, identidade e organização comunitária; representação e necessidades de saúde da população quilombola; e educação popular como estratégia de formação em saúde. O que se apresenta é um potente processo reflexivo na formação em saúde de participantes, que se estende para seus cenários de formação e prática longitudinalmente. O estágio de vivência em comunidade se mostra uma importante prática pedagógica de articulação entre saber popular e acadêmico e busca da decolonialidade do processo formativo.This paper aims to report the experiences of the Estágio Nacional de Extensão em Comunidade participants and organizers, which occurred in quilombola communities situated in Southwest Bahia State, in December of 2017, focusing on the health education process that took place with it. The experiences were systematized in reports written by the participants after the practical step of the internship, which were used as a basis for the construction of the present paper. The results were separated into three categories: history, identity and community organization; quilombola community’s health representations and needs; and popular education as a strategy for health education. What is seen is a potent reflexive process in the participant’s health education, which is extended to their education and practice scenes longitudinally. The community experience presents itself as an important pedagogical practice for popular and academic knowledge articulation and searches for the decolonization of the formative process.Ese artículo tiene como objetivo reportar la experiencia de participantes y organizadoras(es) de la Estágio Nacional de Extensão em Comunidade, realizado en las comunidades quilombolas del sur oeste bahiano  enfocando el proceso de formación en salud a partir de este. Las vivencias fueron descritas en informes y para la sistematización utilizamos la propuesta metodológica de Holliday. Los resultados fueron divididos en tres categorías: historia, identidad y organización comunitaria; representación y necesidades de salud de la población quilombola; y educación popular como estrategia de formación en salud. Lo que se presenta es un poderoso proceso reflexivo en la formación en salud de los participantes, que se estendie para tus escenarios de formación y práctica longitudinalmente. El pasantía de vivencia en la comunidad muestra-se una importante práctica pedagógica de articulación entre los saberes popular y académico así como  la búsqueda de la decolonialidad del proceso formativo