Produção e acúmulo de serapilheira em áreas de restauração florestal no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of litter and litterfall as ecological indicators in three sites in restoration process located in Ivinhema, Jateí and Caarapó – Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, after 12, 13 and 16 years of implantation, respectively. The objective was also to obtain Pearson's simple linear correlation) between monthly litterfall with environmental variables of rainfall and air temperature. To litterfall sampling, 15 litter traps were used (0.80 m x 0.80 m) and, for litter sampling, six collections were carried out in each restoration site, in December 2016, using a frame (0.64 m2). The samples were separated into three components: leaves, twigs, reproductive material (flowers and fruits). The high litter amount, in the three sites evaluated (Ivinhema 9.4 Mg ha-1; Jatéi 5.5 Mg ha-1; and Caarapó 7.1 Mg ha-1), demonstrates the importance of litterfall and litter as an indicator for the stages initial succession in restored forests. There were weak correlations between litter and environmental variables, being negative for air temperature and positive for rainfall.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of litter and litterfall as ecological indicators in three sites in restoration process located in Ivinhema, Jateí and Caarapó – Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, after 12, 13 and 16 years of implantation, respectively. The objective was also to obtain Pearson's simple linear correlation) between monthly litterfall with environmental variables of rainfall and air temperature. To litterfall sampling, 15 litter traps were used (0.80 m x 0.80 m) and, for litter sampling, six collections were carried out in each restoration site, in December 2016, using a frame (0.64 m2). The samples were separated into three components: leaves, twigs, reproductive material (flowers and fruits). The high litter amount, in the three sites evaluated (Ivinhema 9.4 Mg ha-1; Jatéi 5.5 Mg ha-1; and Caarapó 7.1 Mg ha-1), demonstrates the importance of litterfall and litter as an indicator for the stages initial succession in restored forests. There were weak correlations between litter and environmental variables, being negative for air temperature and positive for rainfall.Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o potencial da serapilheira produzida e acumulada como indicadores ecológicos em três áreas em processo de restauração, localizadas em Ivinhema, Jateí e Caarapó – Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, após 12, 13 e 16 anos de implantação, respectivamente. Objetivou-se também obter a correlação linear simples de Pearson entre a produção mensal de serapilheira com variáveis ambientais de precipitação pluviométrica e temperatura do ar. Para coleta da serapilheira produzida foram utilizados 15 coletores (0,80 m x 0,80 m) e, para a quantificação da serapilheira acumulada foram realizadas seis coletas em cada área de restauração, no mês de dezembro de 2016, com gabarito (0,64 m2). As amostras foram separadas em três frações folhas, galhos, material reprodutivo (flores e frutos). A elevada produção de serapilheira, nas três áreas avaliadas (Ivinhema 9,4 Mg ha-1; Jatéi 5,5 Mg ha-1; e Caarapó 7,1 Mg ha-1), demonstra a importância da serapilheira, produzida e acumulada, como indicadora para os estágios iniciais de sucessão em florestas restauradas. Houve fracas correlações entre a produção de serapilheira e as variáveis ambientais, sendo negativa para a temperatura do ar e positiva para precipitação pluviométrica

ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Morinda citrifolia NO CONTROLE DA CIGARRINHA DO MILHO E EFEITO FITOTÓXICO

The high socioeconomic value of corn (Zea mays L.) and the need to increase productivity have driven the growth of cultivable areas, which has generated major challenges in the phytosanitary control of crops. The corn smut complex, transmitted by the corn rootworm (Dalbulus maidis) is responsible for significant losses in productivity and management techniques capable of reducing the severity of the damage caused by the insect are still scarce. Also, in view of the attempt of containment and the use of pesticides in large scale that have generated concern by the numerous risks and adverse effects. With this, this work aimed to evaluate the potential of the essential oil (EO) of noni (Morinda citrifolia) as an alternative control of the corn leafhopper and evaluate its phytotoxic effect. For this, the plants and leafhoppers were submitted to the EO by contact, being the toxicity on the leafhopper observed through the mortality of the insects. The Noni EO demonstrated insecticidal potential, selectivity on non-target organisms and was not toxic to plants.El alto valor socioeconómico del maíz (Zea mays L.) y la necesidad de aumentar la productividad han impulsado el crecimiento de las áreas cultivables, lo que ha generado grandes retos en el control fitosanitario de los cultivos. El complejo del tizón del maíz, transmitido por el gusano de la raíz del maíz (Dalbulus maidis), es responsable de importantes pérdidas de productividad y las técnicas de gestión capaces de reducir la gravedad de los daños causados por el insecto son aún escasas. Asimismo, ante el intento de contención y el uso de pesticidas a gran escala que han generado preocupación por los numerosos riesgos y efectos adversos. Con ello, este trabajo pretendía evaluar el potencial del aceite esencial (AE) de noni (Morinda citrifolia) como alternativa de control de la chicharrita del maíz, y evaluar su efecto fitotóxico. Para ello, las plantas y las chicharritas fueron sometidas al EO por contacto, observándose la toxicidad sobre la chicharrita a través de la mortalidad de los insectos. El AE de noni demostró potencial insecticida y no era tóxico para las plantas.O elevado valor socioeconômico do milho (Zea mays L.) e a necessidade de aumento da produtividade impulsionaram o crescimento das áreas cultiváveis, o que tem gerado grandes desafios no controle fitossanitário das lavouras. O complexo de enfezamento, transmitida pela cigarrinha do milho (Dalbulus maidis) é responsável por perdas significativas de produtividade e ainda são escassas as técnicas de manejo capazes de reduzir a severidade dos danos causados pelo inseto. Também, tendo em vista a tentativa de contensão e da utilização de pesticidas em larga escala que têm gerado preocupação pelos inúmeros riscos e efeitos adversos. Com isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial do óleo essencial (OE) de noni (Morinda citrifolia) como controle alternativo da cigarrinha do milho e avaliar o seu efeito fitotóxico. Para isso, as plantas e as cigarrinhas foram submetidas ao OE por contato, sendo a toxicidade sobre a cigarrinha, observada por meio da mortalidade dos insetos. O OE de noni demostrou potencial inseticida e não foi tóxico às plantas

A utilização de contraceptivos hormonais por adolescentes e potenciais riscos para a saúde

Reunir informações referentes aos riscos do uso de contraceptivos hormonais por adolescentes. Revisão integrativa da literatura científica dos últimos 10 anos. Incluídos os estudos sobre uso de anticoncepcional por adolescentes e os riscos associados. Estratégia de busca baseou-se na combinação dos descritores “adolescente”, “saúde do adolescente”, “anticoncepção”, “fatores de risco” e “efeitos adversos” e seus respectivos mesh terms resultando em 73 artigos. Aplicando-se critérios de exclusão, restaram 22 artigos que foram analisados e agrupados em quadros. A literatura nacional e internacional menciona os métodos contraceptivos hormonais como seguros para uso por adolescentes porém ressaltam riscos cardiovasculares, alterações em gestações futuras e prejuízos ao sistema osteomuscular observados nas amostras estudadas, entre outros. A utilização de contracepção hormonal em adolescentes necessita de atenção e manejo cuidadoso para avaliação dos riscos e benefícios. Mais estudos abordando essa temática devem ser realizados para melhor esclarecimento sobre o assunto. Palavras-chave: Adolescente; saúde do adolescente; anticoncepção; fatores de risc

Cuidados em saúde bucal em comunidades vivendo em vulnerabilidade social: Relato de um projeto de extensão universitária / Oral health care in communities living in social vulnerability: Report of a university extension project

A atividade de extensão universitária em saúde bucal tem como papel primordial, utilizar-se da educação em saúde e de recursos práticos para conscientizar e modificar a realidade da população assistida. O trabalho apresentado trás como objetivo principal descrever práticas executadas em um projeto de extensão universitária, desenvolvido por professores e alunos da disciplina de Saúde Coletiva do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Alagoas, em uma Organização Não Governamental (ONG) que assiste às crianças, seus familiares e comunidade local em situação de vulnerabilidade social. As medidas em ações adotadas pela equipe foram relacionadas a prevenção com orientação em higiene bucal, palestras, dinâmicas e tratamento odontológico minimamente invasivo, de um modo a atenuar a maior parte dos problemas encontrados de saúde bucal dos pacientes que foram atendidos. Também foram planejadas e realizadas na comunidade atividades visando uma maior integração no cuidado ao sujeito, em parceria com diversos profissionais, preconizando a interdisciplinaridade. O projeto propiciou ricas experiências aos discentes envolvidos, como resultado dos serviços prestados à comunidade ao promover saúde e conhecimento; sendo esse feedback contribuinte para enriquecer o currículo, fortalecendo a relação entre serviço e ensino, com a capacidade de impactar positivamente a realidade social da população. 

Safety profile, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of a nanostructured lipid carrier containing oil and butter from Astrocaryum vulgare: in vitro studies

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare)is a fruit native to the Amazon region. Extracts from the peel and pulp are thought of as promising treatments for bacterial infections. The primary constituents of Tucumã oil and butter possess unsaturated carbon chains that are susceptible to oxidation by light or heat. The oils have high volatility and low aqueous solubility that limits their use without a vehicle. Nanotechnology refers to techniques to solve these problems. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), for example, protect fixed oils degradation by heat or light, as well as from oxidation and evaporation, ensuring greater stability and function, thereby prolonging the useful life of the final product. Study objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of an NLC containing Tucumã butter and oil soasto improve the solubility and photosensitivity of the compounds, generating better pharmacological efficacy. Materials and methods: The NLC was assessed for stability for 60 days. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in peripheral blood mononucleated cells was determined in culture using assays for cell viability, DNA damage, oxidative metabolism and damage to human erythrocytes. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the broth microdilution technique and antibiofilm activity according to standardized protocols. Results: The Tucumã NLC remained stable throughout the evaluated period, with pH between 5.22–5.35, monodisperse distribution (PDI<0.3) and average particle size of 170.7 ± 3nm. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the NLC is safe and modulates inflammatory processes, demonstrated by increased cell viability and nitric oxide levels. There was low hemolytic activity of the NLC against human erythrocytes almost concentrations tested. Conclusion: Taken together, the data suggest that NLC containing Tucumã oil and butter showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against organisms that cause morbidity and mortality in humans. They may be alternative solutions to public health problems related to bacterial infections

Epidemiology of Canine Mammary Gland Tumours in Espírito Santo, Brazil

Background: Breast tumours represent about 50 to 70% of all neoplasms in female dogs and their occurrence is directly related to the reproductive status and patient´s age. The purpose of this research was to apply the Brazilian consensus on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine mammary tumours and to and define the regional epidemiological aspects of canine mammary gland tumours in Vitoria metropolitan region (ES, Brazil) between 2012 and 2016 and to correlate the macroscopic characteristics such as lesion size and location of the neoplasm with histopathological diagnosis, tumours grade and lymph node metastasis.Materials, Methods & Results: Data were collected from the archives of the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of UVV and the clinical files of the patients seen in the Veterinary Hospital Prof. Ricardo Alexandre Hippler in 5 years (2012 to 2016). The animals were separated into groups by age to facilitate classification in the group with the highest occurrence of neoplasms. The evaluation of the macroscopic characteristics was performed through the histopathological record described in the pathology laboratory, for each patient, at the time of the initial evaluation. After descriptive analysis, data was correlated using Spearmann test, and frequency dispersion was evaluated using chi-square test, both in the software Graph Pad Prism v. 6.01. This study included 255 bitches and diagnosis of 486 lesions, once 48.6% of the dogs had more than one lesion. 86.8% of lesions were consistent with actual mammary neoplasms, of which 67% were malignant and 20% were benign. Non-neoplastic lesions corresponded to 7.2% of cases and 5.8% were extra-mammary neoplasms, with an increased incidence of lipomas (39.3%) and mast cell tumours (32.1%). Cross-breed dogs represented 26.7% of cases. Poodles (25.5%), Pinschers (9.8%) and Dachshund (4.7%) were overrepresented. Among mammary glands, the most affected with 30.8% and 25.4% were for inguinal and caudal abdominal mammary gland, respectively.Regarding the histopathological grade, 43.7% of the malignant mammary gland tumours were grade I, 40% grade II and 16.2% grade III. The neoplasms smaller than 3 cm in diameter, corresponded to 43.7% malignant neoplasms, of which 75 corresponded to grade I. Those larger or equal to 3-5 cm in diameter corresponded to 22.1% malignant neoplasm, of which 31 corresponded to grade II, and those larger than 5 cm in diameter corresponded to 25.8% malignant neoplasms, of which 34 corresponded to grade II. Macroscopic ulceration was reported in 35/486 neoplasms; of these, 85.7% were malignant. Necrosis was evidenced, microscopically in 11.7% of malignant neoplasms and there was a weak, positive correlation between the occurrence of necrosis and ulceration (P < 0.0001; rs = 0.223), which also correlated with tumour size and histological grade. Of these patients, 24.4% had metastases, and of these, 8.8% presented macroscopic abnormalities in the lymph node. Discussion:Older dogs are at higher risk of developing malignant mammary gland tumour when compared to young bitches, most neoplasms with a histopathological grade III occurred in animals older than 10 years, in agreement with the literature. Age increasing might be related to more biologically aggressive mammary gland tumours. Early neutering is commonly recommended to prevent proliferative abnormalities in the mammary glands, but it has been related to several disorders, and neoplasms, in some breeds. Multiple tumours in more than one mammary gland with different histopathological diagnoses among them, isn’t related to multicentric disease or worse prognosis, as also seen in this survey.Among mammary glands, the inguinal and caudal abdominal are often the most affected,as it was observed in this study; however, no differences were observed in the occurrence of malignant neoplasms, benign or non-neoplastic. Background: Breast tumours represent about 50 to 70% of all neoplasms in female dogs and their occurrence is directly related to the reproductive status and patient´s age. The purpose of this research was to apply the Brazilian consensus on diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of canine mammary tumours and to and define the regional epidemiological aspects of canine mammary gland tumours in Vitoria metropolitan region (ES, Brazil) between 2012 and 2016 and to correlate the macroscopic characteristics such as lesion size and location of the neoplasm with histopathological diagnosis, tumours grade and lymph node metastasis.Materials, Methods & Results: Data were collected from the archives of the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of UVV and the clinical files of the patients seen in the Veterinary Hospital Prof. Ricardo Alexandre Hippler in 5 years (2012 to 2016). The animals were separated into groups by age to facilitate classification in the group with the highest occurrence of neoplasms. The evaluation of the macroscopic characteristics was performed through the histopathological record described in the pathology laboratory, for each patient, at the time of the initial evaluation. After descriptive analysis, data was correlated using Spearmann test, and frequency dispersion was evaluated using chi-square test, both in the software Graph Pad Prism v. 6.01. This study included 255 bitches and diagnosis of 486 lesions, once 48.6% of the dogs had more than one lesion. 86.8% of lesions were consistent with actual mammary neoplasms, of which 67% were malignant and 20% were benign. Non-neoplastic lesions corresponded to 7.2% of cases and 5.8% were extra-mammary neoplasms, with an increased incidence of lipomas (39.3%) and mast cell tumours (32.1%). Cross-breed dogs represented 26.7% of cases. Poodles (25.5%), Pinschers (9.8%) and Dachshund (4.7%) were overrepresented. Among mammary glands, the most affected with 30.8% and 25.4% were for inguinal and caudal abdominal mammary gland, respectively.Regarding the histopathological grade, 43.7% of the malignant mammary gland tumours were grade I, 40% grade II and 16.2% grade III. The neoplasms smaller than 3 cm in diameter, corresponded to 43.7% malignant neoplasms, of which 75 corresponded to grade I. Those larger or equal to 3-5 cm in diameter corresponded to 22.1% malignant neoplasm, of which 31 corresponded to grade II, and those larger than 5 cm in diameter corresponded to 25.8% malignant neoplasms, of which 34 corresponded to grade II. Macroscopic ulceration was reported in 35/486 neoplasms; of these, 85.7% were malignant. Necrosis was evidenced, microscopically in 11.7% of malignant neoplasms and there was a weak, positive correlation between the occurrence of necrosis and ulceration (P < 0.0001; rs = 0.223), which also correlated with tumour size and histological grade. Of these patients, 24.4% had metastases, and of these, 8.8% presented macroscopic abnormalities in the lymph node. Discussion:Older dogs are at higher risk of developing malignant mammary gland tumour when compared to young bitches, most neoplasms with a histopathological grade III occurred in animals older than 10 years, in agreement with the literature. Age increasing might be related to more biologically aggressive mammary gland tumours. Early neutering is commonly recommended to prevent proliferative abnormalities in the mammary glands, but it has been related to several disorders, and neoplasms, in some breeds. Multiple tumours in more than one mammary gland with different histopathological diagnoses among them, isn’t related to multicentric disease or worse prognosis, as also seen in this survey.Among mammary glands, the inguinal and caudal abdominal are often the most affected,as it was observed in this study; however, no differences were observed in the occurrence of malignant neoplasms, benign or non-neoplastic

ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO DO SISAL E TECNOLOGIAS CORRELATAS SOB O ENFOQUE EM DOCUMENTOS DE PATENTES DEPOSITADAS NO MUNDO (1965-2011)

O sisal (Agave Sisalana) é uma planta originária do continente norte-americano e das Ilhas Caraíbas. Por sua adaptabilidade climática, o sisal ajustou-se perfeitamente à região semiárida nordestina, sendo um componente importantíssimo na economia agrícola dos principais Estados produtores, sendo de produto de exportação, gerador de divisas. Diante do grande interesse nacional e internacional e das suas novas aplicações, esta pesquisa mostra o estudo de prospecção, avaliando o panorama mundial da proteção de processos e produtos. A China, país que mais possui patentes nessa área, já percebe a importância econômica e tecnológica da aplicação do sisal. O Brasil, maior produtor mundial, possui um número considerável de patentes nessa área, entretanto, novos investimentos devem ser feitos na cadeia produtiva do sisal para aumentar ainda mais sua produção e diversificar a aplicação deste produto através de pesquisas nesse setor

Massagem para alívio da dor em recém-nascidos submetidos a punção: revisão sistemática

Objetivo: Analisar na literatura científica os efeitos da massagem no alívio da dor em recém-nascidos submetidos a punção.Método: Revisão sistemática com meta-análise realizada em outubro de 2020, utilizando as bases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane e Gale. Incluíram-se estudos sem delimitação de recorte temporal, que utilizaram massagem como principal técnica para o alívio da dor neonatal durante a punção. Os dados foram extraídos através de formulários padronizados e a síntese dos resultados ocorreram de forma descritiva.Resultados: Dos 12 estudos incluídos, a massagem foi eficaz no alívio da dor em 83,3% dos estudos. A meta-análise comparativa da massagem versus cuidados de rotina que avaliou duração do choro obteve resultado estatisticamente significativo (p = 0,0002; IC 95% -85,51 a -27,09).Conclusão: A massagem contribui para o alívio da dor neonatal através da redução do escore de dor e redução do tempo de choro em recém-nascidos submetidos a punção. Palavras-chave: Recém-nascido. Massagem. Manejo da dor. Punções