A BANALIDADE DA MORTE E O CIBERSUICÍDIO: UMA ANÁLISE DE CASOS DE SUICÍDIOS ONLINE

O suicídio tem se tornado um importante problema para a saúde pública mundial, chama atenção em diversos estudos o crescimento de casos de cibersuicídio – suicídio que acontece através da influência da internet no ambiente virtual – executados principalmente entre jovens e adolescentes. Trazendo este problema para discussão, o objetivo deste artigo foi o de analisar casos de suicídios que aconteceram na internet e foram amplamente difundidos, tendo como finalidade ampliar os estudos sobre o tema. Para isso, utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica e o estudo de caso que ocorreu por meio de artigos, livros e websites. Como resultado, verifica-se que o cibersuicídio ocorre com o incentivo de membros de comunidades virtuais que encorajam o indivíduo que o comete. No ato do cibersuicídio há uma certa banalização da morte, no sentindo de que muitas pessoas assistem e estimulam a morte do outro. Como conclusão, tem-se que o cibersuicídio pode ser considerado um ato de banalização e espetacularização da morte em que a vida e a morte do outro são tornadas sem valor

Performance of Hevea brasiliensis under drought conditions on osmoregulation and antioxidant activity through evaluation of vacuolar invertase and reducing sugars

Rubber tree cultivation is limited in many regions by abiotic factors such as drought. We investigated the biochemical mechanisms responsible for responses to, and recovery from, drought conditions during the establishment phase of four high latex producing rubber tree clones (RRIM600, IAC40, PR255 and GT1). Five-month-old plants were exposed to 32 days of water restriction, followed by 15 days of soil rehydration. Leaf area, as well as their osmolyte accumulations, saccharolytic enzyme activity, and oxidative stress markers, were accompanied. Although clones IAC40 and PR255 responded more precociously to drought conditions, halting leaf expansion before clones GT1 and RRIM600, they demonstrated slow recuperation after reestablishing irrigation. The greater tolerances of clones RRIM600 and GT1 to drought conditions were related to greater vacuolar invertase (VINV) activity in their leaves, which guaranteed more significant accumulations of vacuolar reducing sugars (RS). Similar to RS, glycine betaine accumulations were related to osmoprotection and to reducing oxidative damage (lipidic peroxidation) caused by water deficit conditions. The observed decreases in cytosol neutral invertase (AINV) and cell wall insoluble invertase (CWINV) activities, which resulted in cytosol hexose decreases, may be related to increases in antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) activities in the leaves in response to water deficit conditions. As such, the introduction of specific sugars (RS) and the modulation of key carbon metabolism enzymes, such as VINV, are promising strategies for promoting drought tolerance in rubber tree clones

CARACTERÍSTICAS DO BALANÇO DE ENERGIA NO MANGUEZAL DE BRAGANÇA-PA E ALTERAÇÕES NO FLUXO DE CALOR NO SOLO EM FUNÇÃO DO DESMATAMENTO

The mangrove ecosystem of Bragança-PA which has an area of 120 km2 presents some deforested areas. An micrometerological experiment was developed to determine the micrometeorological conditions in the mangrove during 1997, where it was observed that the global solar radiation was high with a peak of 938 W m-2. The results have shown a large interception of photosynthetic active radiation through the canopy. The net radiation in the mangrove area represents 78% of the incident solar radiation. Latent and sensible heat fluxes were 69% and 24% of net radiation, respectively. It was found that in the deforested area soil temperatures reached values of 38,3oC in relation to a value of 27,0oC in the mangrove, due to the high rates of soil heating which remainedO manguezal de Bragança-PA, que possui uma área de 120 km2 apresenta algumas clareiras devido a desmatamentos. As condições micrometeorológicas no manguezal de Bragança-PA foram observadas durante o ano de 1997, cuja radiação solar global foi elevada com um pico médio mensal de 938 W m-2. Os registros mostraram uma grande atenuação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa através do dossel do mangue. As medidas do saldo de radiação no manguezal representaram, em média, 78% da radiação solar. As estimativas dos fluxos de calor latente e sensível, representaram 69% e 24% do saldo de radiação, respectivamente. As altas taxas de aquecimento do solo exposto à incidência direta da radiação solar na área desmatada, submeteu o solo a valores de temperatura de 38,3oC em comparação com 27,0oC no manguezal. Este efeito foi notado nas variações do fluxo de calor no solo, cujos picos médios horários atingiram 73,1 W m-2 na área desmatada e 9,4 W m-2 no manguezal, com retardo de duas horas. Palavras-chave: Micrometeorologia. Radiação solar. Balanço de energia. Fluxo de calor no solo

Non-compliance with health surveillance is a matter of Biosafety: a survey of latent tuberculosis infection in a highly endemic setting

Objective This study aimed at identifying demographic, socio-economic and tuberculosis (TB) exposure factors associated with non-compliance with the tuberculin skin test, the management and prevention of non-compliance to the test. It was carried out in the context of a survey of latent TB infection among undergraduate students taking healthcare courses in two universities in Salvador, Brazil, a city highly endemic for TB. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 1164 volunteers carried out between October 2004 and June 2008. Bivariate analysis followed by logistic regression was used to measure the association between non-compliance and potential risk factors through non-biased estimates of the adjusted OR for confounding variables. A parallel evaluation of occupational risk perception and of knowledge of Biosafety measures was also conducted. Results The non-compliance rate was above 40% even among individuals potentially at higher risk of disease, which included those who had not been vaccinated (OR 3.33; 95% CI 1.50 to 7.93; p=0.0018), those reporting having had contact with TB patients among close relatives or household contacts (p=0.3673), or those whose tuberculin skin test status was shown within the survey to have recently converted (17.3% of those completing the study). In spite of the observed homogeneity in the degree of Biosafety knowledge, and the awareness campaigns developed within the study focussing on TB prevention, the analysis has shown that different groups have different behaviours in relation to the test. Family income was found to have opposite effects in groups studying different courses as well as attending public versus private universities. Conclusions Although the data presented may not be directly generalisable to other situations and cultural settings, this study highlights the need to evaluate factors associated with non-compliance with routine testing, as they may affect the efficacy of Biosafety program

Morphometric characterization of the Poxim-Açu River sub-basin, Sergipe, Brazil

A caracterização morfométrica de uma bacia hidrográfica é um dos principais procedimentos executados em análises hidrológicas e ambientais para o entendimento de suas dinâmicas local e regional e apoiar o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos. Este trabalho analisou as variáveis morfométricas da sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Poxim-Açu, afluente do rio Poxim que contribui por aproximadamente 30% do abastecimento da capital sergipana. Para o Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) foram utilizados dados do SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), compatíveis com a escala 1:250.000, disponibilizados pela Embrapa Monitoramento por Satélite, carta de articulação do IBGE SC-24-Z-B. Demais dados foram obtidos a partir do Atlas Digital dos Recursos Hídricos de Sergipe, processados em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), o QGIS 1.6 e o ArcGIS 10.1 com extensões Spatial Analist e ArcHidro. Os resultados obtidos permitirão estudos ambientais mais acurados sobre esta bacia hidrográfica. Verificou-se que a sub-bacia possui uma área de 128 km2, índice de sinuosidade de 10%, hierarquia fluvial de 4ª ordem e coeficiente de compacidade de 1,76. Com forma alongada, é praticamente reta e com baixa tendência a picos de inundações. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Watershed morphometric characterization is one of the most used procedures in hydrological and environmental analysis, with the purpose of understanding local and regional dynamics to support water resource management. This paper analyzed the morphometric variables of the Poxim-Açu River sub-basin, affluent of the Poxim River, which contributes with approximately 30 % of the water supply of the capital of Sergipe. We used SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) data for the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), with the scale of 1:250,000, provided by Embrapa Satellite Monitoring and the IBGE topographic chart SC-24-Z-B. Other data were obtained from the Digital Atlas of Water Resources of Sergipe, which were processed in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as the QGIS 1.6 and ArcGIS 10.1 with Spatial Analyst and ArcHidro extensions. Results will support environmental studies of this watershed. We found that the sub-basin has an area of 128 km2 , sinuosity index of 10%, fluvial hierarchy of the 4 th order, and a compactness coefficient of 1.76. It is practically straight with an elongated shape and a low tendency to have peaks of floods

Checklist of the birds of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: diversity and conservation

Several phytogeographic regions (Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, Gran Chaco, and Chiquitano Dry Forests) converge in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and influence regional biodiversity. Despite a list of birds in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul being published by Nunes et al. (2017), it is necessary to update and critically review avifauna records. In this study, we gathered the results of several records obtained from species lists and online data platforms of the 336 sites in this state over the last decades and grouped them into Main (Primary and Secondary) and Tertiary Lists. The avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul is composed of 678 species, of which 643 (95%) have records proving their occurrence (Primary List), whereas 34 still lack documentation (Secondary List). The number of related species for Mato Grosso do Sul represents 34% of the Brazilian avifauna. Some species stand out for their unique occurrence in Mato Grosso do Sul, such as Melanerpes cactorum, Celeus lugubris, Phaethornis subochraceus, and Cantorchilus guarayanus, reflecting the influence of different phytogeographic regions of the Chaco and Chiquitano Dry Forests. Migrants represent 20% of the bird community occurring in the state, of which 93 species correspond to migrants from various regions of South America (south and west) and 40 to boreal migrants. Thirty-three species perform nomadic movements across the Pantanal Plain and other regions of the state. Thirty-one species are included in some conservation-threatened categories of global and/or national endangered species lists. Other 30 species are included in the near-threatened category at the global level and 23 at the national level. In addition, species typical of dry forests (in Serra da Bodoquena and Maciço do Urucum) and those from the Atlantic Forest in the south of the state deserve attention due to their restricted distribution and the high anthropogenic pressure on their habitat

Checklist of the birds of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: diversity and conservation

Several phytogeographic regions (Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, Gran Chaco, and Chiquitano Dry Forests) converge in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and influence regional biodiversity. Despite a list of birds in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul being published by Nunes et al. (2017), it is necessary to update and critically review avifauna records. In this study, we gathered the results of several records obtained from species lists and online data platforms of the 336 sites in this state over the last decades and grouped them into Main (Primary and Secondary) and Tertiary Lists. The avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul is composed of 678 species, of which 643 (95%) have records proving their occurrence (Primary List), whereas 34 still lack documentation (Secondary List). The number of related species for Mato Grosso do Sul represents 34% of the Brazilian avifauna. Some species stand out for their unique occurrence in Mato Grosso do Sul, such as Melanerpes cactorum, Celeus lugubris, Phaethornis subochraceus, and Cantorchilus guarayanus, reflecting the influence of different phytogeographic regions of the Chaco and Chiquitano Dry Forests. Migrants represent 20% of the bird community occurring in the state, of which 93 species correspond to migrants from various regions of South America (south and west) and 40 to boreal migrants. Thirty-three species perform nomadic movements across the Pantanal Plain and other regions of the state. Thirty-one species are included in some conservation-threatened categories of global and/or national endangered species lists. Other 30 species are included in the near-threatened category at the global level and 23 at the national level. In addition, species typical of dry forests (in Serra da Bodoquena and Maciço do Urucum) and those from the Atlantic Forest in the south of the state deserve attention due to their restricted distribution and the high anthropogenic pressure on their habitat