Conservation of catchments: some theoretical considerations and case histories from Rio de Janeiro

Conservation has developed along two lines: protection of species and communities, and preservation of natural resources. Catchments provide the natural unit for conservation since they are the fundamental unit of terrestrial ecosystems and account for most of the flow of materials. Urban streams of the city of Rio de Janeiro are generally well protected in their headwaters by the large urban parks in steep terrain. However, the lower reaches are often very heavily impacted by sewage, channelling, etc. Fauna that require estuarine habitats for part of their life history are excluded from such streams. Ecosystem functioning in urban streams is probably changed through the loss of strongly-interacting shrimp. Leaf decomposition was found to be reduced in urban streams compared to pristine streams in one study. Conservation entities in the state of Rio de Janeiro tend to protect the mountainous areas; piedmont and coastal plain habitats are generally impacted by agriculture and habitation. Many attempts are being made to conserve catchments in the state of Rio de Janeiro; we discuss 4 case histories, which have different constraints and employ different strategies for management and conservation. Key words: connectivity, catadromous shrimp, conservation planning and management.Conservation has developed along two lines: protection of species and communities, and preservation of natural resources. Catchments provide the natural unit for conservation since they are the fundamental unit of terrestrial ecosystems and account for most of the flow of materials. Urban streams of the city of Rio de Janeiro are generally well protected in their headwaters by the large urban parks in steep terrain. However, the lower reaches are often very heavily impacted by sewage, channelling, etc. Fauna that require estuarine habitats for part of their life history are excluded from such streams. Ecosystem functioning in urban streams is probably changed through the loss of strongly-interacting shrimp. Leaf decomposition was found to be reduced in urban streams compared to pristine streams in one study. Conservation entities in the state of Rio de Janeiro tend to protect the mountainous areas; piedmont and coastal plain habitats are generally impacted by agriculture and habitation. Many attempts are being made to conserve catchments in the state of Rio de Janeiro; we discuss 4 case histories, which have different constraints and employ different strategies for management and conservation. Key words: connectivity, catadromous shrimp, conservation planning and management

Conservation of catchments: some theoretical considerations and case histories from Rio de Janeiro

Conservation has developed along two lines: protection of species and communities, and preservation of natural resources. Catchments provide the natural unit for conservation since they are the fundamental unit of terrestrial ecosystems and account for most of the flow of materials. Urban streams of the city of Rio de Janeiro are generally well protected in their headwaters by the large urban parks in steep terrain. However, the lower reaches are often very heavily impacted by sewage, channelling, etc. Fauna that require estuarine habitats for part of their life history are excluded from such streams. Ecosystem functioning in urban streams is probably changed through the loss of strongly-interacting shrimp. Leaf decomposition was found to be reduced in urban streams compared to pristine streams in one study. Conservation entities in the state of Rio de Janeiro tend to protect the mountainous areas; piedmont and coastal plain habitats are generally impacted by agriculture and habitation. Many attempts are being made to conserve catchments in the state of Rio de Janeiro; we discuss 4 case histories, which have different constraints and employ different strategies for management and conservation. Key words: connectivity, catadromous shrimp, conservation planning and management.Conservation has developed along two lines: protection of species and communities, and preservation of natural resources. Catchments provide the natural unit for conservation since they are the fundamental unit of terrestrial ecosystems and account for most of the flow of materials. Urban streams of the city of Rio de Janeiro are generally well protected in their headwaters by the large urban parks in steep terrain. However, the lower reaches are often very heavily impacted by sewage, channelling, etc. Fauna that require estuarine habitats for part of their life history are excluded from such streams. Ecosystem functioning in urban streams is probably changed through the loss of strongly-interacting shrimp. Leaf decomposition was found to be reduced in urban streams compared to pristine streams in one study. Conservation entities in the state of Rio de Janeiro tend to protect the mountainous areas; piedmont and coastal plain habitats are generally impacted by agriculture and habitation. Many attempts are being made to conserve catchments in the state of Rio de Janeiro; we discuss 4 case histories, which have different constraints and employ different strategies for management and conservation. Key words: connectivity, catadromous shrimp, conservation planning and management

Elaboration of the Life Cicle Inventory from the perspective of Sistemic Design in a Biojewels System

Dentre as demandas pela implantação de estratégias de sustentabilidade, surge o conceito de Design Sistêmico (DS) como fundamentação para projetos que visam menor impacto ambiental. Aliado a isso, o método de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) permite quantificar o impacto ambiental de produtos e sistemas. Deste modo, orientado pela Norma ABNT NBR ISO 14040 e por pesquisas ligadas à aplicação do DS e da ACV, foi desenvolvido o Inventário do Ciclo de Vida de um sistema, tendo como objetivo o aproveitamento de seu coproduto como matéria-prima em outro sistema. Trata-se do uso do endocarpo da Macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata), um dos ‘resíduos’ (output) do sistema produtivo cosméticos, como insumo (input) na produção de biojoias. Embora sejam necessários estudos mais aprofundados sobre o volume de produção e a geração de renda, é possível concluir quanto à viabilidade de reinserção de materiais que seriam considerados rejeitos em um sistema produtivo como recurso em um outro.Among the demands for the implementation of sustainability strategies, the concept of Systemic Design (DS) emerges as basis for projects that aim to reduce environmental impact. In addition, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method allows quantifying the environmental impact of products and systems. In this way, guided by the Standard ABNT NBR ISO 14040 and researches related to the application of DS and LCA, the Life Cycle Inventory of a system has been developed, with the objective of using its co-product as raw material in another system. This case refers to the use of the Macaúba endocarp (Acrocomia aculeata), one of the 'residues' (output) of the cosmetic production system, as an resource (input) in the production of bio-jewels. Although it is necessary more deepened studies about volume of production and the generation of income, it is possible to conclude the feasibility of reinserting materials that would be considered waste in one production system as a resource in another one

CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA DE PERFILES DE SOLO DE UN ESTABLECIMIENTO AGRÍCOLA FAMILIAR DEL ASENTAMIENTO PIMIENTE, SAN JUAN DEL ARAGUAIA-PA

RESUMO: Vários estudos preocuparam-se em investigar as relações existentes entre os atributos do solo e as diferentes condições ambientais nas quais estão inseridos. A caracterização morfológica dos solos permite resultados importantes nesse âmbito. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a caracterização morfológica de três perfis de solo. Este trabalho foi realizado entre os dias 12 a 16 de agosto de 2013 em um estabelecimento de produção familiar do Assentamento Pimenteira, São João do Araguaia-PA. A metodologia utilizada foi a de abertura de trincheiras em três áreas distintas (área de pasto, área de cultivo de mandioca e área de mata secundária) para posterior análise morfológica e caracterização do solo até o 20 nível categórico conforme o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos (SiBCS). Os resultados demonstraram que a textura do solo foi semelhante em ambas as áreas. A fração argila foi dominante em todos os solos analisados. Os principais atributos morfológicos e físicos são a presença de mosqueamento associado a cores mais brunadas escura, avermelhada, amarelado e acinzentado claro, a textura argilosa, a estrutura em bloco subangular e a presença de plintita. Os perfis de solo apresentaram, em geral, horizontes diagnóstico B Plíntico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Atributos morfológicos, Frações granulométricas, Plintossolo.ABSTRACT: Several studies have focused on investigating the relationships between soil attributes and the different environmental conditions in which they are inserted. The morphological characterization of the soils allows important results in this area. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the morphological characterization of three soil profiles. This work was carried out from August 12 to 16, 2013 in a family production establishment of the Pimenteira Settlement, São João do Araguaia-PA. The methodology used was to open trenches in three different areas (pasture area, cassava cultivation area and secondary forest area) for later morphological analysis and characterization of the soil up to the 10 categorical level according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SBCS). The results showed that the soil texture was similar in both areas. The clay fraction was dominant in all analyzed soils. The main morphological and physical attributes are the presence of mottling associated with more darkish, reddish, yellowish and light grayish hues, the clay texture, the subangular block structure and the presence of plinthite. The soil profiles presented, in general, diagnostic horizons B Plinthic.KEY WORDS: Attributes, Granulometric fractions, Plenosol.RESUMEN: Varios estudios se preocuparon en investigar las relaciones existentes entre los atributos del suelo y las diferentes condiciones ambientales en las cuales están insertados. La caracterización morfológica de los suelos permite resultados importantes en este ámbito. Así, el objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la caracterización morfológica de tres perfiles de suelo. Este trabajo fue realizado entre los días 12 a 16 de agosto de 2013 en un establecimiento de producción familiar del Asentamiento Pimente, São João do Araguaia-PA. La metodología utilizada fue la de apertura de trincheras en tres áreas distintas (área de pastoreo, área de cultivo de mandioca y área de mata secundaria) para posterior análisis morfológico y caracterización del suelo hasta el 20 nivel categórico conforme al Sistema Brasileño de Clasificación de Suelos (SiBCS). Los resultados demostraron que la textura del suelo fue similar en ambas áreas. La fracción arcilla fue dominante en todos los suelos analizados. Los principales atributos morfológicos y físicos son la presencia de mosqueamiento asociado a colores más bruñidos oscura, rojiza, amarillento y grisáceo claro, la textura arcillosa, la estructura en bloque subangular y la presencia de plintita. Los perfiles de suelo presentaron, en general, horizontes diagnóstico B Plíntico.PALABRAS CLAVE: Atributos morfológicos, Fracciones granulométricas, Plintossolo

Implementação dos núcleos de segurança do paciente e as infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde

Objetivo: Verificar a implementação do Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente e sua relação com o controle das Infecções Relacionadas àAssistência à Saúde nos hospitais de Natal.Método: Estudo quantitativo, do tipo transversal. A amostra foi composta por 28 profissionais controladores de infecção de 12 hospitais.Os dados foram coletados entre fevereiro e agosto de 2017, por meio de questionário semiestruturado.Resultados: Houve implementação do Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente em nove hospitais. Dentre os protocolos implantados,destacaram-se o de identificação do paciente (66,70%), o de higiene das mãos (50%) e o da prevenção de quedas (50%). Os hospitaiscom Núcleo afirmaram desenvolver atividades de capacitação em segurança do paciente com os profissionais. 44,5% afirmaramrealizar comunicação efetiva.Conclusão: Embora as ações implantadas não cheguem a cumprir integralmente as recomendações da Agência Nacional de VigilânciaSanitária, a maioria dessas ações tem relação direta com o controle das infecções nos serviços.Palavras-chave: Segurança do paciente. Assistência à saúde. Controle de infecções. Infecção hospitalar

Asymptotic Behavior of the Solution to a Nonisentropic Hydrodynamic Model of Semiconductors

AbstractWe study the asymptotic behavior of the solution for a hydrodynamic model of semiconductors where the energy equation is included. We study the case where the flow is subsonic and the doping profile is close to a negative constant, depending on the spacial variablex. We shall show that a given steady state solution is asymptotically stable or unstable depending on whether or not the density of the initial data satisfiesP=0, wherePis defined in (3.5)

Bioinsecticide potential of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome essential oil

In this study  the potential bioinseticide of the essential oil (OE) extracted from the rhizomes of the species Curcuma zedoaria (Zingiberaceae) was evaluated. The rhizomes were collected during dormancy (winter) and budding (summer). The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation (2h) and identified by GC/MS. In addition, a multivariate exploratory analysis was done to determine the analysis of the major compounds (PCA). The EO yield in dormancy was 0.61± 0.07 (%) and in budding 0.55 ± 0.08 (%). The bioassays on Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae were done by immersion test at different EO concentrations which ranged from 500.00 to 0.003 mg mL-1 (v/v). The results on the larvae and pupae indicated LC99.9 of (0.01 and 1.38 mg mL-1) for EO in dormancy, and (0.08 and 2.63 mg mL-1) for EO during budding, respectively. The action mechanism of EOs in both periods was determined by autobiographic method evaluating the inhibitory potential on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, indicating greater inhibition of the EO enzyme during dormancy (0.039 mg mL-1) when compared to the EO during budding (0.156 mg mL-1). The projection representation of the EO chemical classes in both evaluated periods indicated that oxygenated sesquiterpenes are the major compound class (46.99% in dormancy) and (43.59% in budding). The projection of major chemical compounds of EOs presented three compounds with greater mass flow distancing: epicurzerenone (18.20% and 12.10%); 1.8 cineole (15.76% and 12.10%) and β-elemene (4.43 and 0.01%) that are found in greater amounts in the dormancy EO when compared to budding, respectively. These results corroborate with the greater potential on Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae found for the dormancy EO. The results are promising because they show in which vegetative cycle phase C. zedoaria EO presents greater bioinsecticide potential

Transcriptional profiles of the human pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis in mycelium and yeast cells

This work was supported by MCT, CNPq, CAPES, FUB, UFG, and FUNDECT-MS. PbGenome Network: Alda Maria T. Ferreira, Alessandra Dantas, Alessandra J. Baptista, Alexandre M. Bailão, Ana Lídia Bonato, André C. Amaral, Bruno S. Daher, Camila M. Silva, Christiane S. Costa, Clayton L. Borges, Cléber O. Soares, Cristina M. Junta, Daniel A. S. Anjos, Edans F. O. Sandes, Eduardo A. Donadi, Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo, Flábio R. Araújo, Flávia C. Albuquerque, Gina C. Oliveira, João Ricardo M. Almeida, Juliana C. Oliveira, Kláudia G. Jorge, Larissa Fernandes, Lorena S. Derengowski, Luís Artur M. Bataus, Marcus A. M. Araújo, Marcus K. Inoue, Marlene T. De-Souza, Mauro F. Almeida, Nádia S. Parachin, Nadya S. Castro, Odair P. Martins, Patrícia L. N. Costa, Paula Sandrin-Garcia, Renata B. A. Soares, Stephano S. Mello, and Viviane C. B. ReisParacoccidioides brasiliensis is the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease that affects 10 million individuals in Latin America. This report depicts the results of the analysis of 6,022 assembled groups from mycelium and yeast phase expressed sequence tags, covering about 80% of the estimated genome of this dimorphic, thermo-regulated fungus. The data provide a comprehensive view of the fungal metabolism, including overexpressed transcripts, stage-specific genes, and also those that are up- or down-regulated as assessed by in silico electronic subtraction and cDNA microarrays. Also, a significant differential expression pattern in mycelium and yeast cells was detected, which was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, providing insights into differential metabolic adaptations. The overall transcriptome analysis provided information about sequences related to the cell cycle, stress response, drug resistance, and signal transduction pathways of the pathogen. Novel P. brasiliensis genes have been identified, probably corresponding to proteins that should be addressed as virulence factor candidates and potential new drug targets

Coinfection with Different Trypanosoma cruzi Strains Interferes with the Host Immune Response to Infection

A century after the discovery of Trypanosoma cruzi in a child living in Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil in 1909, many uncertainties remain with respect to factors determining the pathogenesis of Chagas disease (CD). Herein, we simultaneously investigate the contribution of both host and parasite factors during acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice infected with the JG and/or CL Brener T. cruzi strains. JG single infected mice presented reduced parasitemia and heart parasitism, no mortality, levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, CCL2, IL-6 and IFN-γ) similar to those found among naïve animals and no clinical manifestations of disease. On the other hand, CL Brener single infected mice presented higher parasitemia and heart parasitism, as well as an increased systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators and higher mortality probably due to a toxic shock-like systemic inflammatory response. Interestingly, coinfection with JG and CL Brener strains resulted in intermediate parasitemia, heart parasitism and mortality. This was accompanied by an increase in the systemic release of IL-10 with a parallel increase in the number of MAC-3+ and CD4+ T spleen cells expressing IL-10. Therefore, the endogenous production of IL-10 elicited by coinfection seems to be crucial to counterregulate the potentially lethal effects triggered by systemic release of pro-inflammatory mediators induced by CL Brener single infection. In conclusion, our results suggest that the composition of the infecting parasite population plays a role in the host response to T. cruzi in determining the severity of the disease in experimentally infected BALB/c mice. The combination of JG and CL Brener was able to trigger both protective inflammatory immunity and regulatory immune mechanisms that attenuate damage caused by inflammation and disease severity in BALB/c mice