The Implementation of Islamic Law: the Problems of Changing of Legal Consciousness and Legal System of Russia

The introduction of Islamic banking in the Russian financial sector raises issues related to the development of legislation, the adaptation of the principles of partner banking to the current rules of lending and investment, the problem of perceiving norms based on a different legal doctrine. The tools of Islamic banking have significant socio-economic advantages in comparison with traditional lending and investment structures. However, the existing opposition of Islamic values to the traditions of Western culture and legal doctrine may have a negative impact on legal awareness, will create a threat to preserve the integrity of Russia's legal system. The purpose of the article is to identify problems that impede the introduction of the principles of Islamic banking in the national legislation. While preparing the article, the authors used an integrative approach to law that involves understanding of legal institutions and other social phenomena as complex multidimensional phenomena. Overcoming the exclusively religious approach to the perspective of the implementation of the principles of Islamic law makes it possible to consider legal frameworks and mechanisms of partner banking in terms of adapting successfully tested practices to the activities of economic entities, regardless of national or religious affiliations. The results of the study were the identification of the main directions for improving the national legal theory and practice associated with the reception of the principles of Islamic banking in the Russian legal system. It is necessary to develop the concept of expanding the sources of civil law regulation within the multiplicity of jurisdictions and the coexistence of legal systems within the area of a single sovereign state. The introduction of the model of Islamic banking should be carried out based on secular principles of the organization of banking activities, the integration of the national legal system with the norms of Islamic law. The implementation of the principles, institutions and norms of a different public order significantly different from the tradition that has developed in Russia and should be implemented through a change in the legal doctrine, the understanding by lawyers of the socioeconomic linkage between the principles of Islamic banking and the results of economic activity of persons applying for funding

Pannexin 1 Transgenic Mice: Human Diseases and Sleep-Wake Function Revision

In humans and other vertebrates pannexin protein family was discovered by homology to invertebrate gap junction proteins. Several biological functions were attributed to three vertebrate pannexins members. Six clinically significant independent variants of the PANX1 gene lead to human infertility and oocyte development defects, and the Arg217His variant was associated with pronounced symptoms of primary ovarian failure, severe intellectual disability, sensorineural hearing loss, and kyphosis. At the same time, only mild phenotypes were observed in Panx1 knockout mice. In addition, a passenger mutation was identified in a popular line of Panx1 knockout mice, questioning even those effects. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we created a new line of Panx1 knockout mice and a new line of mice with the clinically significant Panx1 substitution (Arg217His). In both cases, we observed no significant changes in mouse size, weight, or fertility. In addition, we attempted to reproduce a previous study on sleep/wake and locomotor activity functions in Panx1 knockout mice and found that previously reported effects were probably not caused by the Panx1 knockout itself. We consider that the pathological role of Arg217His substitution in Panx1, and some Panx1 functions in general calls for a re-evaluation

Synthesis and Antiviral Properties of Camphor-Derived Iminothiazolidine-4-Ones and 2,3-Dihydrothiazoles

A set of heterocyclic products was synthesized from natural (+)-camphor and semi-synthetic (−)-camphor. Then, 2-Imino-4-thiazolidinones and 2,3-dihydrothiazoles were obtained using a three-step procedure. For the synthesized compounds, their antiviral activity against the vaccinia virus and Marburg virus was studied. New promising agents active against both viruses were found among the tested compounds

Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of the Cage–Amide Derived Orthopox Virus Replication Inhibitors

Despite the fact that the variola virus is considered eradicated, the search for new small molecules with activity against orthopoxviruses remains an important task, especially in the context of recent outbreaks of monkeypox. As a result of this work, a number of amides of benzoic acids containing an adamantane fragment were obtained. Most of the compounds demonstrated activity against vaccinia virus, with a selectivity index SI = 18,214 for the leader compound 18a. The obtained derivatives also demonstrated activity against murine pox (250 ≤ SI ≤ 6071) and cowpox (125 ≤ SI ≤ 3036). A correlation was obtained between the IC50 meanings and the binding energy to the assumed biological target, the p37 viral protein with R2 = 0.60

Safety and Pharmacokinetics of the Substance of the Anti-Smallpox Drug NIOCH-14 after Oral Administration to Laboratory Animals

Background: Since most of the modern human population has no anti-smallpox immunity, it is extremely important to develop and implement effective drugs for the treatment of smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections. The objective of this study is to determine the main characteristics of the chemical substance NIOCH-14 and its safety and bioavailability in the body of laboratory animals. Methods: The safety of NIOCH-14 upon single- or multiple-dose intragastric administration was assessed according to its effect on the main hematological and pathomorphological parameters of laboratory mice and rats. In order to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of NIOCH-14 administered orally, a concentration of ST-246, the active metabolite of NIOCH-14, in mouse blood and organs was determined by tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography. Results: The intragastric administration of NIOCH-14 at a dose of 5 g/kg body weight caused neither death nor signs of intoxication in mice. The intragastric administration of NIOCH-14 to mice and rats at doses of 50 and 150 µg/g body weight either as a single dose or once daily during 30 days did not cause animal death or critical changes in hematological parameters and the microstructure of internal organs. The tissue availability of NIOCH-14 administered orally to the mice at a dose of 50 µg/g body weight, which was calculated according to concentrations of its active metabolite ST-246 for the lungs, liver, kidney, brain, and spleen, was 100, 69.6, 63.3, 26.8 and 20.3%, respectively. The absolute bioavailability of the NIOCH-14 administered orally to mice at a dose of 50 µg/g body weight was 22.8%. Conclusion: Along with the previously determined efficacy against orthopoxviruses, including the smallpox virus, the substance NIOCH-14 was shown to be safe and bioavailable in laboratory animal experiments