Business Education for Self-Reliance and Job Sustainability Among Undergraduate Students in Universities, South-South Nigeria

This study examined the Business Education for Self-Reliance and Job Sustainability Among Undergraduate Students in Universities, South-South Nigeria. The study adopted the survey design. The population of the study comprises of 145 lecturers drawn from universities offering Business Education across South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. No sampling was made since the population was manageable. Questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts in measurement and evaluation and Business Education Department at Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki which is located at South-East of Nigeria. The data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation for the research questions; and independent samples t-test for the null hypotheses. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed a relatively high level of contribution of Business Education lecturers towards making undergraduate students self-reliant in Universities; a relatively low level of contribution of students towards acquisition of skills of self-reliance and job sustainability in Universities; no significant difference in the mean ratings of the contribution of male and female business education lecturers towards making undergraduate students self-reliant in universities; and no significant difference between male and female business education lecturers’ mean ratings of undergraduate students’ contribution towards self-reliance and job sustainability in Universities. On the bases of these findings, it was recommended that Universities should focus on creating a more engaging and interactive learning environment that encourages students to actively participate in acquiring skills of self-reliance. Keywords: Business Education; Self-Reliance; Job Sustainability; Undergraduate Students. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-24-10 Publication date:August 31st 202

A critique of the legal framework for the development of marginal oil fields in Nigeria

Marginal oil field development was introduced in Nigeria with the objectives of increasing indigenous participation in the upstream petroleum sector and increasing the national petroleum production capacity amongst others. Twenty-four (24) of the identified 116 marginal fields were awarded to 31 indigenous companies in 2003. In 2017, the Federal Government announced her readiness to carry out a new round of licensing bid. It is against this background that this work seeks to examine the successful factors and challenges of marginal oil field development in Nigeria. The basic question is, to what extent has the objectives for its introduction been achieved? It is sad to know that the development of marginal oil field is lagging or has not been fully successful, despite the policy initiative by the Federal Government of Nigeria. Only nine of the fields are producing as many of the marginal field operators are battling with funding, social, political, environmental and technical challenges. The paper proffers solutions to the identified challenges and concludes that if the government is serious about fully achieving the objectives of the introduction of marginal oil field development in Nigeria, there should be adequate support to marginal field operators towards the development of the fields Key Words: “Marginal Oil Field”, “International Oil Companies”, “Department of Petroleum Resources

Design, construction and calibration of automatic street light controller using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)

Automatic street light power saving system using the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is a simple and powerful concept, to switch ON/OFF the street light system automatically. It automatically switches ON the streetlight when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes and switches OFF the streetlight when ampleamount of sunlight is available. From this work, it was observed that the implementation of LDR in streetlight circuit design would reduce the running cost of street lightning system by 51.7%.Keywords: Streetlight, Energy, Light, Dependent, Resisto

Investigation of GSM Signal Strength in Rural Communities in the South-Eastern Region of Nigeria

This paper focuses on the investigation of GSM networks’ signal strength coverage in rural communities in the South-Eastern region of Nigeria. The Network Cell Info Lite application installed in two Gionee M5 phones was used to carry out measurement of the signal strength received from the transmitting stations of various GSM networks. Signal strength obtained from the application was compared with the Gionee android inbuilt signal meter for authentication purposes. The signal strength measurements were conducted in Amaigbo from 18th August to 26 th August 2018, Uli from 29th August to 6 th September 2018 and Amasa from 8 th September to 16th September 2018, all in South-Eastern region of Nigeria. The data obtained was analyzed to determine the GSM networks coverage levels, the availability of the networks, and the quality of the network provided in the aforementioned rural communities. The result of the study shows that most rural communities in the South-East region of Nigeria, like Amaigbo and Amasa, experiences a lot of periods of out of service as a result of poor network coverage level. It was also observed that in some rural communities in the east with high population density such as Uli, the network coverage level is relatively high. Thus, quality network services were recorded in Uli. It is therefore recommended that more booster stations be sited to enhance good network coverage level in rural communities within the South-Eastern region of Nigeria

Influence of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Honey on Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin -1 (TSST-1) Production by Two Strains of Staphylococcus Aureus

Antibiotic resistant bacteria are a worldwide health concern and it is essential to develop new antimicrobial agents to kill these bacteria and to reduce the use of antibiotics. Staphyloccus aureus (S.aureus) an important medical pathogen is responsible for many wound infections and up to 25% of all strains produce the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) which stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines which cause fever and shock. Here we report on the inhibition of two penicillin resistant TSST-1 producing strains of S.aureus by seven different honeys. Bacterial growth was reduced after 24 hours at 37oC, from 10.0 log 10 in the TSB growth control to less than 1.0 log 10 in Highland, Chilean and Manuka honey. TSST-1 production was reduced from 256ng/ml in the TSB growth control to less than 30 ng/ml in sub inhibitory concentrations of all honeys.sch_die[1] Lowy, F.D. 1998. Staphylococcus aureus infections. New England Journal of Medicine, 339 (8) pp.520-532. [2] Andrey, D.O., Renzoni, A., Monod, A.,Lew, D.P.,Ambrose.L.C and Kelly, W.L. 2010. Control of the Staphyloccocus aureus toxic shock tst promoter by the global regulator SarA. J of Bacteriology, 192 (22),pp 6077-6085. [3] Boyle-Vavra, S., Carey, R.B. and Daum, R.S. 2001. Development of vancomycin and lysostaphin resistance in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48 (5) Nov, pp.617-625 [4] Qiu, J., Wang, D., Xiang, H., Feng, H., Jiang, Y., Xia, L., et al 2010. Subinhibitory concentrations of thymol reduce enterotoxins A and B and -hemolysin production in Staphylococcus aureus isolates. PLoS one, 5 (3) pp.e9736. [5] Werner, G., Strommenger, B. and Witte, W. 2008. Acquired vancomycin resistance in clinically relevant pathogens. Future Microbiology(95) 547-562. [6] Dinges, M.M., Orwin, P.M. and Schlievert, P.M. 2000. Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical microbiology reviews, 13 (1) Jan, pp.16-34, table of contents. [7] Lappin.E and Ferguson.A.J .2009. toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an acute , multi- system toxin-mediated illness . Lancet. Infectious diseases 9.(5) pp 281-290 [8] Miethke, T., Duschek, K., Wahl, C., Heeg, K. and Wagner, H. 1993. Pathogenesis of the toxic shock syndrome: T cell mediated lethal shock caused by the superantigen TSST-1. European Journal of Immunology, 23 (7) pp.1494-1500. [9] Kramer, S. 1954. Levey. An older pharmacopoeia. JAMA, 155 (1) pp.26. [10] George, N.M. and Cutting, K.F. 2007. Antibacterial honey (Medihoney): in-vitro activity against clinical isolates of MRSA, VRE, and other multiresistant Gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Wounds, 19 (9) pp.231. [11] Molan, P.C. 2006. The evidence supporting the use of honey as a wound dressing. The international Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, 5 (1) Mar, pp.40-54. [12] Kwakman, P.H., Te Velde, A.A., De Boer, L., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.M. and Zaat, S.A. 2011. Two major medicinal honeys have different mechanisms of bactericidal activity. PLoS One, 6 (3) pp.e17709. [13] Schneider, M., Coyle, S., Warnock, M., Gow, I. and Fyfe, L. 2012. Anti-Microbial Activity and Composition of Manuka and Portobello Honey. Phytotherapy Research, 27 (8) pp.1162-1168. [14] White Jr, J.W. 1957. The composition of honey . Bee World, 38 (3) pp57-66 [15] Adenekan,M.O., Amusa,N.A, Lawal,A.O and Okpeze,V.E. 2010. Physico-chemical and microbiological properties of honey samples .J of Microbiol Antimicrobiol ,2, (8),pp100-104 [16] Kwakman, P.H., te Velde, A.A., de Boer, L., Speijer, D., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.M. and Zaat, S.A. 2010. How honey kills bacteria. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 24 (7) Jul, pp.2576-2582. [17] Khan, F., Hill, J., Kaehler, S., Allsopp, M. and Vuuren, S. 2014. Antimicrobial properties and isotope investigations of South African honey. Journal of Applied Microbiology, [18] Carnworth.R., Graham.E.M., Reynolds.K and Pollock.P.J 2013. The antimicrobial activity of honey against common would isolates. The Veterinary Journal.10.1016. [19] Fyfe,L, Armstrong.F and Stewart. J 1998. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteridits by combinations of plant essential oils and derivatives of benzoic acid ; the development of synergistic antimicrobial combinations. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents .9. 195-199 [20] Smith-Palmer, A., Stewart, J. and Fyfe, L. 2002. Inhibition of Listeriolysin 0 and phosphatidylcholine specific production in Listeria monocytogenes by subinhibitory concentrations of plant essential oils, of plant essential oils on the production of enterotoxins A and B and alpha-toxin by Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 51 , pp567 [21] Smith-Palmer, A., Stewart, J. and Fyfe, L. 2004. Influence of subinhibitory concentrations of plant essential oils on the production of enterotoxins A and B and alpha-toxin by Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 53 (Pt 10) Oct, pp.1023-1027. [22] Kakonien, V., Maruka, A., Kornyova, O., Charczun, N., Ligor, M. and Buszewski, B. 2009. Quantitative and qualitative determination of phenolic compounds in honey. Chemin technologija, 52 (3) pp.74-80. [23] Benzie, I.F. and Strain, J. 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power-: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239 (1) pp.70-76. [24] Singleton, V. and Rossi, J.A. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16 (3) pp.144-158 [25] White Jr, J.W. and Subers, M.H. 1963. Studies on honey inhibine. 2. A chemical assay. J Apic Res, 2 pp.93-100. [26] Kwakman, P.H., Te Velde, A.A., De Boer, L., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.M. and Zaat, S.A. 2011. Two major medicinal honeys have different mechanisms of bactericidal activity. PLoS One, 6 (3) pp.e17709. [27] Jenkins, R.E., Burton, N., and Cooper, R. 2013. Proteomic and genomic analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exposed to manuka honey in vitro demonstrated down-regulation of virulence markers. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemtherapy, doi;10.1093. pp1-13 [28] James,J.F., Chu,M.C., Lee.L., Peck,S.A. ,McKissick,C., Sullivan, H., et al 1989. Effect of magnesium on in vitro production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 . Reviews in Infectious Disease .Supplement 1,S157-166. [29] Yarwood,J.M and Schlievert, P.M 2000. Oxygen and carbon dioxide regulation of toxic shock syndrome toxin1 production by Staphylococcus aureus MN8. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 38 (5) pp1797-1803 [30] Chan,P.F and Foster.S.J 1998. The role of the environmental factors in the regulation of virulence -determinant expression in Staphylococcus aureus .Microbiology .144 (9)pp 2469-2479 [31] van Langevelde,P ., van Dissel,j.T., Meurs.C.J.C Renz,J. and Groeneveld,P.H.P 1997 Antimicrobial agents and Chemotherapy .41,(8) 1682-1685 [32] Jenkins, R.E. and Cooper, R. 2012. Synergy between oxacillin and manuka honey sensitizes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67 (6) Jun, pp.1405-1407. [33] Cowan.M.M 1999. Plant products as antimicroibial agents . Clinical Microbiology Reviews, American Society of Microbiology, 12,(4) pp 564-582 l [34] Brudzynski, K., Abubaker, K. and Miotto, D. 2012. Unraveling a mechanism of honey antibacterial action: Polyphenol/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative effect on bacterial cell growth and on DNA degradation. Food Chemistry, 133 (2) pp.329-336.3pub3971pub

New Automated Free Weight Device for Weightlifting and Resistance Training

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The causal relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the macro-economy of selected west African countries: Panel ARDL/Granger Causality Analysis

This study examined the long run and short run dynamic relationships between macroeconomic variables and FDI in West Africa using recent econometric techniques for Granger non-causality and PMG/ARDL for period of 1990 to 2016. Controlling for the influence of trade openness and exchange rate, the long-run effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on economic growth and gds are found to be positive and statistically significant. FDI is found to be negative and statistically significant on unemployment indicating that an increase in FDI would significantly reduce unemployment in the selected West African nations in the long-run. The coefficient of error correction model in all the specifications is negative and significant indicating that the short-run disequilibrium is corrected in the long-run. Panel Granger causality tests result indicates that causality do not run from any direction in the short run which could be attributed to poor economic activities among this developing countries and an important revelation for policy implication.Keywords/Phrases: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), West Africa, PMG/ARDL, cointegration, Granger causality, macroeconomic variable

Feeling Not Wanted/Loved and Depression: Does Gender Matter?

Depression affects over 17 million American adults yearly and has been identified as the leading cause of disability in people between the ages of 15 and 44 years. There is evidence that feeling neglect or a lack of parental attachment during childhood is associated with depression. One construct that has been overlooked is love from a parent. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between individuals who felt not wanted/loved during adolescence and lifetime depression and to examine this association by gender. We examined 5114 participants aged 24–32 years at Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) public use dataset. We used logistic regression analysis to determine the association between an individual feeling not wanted/loved by their parent/caregiver prior to age 18, covariates, and lifetime depression. We then stratified by gender and ran logistic models for both men and women separately. Overall, 16.2% (n = 827) reported lifetime depression diagnosis, while 16.5% of the participants reported feeling not wanted/loved “often,” while 29.8% reported it as “sometimes.” Feeling not wanted/loved “often” was associated with higher odds of depression (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI, 2.45–3.66; p \u3c .001) versus “sometimes” (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.31–1.90; p \u3c .001). When stratified by gender, feeling not loved/wanted was associated with depression among both men (AOR = 3.70; 95% CI, 2.60–5.25; p \u3c .001) and women (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI, 2.13–3.48; p \u3c .001). Feeling not loved or wanted by a parent/caregiver during adolescence has serious implications, for both men and women. Future studies should further examine this construct and identify family-based interventions that focus on parent/caregiver and child relationships

Does an early home-based progressive resistance training program improve function following total hip replacement? Results of a randomized controlled study

CONSORT 2010 checklist. (DOC 219 kb