Family Language Policy and Heritage Language Development of Children in Transnational Immigrant Families: A Case of Two Nepali Families in the US

This study explored the family language policy of the transnational Nepali families living in the US regarding how their language ideologies and practices are shaped and in turn shape the heritage language development of their school-age children. Adopting an ethnographic case study research design, the study tried to find the answers to three research questions; 1) What are the beliefs of the two Nepali immigrant families living in the US related to the use of language and what are the sources of these beliefs?; 2) What language practices do they make in different interactional settings and how does that further influence the linguistic behavior of the children?; and 3) What language management efforts are these family members making for the development of language in their children and how do these efforts influence the language and literacy skills of their children?. Data for the study were collected using semi-structured interviews, participant observation, field notes, and analysis of available artifacts related to the study area from two selected families. Analysis of the data done through recursive content analysis showed that despite having a positive attitude towards their heritage language, the families are not able to invest resources and provide adequate support to their children for the development of heritage language and literacy skills. The study also revealed that the children, as members of the linguistically marginalized communities, do not receive any support from the schools and society to help them develop proficiency in their home language

Updates on androgen replacement therapy and lower urinary tract symptoms: a narrative review

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are caused by higher tension at the bladder neck level (due to fibrosis or stiffness) or benign prostatic hyperplasia, which causes static obstruction of the bladder outlet. Both forms cause a group of symptoms such as hesitancy, intermittency, weak stream, nocturia, urine frequency, and urgency. Additionally, LUTS (obstructive or irritative symptoms) are common in elderly men with hypogonadism, identified as the reduced testes capability in producing sex steroids and sperm, and are categorized as testosterone deficiency. Even though the mode of action (MoA) of testosterone therapy (TTh) on hypogonadal men needs more researched and understanding, the effectiveness of TTh in the development of male genital organs has been reported in several studies. This review shows the latest updates of TTh in LUTS including potential adverse effects, advantages, and disadvantages

COVID‐19 effect on patients with noncommunicable diseases: a narrative review

Background and Aims: On March 11, 2020, the WHO has declared COVID‐19 a global pandemic, affecting our day‐to‐day lives. Physical distancing and lockdown made significant obstacles to populations, particularly healthcare systems. Most healthcare workers were reallocated to COVID‐19 facilities. Noncommunicable disease patients were given low priority and are at a higher risk of severe COVID‐19 infection, which disrupted the treatment and disease management of these patients. This review aimed to assess the effect of COVID‐19 on different types of noncommunicable diseases and the severity it may cause to patients. Methods: We have conducted a review of the literature on COVID‐19 and noncommunicable diseases from December 2019 until January 2022. The search was done in PubMed and Cochrane for relevant articles using variety of searching terms. Data for study variables were extracted. At the end of the selection process, 46 papers were selected for inclusion in the literature review. Result: The result from this review found that the COVID‐19 pandemic has affected the efficiency of the patient's treatment indirectly by either delaying or canceling sessions, which solidified the need to rely more on telemedicine, virtual visits, and in‐home visits to improve patient education and minimize the risk of exposure to the patients. The major and most common types of noncommunicable diseases are known to be related to the severe outcomes of COVID‐19 infection. It is strongly recommended to prioritize these patients for vaccinations against COVID‐19 to provide them with the protection that will neutralize the risk imposed by their comorbidities. Conclusion: We recommend conducting more studies with larger population samples to further understand the role of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in this pandemic. However, this pandemic has also affected the efficiency of NCDs treatment indirectly by delaying or canceling sessions and others

The Study of How Electronics can Contribute In Swachh Bharat Abhiyan - Government of India Initiatives

In the present scenario, with the increase in population, the garbage dumped by people is also increasing tremendously. It is ifficult to manage such large amount of garbage daily. It may cause unhygienic environment around us and this would create the health issues. The Government of India has taken various initiative steps to create awareness among the masses for keeping the area surrounding them neat and clean. To achieve the target of cleanliness, the role of electronic technologies is very important. With the help of electronic technologies we can help in Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan. In this paper the realistic implementation of the smart garbage management system are proposed. In the proposed system, the garbage in the dustbin is sensed by the ultrasonic sensor. It will detect the level of garbage and aurdino communicate with GSM which sends message to authorized phone number. We have used GSM module, Ultrasonic sensor and Aurdino for implementation. Aurdino software is used for coding purpose

Daytime versus nighttime laparoscopic appendectomy in term of complications and clinical outcomes: A retrospective study of 1001 appendectomies

Purpose: This research aims to study whether the time of day impacts the outcome of laparoscopic appendectomy. Peri/post-operative data including type of surgery, operating room time, length of stay, re-hospitalization rates, and short/long term morbidity and mortality were assembled and analyzed. Methods: A retrospective review of all patient's charts who underwent an appendectomy for acute appendicitis at the Acute Care Surgery division at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) from December 2017 to July 2020 was performed. Our institution implemented SAGES protocol to patients with laparoscopic appendectomy. Medical history, symptoms, duration of symptoms, type of treatment, complication, experience level of surgeons in different shift, morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay were extracted and analyzed. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the odds ratio (OR) and the correlation of variables with different surgical groups. A total of 1001 patients were included in this study and underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, 51.3% were operated during the daytime shifts and 48.7% during the nighttime shifts. The majority of surgeries were operated during the nighttime shift C (1:00 a.m. to 7:00 a.m.). Neither there was any difference in clinical outcomes nor day/night operation time with physicians. A statistically significant correlation was found between hospital-stay of patients with different surgical group (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 0.75–0.93, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Appendectomy conducted at night is correlated with similar complications as appendectomy performed during the day, and that the varied shift hours had no effect on the complication rates or on the quality of care provided to patients at our hospital

COVID‐19 effect on patients with noncommunicable diseases: A narrative review

Abstract Background and Aims On March 11, 2020, the WHO has declared COVID‐19 a global pandemic, affecting our day‐to‐day lives. Physical distancing and lockdown made significant obstacles to populations, particularly healthcare systems. Most healthcare workers were reallocated to COVID‐19 facilities. Noncommunicable disease patients were given low priority and are at a higher risk of severe COVID‐19 infection, which disrupted the treatment and disease management of these patients. This review aimed to assess the effect of COVID‐19 on different types of noncommunicable diseases and the severity it may cause to patients. Methods We have conducted a review of the literature on COVID‐19 and noncommunicable diseases from December 2019 until January 2022. The search was done in PubMed and Cochrane for relevant articles using variety of searching terms. Data for study variables were extracted. At the end of the selection process, 46 papers were selected for inclusion in the literature review. Result The result from this review found that the COVID‐19 pandemic has affected the efficiency of the patient's treatment indirectly by either delaying or canceling sessions, which solidified the need to rely more on telemedicine, virtual visits, and in‐home visits to improve patient education and minimize the risk of exposure to the patients. The major and most common types of noncommunicable diseases are known to be related to the severe outcomes of COVID‐19 infection. It is strongly recommended to prioritize these patients for vaccinations against COVID‐19 to provide them with the protection that will neutralize the risk imposed by their comorbidities. Conclusion We recommend conducting more studies with larger population samples to further understand the role of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in this pandemic. However, this pandemic has also affected the efficiency of NCDs treatment indirectly by delaying or canceling sessions and others