Las relaciones entre México y la Unión Europea: una alternativa para la diversificación

El artículo aborda el proceso de integración europea, como una alternativa muy importante para la diversificación de nuestras relaciones exteriores. Nos ofrece un rápido recorrido desde la formación del Mercado Común Europeo, hasta la actual Unión Europea, señalando las principales características y contradicciones del mismo, así como las dificultades existentes entre sus miembros para el logro de sus objetivos. En la segunda parte se analizan las relaciones entre México y la Unión Europea y el modo cómo éstas, si bien están aún inexploradas, cuentan con grandes potencialidades para establecer nuevos marcos de cooperación, comercio, inversión y diálogo político.The anicle deals with the process of European integration as an important alternative for the diversification of Mexican foreign relations. It offers a birds eye view of the process entailing the creation of the European Common Market up to the establishment of the European Union. It underlines the latter's main traits and contradictions as well as the existing conflicts, among its members, for the accomplishment of its aims. The second part of the essay analyzes the relations between Mexico and the European Union which despite remaining still unexplored, have a vast potential in the establishment of frameworks for cooperation in the areas of commerce, investment, and political dialogue

Mexico and the Spanish Republic. 1931-1939.

This thesis examines Mexico's relationship with the Second Spanish Republic, and analyses the rationale behind the Lazaro Cardenas government's (1934-1940) decision to provide military, diplomatic and moral support to the Republic during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The Mexican government sent arms and ammunition to Spain when other nations refused to do so, constrained by the so- called Non-Intervention Pact. Moreover, Mexican diplomats organised a covert network to buy arms in third countries and then re-direct them to Spain. Mexico also lent the Spanish Republic its diplomatic backing at the League of Nations, where its delegates defended the Republican cause and denounced both the Axis intervention and the democracies' inaction. The thesis also interprets the repercussions that such policy had on internal Mexican politics, and for Mexico's international position, most particularly with regards to the United States. The Spanish War generated a backlash in Mexico, with the growth of a domestic Right, heavily influenced by European Fascism and Spanish Falangism. Conversely, Cardenas' position concerning Spain ultimately afforded his government the backing of the Roosevelt administration in the final showdown with that Rightist opposition. Extensive reference is made to primary sources, mainly diplomatic documentation and newspaper reports of the period

Do indigenous peoples benefit from poverty programs? Evidence from Mexico´s 2000 census

Indigenous peoples are among the poorest in Latin America, and it is often argued that social policies do not reach them. At the same time, several countries have implemented in recent years new programs for poverty reduction that should have benefited the indigenous. In this paper, we use data from Mexico's 2000 census to test whether indigenous peoples living in the southern states of Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca benefit from three large government programs: PROGRESA, FISM, and PROCAMPO.

Migration and Poverty in Mexico’s Southern States

While Mexico's southern states differ substantially in terms of their migration profile, many of the issues confronted by the three states are the same. In this paper, we focus on five questions: (a) How large are migration flows, and what can be expected in the future?; (b) To what extent does migration increase per capita income and thereby reduce poverty?; (c) What are the determinants of migration?; (d) What is the impact of remittances on poverty, inequality, and development?; and (e) What programs are implemented by the government to increase the benefits from remittances, and what can be done to reduce the cost for migrants of remitting?Mexico; Migration; Remittances; Poverty; Policies

Migration and Poverty in Mexico’s Southern States

While Mexico's southern states differ substantially in terms of their migration profile, many of the issues confronted by the three states are the same. In this paper, we focus on five questions: (a) How large are migration flows, and what can be expected in the future?; (b) To what extent does migration increase per capita income and thereby reduce poverty?; (c) What are the determinants of migration?; (d) What is the impact of remittances on poverty, inequality, and development?; and (e) What programs are implemented by the government to increase the benefits from remittances, and what can be done to reduce the cost for migrants of remitting

Gilberto Bosques and the flight of Spanish Republicans through Portugal, 1946-1949

Resumen: Partiendo de la polémica existente en torno a la valoración de la figura de Gilberto Bosques, en este artículo tratamos de realizar una nueva mirada, basada en una investigación con fuentes primarias inéditas, acerca de un período prácticamente desconocido de su participación en el salvamento de refugiados. Entre 1946 y 1949 Gilberto Bosques ejerció como embajador de México en Portugal, donde su principal labor volvió a ser la atención a los republicanos españoles que trataban de huir del franquismo. El nuevo contexto en el que tuvo que desenvolver sus funciones, a pesar del fin de la guerra, fue si cabe tan complejo como el anterior. Analizaremos los planes para el salvamento de españoles diseñados por Bosques, las dificultades en su implantación y sus resultados prácticos, sin dejar de lado la situación de estos exiliados, de los que trataremos de trazar un perfil social.Abstract: Onthe basis of the existing controversy surrounding the assessment of the Gilberto Bosques? figure, in this article we try to make a new view, based on research with unpublished primary sources, about a virtually unknown period of its participation in the rescue of refugees. Between 1946 and 1949 Gilberto Bosques served as Mexico?s ambassador in Portugal, where his main task was again the attention to the Spanish Republicans who tried to flee the Francoism. The new context in which they had to develop their functions, despite the end of the war, was as complex as the previous. We analyze the plans for the rescue of Spanish republicans designed by Bosques, the difficulties in its implementation and practical results. Finally westudy the situation of these exiles and we try to draw their social profile

Exiliados del macarthismo en México

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