Uterine didelphys coexisting with term pregnancy, an incidental finding during an emergency caesarean section in a private health care facility in Lagos, Nigeria.

It is very difficult to determine the exact prevalence and reproductive implications of congenital uterine anomalies, because majority of the cases are missed, since they are often asymptomatic and the poor accuracy of the diagnostic tools commonly used. Although, many of these women with congenital uterine anomalies carry their pregnancies to term with live deliveries without any complication, some experience pregnancy losses. A 29 year old, G3P0+2 lady with 2 previous first trimester spontaneous abortions had an emergency  caesarean section for cervical stasis at 38 Weeks gestation. Findings at Surgery were consistent with uterine Didelphys. Her Post-operative period was uneventful. Thus, bad obstetric history such as recurrent spontaneous abortions as seen in this patient should be a pointer for proper evaluation to exclude congenital uterine anomalies.Keywords: Uterine didelphys, Term pregnancy, Emergency caesarean section, private health care facility in Lagos

COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Review of Rapid Antigen, RT-PCR and Artificial Intelligence Methods

As of 27 December 2021, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 278 million persons and caused 5.3 million deaths. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, different methods, from medical to artificial intelligence, have been used for its detection, diagnosis, and surveillance. Meanwhile, fast and efficient point-of-care (POC) testing and self-testing kits have become necessary in the fight against COVID-19 and to assist healthcare personnel and governments curb the spread of the virus. This paper presents a review of the various types of COVID-19 detection methods, diagnostic technologies, and surveillance approaches that have been used or proposed. The review provided in this article should be beneficial to researchers in this field and health policymakers at large

Detecting the Presence of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy from South African Twitter Data Using Machine Learning

Very few social media studies have been done on South African user-generated content during the COVID-19 pandemic and even fewer using hand-labelling over automated methods. Vaccination is a major tool in the fight against the pandemic, but vaccine hesitancy jeopardizes any public health effort. In this study, sentiment analysis on South African tweets related to vaccine hesitancy was performed, with the aim of training AI-mediated classification models and assessing their reliability in categorizing UGC. A dataset of 30000 tweets from South Africa were extracted and hand-labelled into one of three sentiment classes: positive, negative, neutral. The machine learning models used were LSTM, bi-LSTM, SVM, BERT-base-cased and the RoBERTa-base models, whereby their hyperparameters were carefully chosen and tuned using the WandB platform. We used two different approaches when we pre-processed our data for comparison: one was semantics-based, while the other was corpus-based. The pre-processing of the tweets in our dataset was performed using both methods, respectively. All models were found to have low F1-scores within a range of 45$\%$-55$\%$, except for BERT and RoBERTa which both achieved significantly better measures with overall F1-scores of 60$\%$ and 61$\%$, respectively. Topic modelling using an LDA was performed on the miss-classified tweets of the RoBERTa model to gain insight on how to further improve model accuracy

Multiple sclerosis management during the COVID-19 pandemic

Altres ajuts: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The development of standardized data collection as part of routine clinical care through Multiple Sclerosis Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) was developed and implemented at CC, JH, and CEMCAT in partnership with Biogen. Biogen did not have involvement in study design, data analysis or interpretation, or manuscript preparation.People with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be at higher risk for complications from the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic due to use of immunomodulatory disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and greater need for medical services. To evaluate risk factors for COVID-19 susceptibility and describe the pandemic's impact on healthcare delivery. Surveys sent to MS patients at Cleveland Clinic, Johns Hopkins, and Vall d'Hebron-Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya in April and May 2020 collected information about comorbidities, DMTs, exposures, COVID-19 testing/outcomes, health behaviors, and disruptions to MS care. There were 3028/10,816 responders. Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases were more likely to have a known COVID-19 contact (odds ratio (OR): 4.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 18.54). In multivariable-adjusted models, people who were younger, had to work on site, had a lower education level, and resided in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas were less likely to follow social distancing guidelines. 4.4% reported changes to therapy plans, primarily delays in infusions, and 15.5% a disruption to rehabilitative services. Younger people with lower socioeconomic status required to work on site may be at higher exposure risk and are potential targets for educational intervention and work restrictions to limit exposure. Providers should be mindful of potential infusion delays and MS care disruption

The Pharmacokinetics and Interactions of Ivermectin in Humans—A Mini-review

Ivermectin is an antiparasitic drug with a broad spectrum of activity, high efficacy as well as a wide margin of safety. Since 1987, this compound has a widespread use in veterinary medicine and it use has been extended in humans. Here we present a brief review of the information availabile regarding the pharmacokinetics and interactions of ivermectin in humans. Awareness of these characteristics could improve the clinical efficacy of Ivermectin. All Authors declare that they do not have any Conflict of interest and that the work is original. All Authors agree that the contents of the manuscript are confidential and will not be copyrighted, submitted, or published elsewhere (including the Internet), in any language, while acceptance by the Journal is under consideration

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis desseminata an incidental finding during an emergency ceasarean section in a private health care facility in Lagos, Nigeria.

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata is a rare benign smooth muscle tumor that clinically and macroscopically simulates disseminated intra-abdominal or pelvic malignancy. It occurs predominantly in women of child bearing age and mostly discovered incidentally. A 33 year old G2P1+o lady with previous myomectomy had an emergency ceasarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) at term. Findings at surgery were consistent with disseminated intra-abdominal malignancy, however histology report showed leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata. Her follow-up radiologically for 6 month was uneventful.Keywords: Leiomyomatosis Peritonealis Disseminata (LPD), Myomectomy, Ceasarean section,Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), Omentectomy, Havana Specialist Hospital

Effects of Two Isolates of E. Maxima on the Pigmentation and the Fecal Scores of Broiler Chickens

Mild infections with two isolates of E. maxima showed significant (p&lt;0.05) shank depigmentation and fecal dropping scores. The fecal scores of the uninfected controls were normal, whereas those of the infected groups were watery and/or bloody mucoidal. The first sign of depigmentation due to coccidial infection with E. maxima was at D+5 for chickens inoculated at 2 or 6 weeks of age and D+7 and D+14 for chickens infected at 4 weeks or at 4 days, respectively. By the 35th day pi, the infected birds had not regained pigmentation comparable to those of uninfected birds. The effect of infections with the two isolates of E. maxima on four different ages of broiler chickens revealed that feces of the older infected broiler chickens were more watery and contained more blood than those of the younger infected broiler chickens (4 days old). Death resulting from coccidiosis was greatest at D+6 and D+7 among birds infected at 2 weeks or 4 weeks of age and ranged from 10 to 15%. Other mortalities in birds inoculated at 4 or 6 weeks of age were as a result of complications with Air sacculitis and Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro). Keywords:&nbsp; E. maxima, fecal scores, pigmentation, chickens, pigmentatio

The Effects of the Immunogenicity OF Four Isolates of E. Maxima on Performance Indices of Broiler Chickens

This study was designed to investigate certain details of immunogenicity, cross immunity and control of four isolates of E. maxima in broiler chickens. The field isolates were obtained from various farms in Georgia and Alabama, United States of America purified through single oocysts isolation. The degree of immunity was measured by the effects of infection on body weight, feed efficiency and pigmentation. Four different isolates of E. maxima (A, B, H, and L) tested were found to be immunogenically identical, but isolate A was more pathogenic. Chickens had substantial immunity 30 days post infection (pi) following five inoculations with E. maxima as measured by lack of oocysts in the feces. Substantial immunity was not achieved in this study until the 30th day pi. Substantial immunity was not attained until after the fifth inoculation with a dose of 50,000 oocysts of E. maxima by birds that were also allowed access to their infected feces in the litter. At D+5, the non-immunized, non-challenged birds had significantly more (p&lt;0.05) pigment than the non-immunized challenged with isolate A. Birds challenged with isolate A in treatment 4 had significantly poorer feed efficiency (p&lt;0.05) than all the other infected groups. This study indicates that resistance was dependent on the degree of infection and that the exponential increase in the inoculum produced a greater and longer lasting immunity than a single dose of inoculum. The finding in this study is substantiated by the fact that body weight gain, shank pigmentation and feed efficiency of non-immunized, non-challenged controls were no significantly different (p&gt;0.05) from those infected with isolates A, B, or L when challenged, although numerical differences existed