Effects Of Peer Victimization On LGBTQ Youth

Within the scope of available research regarding bullying and sexual harassment of LGBTQ teens, there are substantial gaps in understanding the perspectives of trauma affected LGBTQ youth. This study explored the perspectives of three individuals who identify as LGBTQ and who experienced bullying and peer victimization during a formative stage, typically, in a high school setting. Through interviewing the three subjects the researchers were able to identify mental health concerns including symptoms of depression and anxiety as well the positive and negative coping mechanisms used by participants. Results from this study can help with identifying mental health needs and add to trauma sensitive understanding of how bullying and sexual harassment specifically relate to LGBTQ teens for the development of proactive treatment modalities

Design and Development of De-oxygenation System and Temperature Control Apparatus for Nuclear Spin Relaxation Experiments

Physic

Laboratory and field evaluation of acetic acid-based lures for male Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri.

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is a vector of a pathogen associated with greening and thus a major problem in citriculture worldwide. Lures are much needed for improving ACP trapping systems for monitoring populations and surveillance. Previously, we have identified acetic acid as a putative sex pheromone and measured formic acid- and propionic acid-elicited robust electroantennographic responses. We have now thoroughly examined in indoor behavioral assays (4-way olfactometer) and field tests the feasibility of these three semiochemicals as potential lures for trapping ACP. Formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid at appropriate doses are male-specific attractants and suitable lures for ACP traps, but they do not act synergistically. An acetic acid-based homemade lure, prepared by impregnating the attractant in a polymer, was active for a day. A newly developed slow-release formulation had equal performance but lasted longer, thus leading to an important improvement in ACP trap capture at low population densities

Study of the flying ability of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) adults using a computer-monitored flight mill

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae), native to tropical Asian regions, has become a serious threat to palm trees all over the world. Knowledge of its flight potential is vital to improving the preventive and curative measures currently used to manage this pest. As R. ferrugineus is a quarantine pest, it is difficult to study its flight potential in the field. A computer-monitored flight mill was adapted to analyse the flying ability of R. ferrugineus through the study of different flight parameters (number of flights, total distance flown, longest single flight, flight duration, and average and maximum speed) and the influence of the weevil s sex, age, and body size on these flight parameters. Despite significant differences in the adult body size (body weight and length) of males and females, the sex of R. ferrugineus adults did not have an influence on their flight potential. Neither adult body size nor age was found to affect the weevil s flying abilities, although there was a significantly higher percentage of individuals flying that were 8 23 days old than 1 7 days old. Compared to the longest single flight, 54% of the insects were classified as short-distance flyers (covering <100m) and 36 and 10% were classified as medium- (100 5000m) and long-distance (> 5000m), respectively. The results are compared with similar studies on different insect species under laboratory and field conditions.The authors wish to thank researcher Daniel Sauvard (INRA - Unite de Zoologie Forestiere - Orleans) for helping in the knowledge of the flight mill technique. For the help in the design and construction of the flight mill device, we thank Anna Comes and Inaki Moratal. For the reviews on the previous versions of this manuscript, we thank Ferran Garcia-Mari (Universitat Politecnica de Valencia - Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterraneo) and Apostolos Pekas (Biobest Belgium N. V.). This research was partially funded by the Foundation of the Comunidad Valencia for the Agroalimentary Research, Agroalimed, within the project named: Study of the flight behaviour and chromatic attraction in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus adults (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).Ávalos Masó, JA.; Martí Campoy, A.; Soto Tornero, MT. (2014). Study of the flying ability of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) adults using a computer-monitored flight mill. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 104(4):462-467. doi:10.1017/S0007485314000121S4624671044OEPP/EPPO (2008). Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. Data sheets on quarantine pests. Available online at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2008.01195.x/pdf.Heath, R. R., Coffelt, J. A., Sonnet, P. E., Proshold, F. I., Dueben, B., & Tumlinson, J. H. (1986). Identification of sex pheromone produced by female sweetpotato weevil,Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 12(6), 1489-1503. doi:10.1007/bf01012367Llácer, E., Santiago-Álvarez, C., & Jacas, J. A. (2012). Could sterile males be used to vector a microbiological control agent? The case of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and Beauveria bassiana. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 103(2), 241-250. doi:10.1017/s0007485312000582Larsson, M. C., Hedin, J., Svensson, G. P., Tolasch, T., & Francke, W. (2003). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 29(3), 575-587. doi:10.1023/a:1022850704500Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Wu, K., Wyckhuys, K. A. G., & Heimpel, G. E. (2008). Flight Performance of the Soybean Aphid,Aphis glycines(Hemiptera: Aphididae) Under Different Temperature and Humidity Regimens. Environmental Entomology, 37(2), 301-306. doi:10.1093/ee/37.2.301Abbas, M. S. T., Hanounik, S. B., Shahdad, A. S., & AI-Bagham, S. A. (2005). Aggregation pheromone traps, a major component of IPM strategy for the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in date palms (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Pest Science, 79(2), 69-73. doi:10.1007/s10340-005-0113-6Wattanapongsiri A. (1966) A revision of the genera Rhynchophorus and Dynamis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). PhD thesis, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.OEPP/EPPO (2009) First record of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in: Morocco and Curaçao, Netherland Antilles. EPPO Reporting Service, Pest & Diseases 2009: No. 1.Jactel, H. (1993). INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY OF THE FLIGHT POTENTIAL OF IPS SEXDENTATUS BOERN. (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN RELATION TO DAY OF EMERGENCE, SEX, SIZE, AND LIPID CONTENT. The Canadian Entomologist, 125(5), 919-930. doi:10.4039/ent125919-5Eller, F. J., & Bartelt, R. J. (1996). Grandisoic Acid, a Male-Produced Aggregation Pheromone from the Plum Curculio,Conotrachelusnenuphar. Journal of Natural Products, 59(4), 451-453. doi:10.1021/np960102wComing together and keeping apart: aggregation and host-marking pheromones. (2003). Pheromones and Animal Behaviour, 74-86. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511615061.005Jactel, H., & Gaillard, J. (1991). A preliminary study of the dispersal potential ofIps sexdentatus(Boern) (Col., Scolytidae) with an automatically recording flight mill. Journal of Applied Entomology, 112(1-5), 138-145. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1991.tb01039.xTanaka, K., & Yamanaka, T. (2009). Factors Affecting Flight Activity of Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), an Exotic Insect in Japan. Environmental Entomology, 38(1), 235-241. doi:10.1603/022.038.0129SOUTHWOOD, T. R. E. (1962). MIGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS IN RELATION TO HABITAT. Biological Reviews, 37(2), 171-211. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1962.tb01609.xWu, H., Wu, K., Wang, D., & Guo, Y. (2006). Flight Potential of Pink Bollworm,Pectinophora gossypiellaSaunders (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Environmental Entomology, 35(4), 887-893. doi:10.1603/0046-225x-35.4.887Cooter, R. J., & Armes, N. J. (1993). Tethered Flight Technique for Monitoring the Flight Performance of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology, 22(2), 339-345. doi:10.1093/ee/22.2.339Hallett, R. H., Gries, G., Gries, R., Borden, J. H., Czyzewska, E., Oehlschlager, A. C., … Rauf, A. (1993). Aggregation pheromones of two asian palm Weevils,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus andR. vulneratus. Naturwissenschaften, 80(7), 328-331. doi:10.1007/bf01141908Chen, H., Kaufmann, C., & Scherm, H. (2006). Laboratory Evaluation of Flight Performance of the Plum Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 99(6), 2065-2071. doi:10.1093/jee/99.6.2065Kloft, W., Kloft, E., Kanagaratnam, P., & Pinto, J. (2009). Studies on the Use of Radioisotopes for the Control of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferruginues F. by the Sterile Insect Technique. COCOS, 4(0), 11. doi:10.4038/cocos.v4i0.979Dubois, G. F., Le Gouar, P. J., Delettre, Y. R., Brustel, H., & Vernon, P. (2010). Sex-biased and body condition dependent dispersal capacity in the endangered saproxylic beetle Osmoderma eremita (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae). Journal of Insect Conservation, 14(6), 679-687. doi:10.1007/s10841-010-9296-0El-Sabea, A. M. R., Faleiro, J. R., & Abo-El-Saad, M. M. (2009). The threat of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus to date plantations of the Gulf region in the Middle-East: An economic perspective. Outlooks on Pest Management, 20(3), 131-134. doi:10.1564/20jun11Hughes, J., & Dorn, S. (2002). Sexual differences in the flight performance of the oriental fruit moth, Cydia molesta. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 103(2), 171-182. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.00967.xMoriya, S., & Hiroyoshi, S. (1998). Flight and Locomotion Activity of the Sweet potato Weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae) in Relation to Adult Age, Mating Status, and Starvation. Journal of Economic Entomology, 91(2), 439-443. doi:10.1093/jee/91.2.439Vit�, J. P., Bakke, A., & Hughes, P. R. (1974). Ein Populationslockstoff des zw�lfz�hnigen Kiefernborkenk�fersIps sexdentatus. Die Naturwissenschaften, 61(8), 365-366. doi:10.1007/bf00600309Weissling, T. J., Giblin-Davis, R. M., Center, B. J., & Hiyakawa, T. (1994). Flight Behavior and Seasonal Trapping of Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87(5), 641-647. doi:10.1093/aesa/87.5.641Weissling, T. J., Giblin-Davis, R. M., Gries, G., Gries, R., Perez, A. L., Pierce, H. D., & Oehlschlager, A. C. (1994). Aggregation pheromone of palmetto weevil,Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 20(3), 505-515. doi:10.1007/bf02059593Sarvary, M. A., Hight, S. D., Carpenter, J. E., Bloem, S., Bloem, K. A., & Dorn, S. (2008). Identification of Factors Influencing Flight Performance of Field-Collected and Laboratory-Reared, Overwintered, and Nonoverwintered Cactus Moths Fed with Field-Collected Host Plants. Environmental Entomology, 37(5), 1291-1299. doi:10.1093/ee/37.5.1291Gries, G., Gries, R., Perez, A. L., Oehlschlager, A. C., Gonzales, L. M., Pierce, H. D., … Nanou, N. (1993). Aggregation pheromone of the African palm weevil,Rhynchophorus phoenicis F. Naturwissenschaften, 80(2), 90-91. doi:10.1007/bf01140426Rochat, D., Malosse, C., Lettere, M., Ducrot, P.-H., Zagatti, P., Renou, M., & Descoins, C. (1991). Male-produced aggregation pheromone of the american palm weevil,Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): Collection, identification, electrophysiogical activity, and laboratory bioassay. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 17(11), 2127-2141. doi:10.1007/bf00987996SCHUMACHER, P., WEyENETH, A., WEBER, D. C., & DORN, S. (1997). Long flights in Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) measured by a flight mill: influence of sex, mated status and age. Physiological Entomology, 22(2), 149-160. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1997.tb01152.

Lures for red palm weevil trapping systems: aggregation pheromone and synthetic kairomone

[EN] BACKGROUNDThe optimisation of the lure is essential for the implementation of trapping systems to control insect pests. In this work, the response of the red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, to increasing emission rates of its aggregation pheromone (ferrugineol) and the efficacy of a convenient synthetic kairomone based on fermentation odours (ethyl acetate and ethanol) have been evaluated in different years and locations along the Mediterranean basin. RESULTSIn general, although capture data and emission had noticeable variability among locations, significantly fewer RPW were captured in pyramidal Picusan (R) traps with the lowest ferrugineol emission rates tested (0.6-3.8 mg day(-1)). Captures increased rapidly with ferrugineol emission up to 4-5 mg day(-1); then, higher emission rates did not improve or reduce captures, up to the highest emission rate tested of 50.9 mg day(-1). Thus, there is no evidence of an optimum release rate corresponding to a maximum of RPW catches. Traps baited with the synthetic kairomone (1:3 ethyl acetate/ethanol) captured 1.4-2.2 times more total weevils than traps baited only with ferrugineol. Moreover, in most of the locations, the synthetic blend was at least as effective as the local coattractants used (plant material + molasses). CONCLUSIONSFerrugineol emission rate can vary in a wide range without significantly affecting RPW response. Coattractants based on fermenting compounds, ethyl acetate and ethanol, are able to improve the attractant level of ferrugineol and could be employed to replace non-standardised natural kairomones in RPW trapping systems after further optimisation of their proportions and doses. (c) 2016 Society of Chemical IndustryThe research leading to these results has received funding from the 7th European Union Framework Programme under Grant Agreement FP7 KBBE 2011-5-289566 (PALM PROTECT). The authors would like to thank Yaakov Nakashe and Ami Landau for field assistance in the trials conducted in Israel, and Gikarakis Dimitrios and Fokas Vlasis for field assistance in the trials conducted in Greece.Vacas González, S.; Melita, O.; Michaelakis, A.; Milonas, P.; Minuz, R.; Riolo, P.; Abbas, M.... (2017). Lures for red palm weevil trapping systems: aggregation pheromone and synthetic kairomone. Pest Management Science. 73(1):223-231. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4289S22323173

Pheromone chirality of african palm weevil, Rhynchophorus phoenicis (F.) and palmetto weevil, Rhynthophorus crueniatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

There are four stereoisomers of both 3-methyl-octan-4-ol, the aggregation pheromone of the African palm weevil,Rhynchophorus phoenicis (F.) and 5-methyl-octan-4-ol, the aggregation pheromone of the palmetto weevil,Rhynchophorus cruentatus (F.). Synthetic stereoisomers of 3-methyl-octan-4-ol and 5-methyl-octan-4-ol were baseline-separated on a Cyclodex-B fused silica column. Use of this column in gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses revealed that only one stereoisomer, (3S,4S)-3-methyl-octan-4-ol and (4S,5S)-5-methyl-octan-4-ol, is produced by maleR. phoenicis and maleR. cruentatus, respectively, and elicits good antennal responses by conspecific male and female weevils. In field trapping experiments, withR. phoenicis in Côte d'Ivoire andR. cruentatus in Florida, (3S,4S)-3-methyl-octan-4-ol and (4S,5S)-5-methyl-octan-4-ol strongly enhanced attraction of fresh palm tissue, whereas other stereoisomers were behaviorally benign. Stereoisomeric 3-methyl-octan-4-ol and 5-methyl-octan-4-ol may be utilized to monitor and/or manage populations of these two palm weevils.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA

Large scale cosmic-ray anisotropy with KASCADE

The results of an analysis of the large scale anisotropy of cosmic rays in the PeV range are presented. The Rayleigh formalism is applied to the right ascension distribution of extensive air showers measured by the KASCADE experiment.The data set contains about 10^8 extensive air showers in the energy range from 0.7 to 6 PeV. No hints for anisotropy are visible in the right ascension distributions in this energy range. This accounts for all showers as well as for subsets containing showers induced by predominantly light respectively heavy primary particles. Upper flux limits for Rayleigh amplitudes are determined to be between 10^-3 at 0.7 PeV and 10^-2 at 6 PeV primary energy.Comment: accepted by The Astrophysical Journa

Primary Proton Spectrum of Cosmic Rays measured with Single Hadrons

The flux of cosmic-ray induced single hadrons near sea level has been measured with the large hadron calorimeter of the KASCADE experiment. The measurement corroborates former results obtained with detectors of smaller size if the enlarged veto of the 304 m^2 calorimeter surface is encounted for. The program CORSIKA/QGSJET is used to compute the cosmic-ray flux above the atmosphere. Between E_0=300 GeV and 1 PeV the primary proton spectrum can be described with a power law parametrized as dJ/dE_0=(0.15+-0.03)*E_0^{-2.78+-0.03} m^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 TeV^-1. In the TeV region the proton flux compares well with the results from recent measurements of direct experiments.Comment: 13 pages, accepted by Astrophysical Journa