TRIBUNAL ARBITRAL DE PROTELEC S.A.S. VS. CONSTRUCTORA CONACERO S.A.S.

1552

La insuficiencia de especialistas médicos en Colombia

La creciente demanda de servicios médicos en razón del aumento en la cobertura del aseguramiento en salud, ha puesto en discusión la capacidad del Sistema General de Salud de responder ante dicha demanda. La disponibilidad de especialistas para atender la demanda es uno de los aspectos que más preocupa pues en los últimos se ha venido hablando de un déficit con respecto a las necesidades poblacionales. En este sentido el presente documento evidencia dicho déficit contrastando estudios previos de los años 2011 y 2016 y plantea como forma de suplir la demanda de especialistas, cambios en la forma en que los cupos para especialización son ofertados desde el sistema educativo, pues dicho sistema define en gran medida la cantidad de especialistas que hay en el Sistema de Salud.The document shows a deficit in the availability of medical specialists and is considered as a way to meet the demand for specialized services, regarding the way in which specialization fees are offered in the education system

La comprensión de textos narrativos en el nivel inferencial a partir de la estrategia aprendizaje colaborativo

"Este trabajo presenta una estrategia de intervención educativa desarrollada con el propósito de fortalecer en los estudiantes del grado tercero, de tres Instituciones Educativas del nordeste antioqueño, sus destrezas en relación con la comprensión lectora en el nivel inferencial a partir del abordaje de textos narrativos (fábulas y cuentos) mediante la propuesta metodológica de Aprendizaje Colaborativo. La estrategia vincula estudiantes, padres de familia y docentes en actividades de análisis y comprensión textual donde se conjugan los pre-saberes y la interacción colectiva a favor de la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos. Para determinar las acciones conceptuales y metodológicas de la intervención en las cuatro sedes educativas, se parte de la observación de las Pruebas Saber y del Índice Sintético de Calidad Educativa (ISCE) de los años lectivos 2014, 2015 y 2016 y también de los resultados de la prueba de entrada (pretest). Este análisis documental muestra que los estudiantes manifiestan dificultades en la interpretación de la información que no está de manera explícita en los textos escritos, en la comprensión de significados, la identificación de ideas principales y los propósitos del autor, factores que inciden en que haya una mayor identificación de información literal en vez de la inferencial o crítica, impidiendo avances más significativos en la competencia interpretativa. El método o tipo de investigación es cualitativo porque ""involucra preguntas y procedimientos emergentes, datos recolectados típicamente en el entorno de participante, análisis de datos que se construyen inductivamente desde temas específicos a temas generales, y la realización de parte del investigador de interpretaciones del significado de los datos"". (Adaptado de Creswell, 2009). Este enfoque se convierte en el instrumento fundamental para dar respuesta al interrogante planteado y ratificar, una vez más, que el trabajo de aula o fuera de ella, abordado desde modelos o estrategias colaborativas que vinculen a padres, estudiantes y docentes, realmente contribuyen a la cualificación y fortalecimiento de los procesos pedagógicos.""This work presents a strategy of educational intervention developed with the purpose of strengthening in students of the Third Degree, of three Educational Schools of the Northeast region of Antioquia, their skills in relation to reading comprehension at the inferential level from the approach of narrative texts (fables and stories) through the methodological proposal of Collaborative Learning. The strategy links students, parents and teachers in textual analysis and comprehension activities where pre-knowledge and collective interaction are combined in favor of acquiring new knowledge. To determine the conceptual and methodological actions of the intervention in the four educational centers, the observation of the Knowledge Tests and the Synthetic Index of Educational Quality (ISCE) for the 2014, 2015 and 2016 school years and also the results of the entrance test (pretest). This documentary analysis shows that students manifest difficulties in the interpretation of non-explicit information in written texts, in the understanding of meanings, the identification of main ideas and the author's purposes, factors that influence in there being a greater identification of literal information instead of inferential or critical, impeding significant advances in interpretive competence. The method or type of research is qualitative because it ""involves questions and emerging procedures, data typically collected in the participant environment, analysis of data is constructed inductively from specific topics to general topics, and the performance of the researcher's interpretations of the meaning of the data "". (Adapted from Creswell, 2009). This approach becomes the fundamental instrument to answer the question posed and ratify, once again, that classroom work or outside it, addressed from models or collaborative strategies that link parents, students and teachers, really contribute to the qualification and strengthening of pedagogical processes.

Quantifying the effects of medium voltage–low voltage distribution network constraints and distributed energy resource reactive power capabilities on aggregators

From Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2020-08-25, rev-recd 2021-02-01, accepted 2021-02-10, pub-electronic 2021-03-01, pub-print 2021-07Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedAbstract: Distributed energy resources (DER), such as, photovoltaic systems and batteries, are becoming common among households. Although the main objective is reducing electricity imports (bills), they could also provide system‐level services via an aggregator. However, the more DER provide services, the more important is ensuring that the corresponding operation does not result in network issues. To help DER aggregators understand the implications of network constraints, an AC optimal power flow‐based methodology is proposed to quantify the effects that three‐phase low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) network constraints can have on the volume of services that can be provided for a given horizon, and the potential benefits from using DER reactive power capabilities. Using a convex multi‐period formulation that avoids binary variables for batteries and incorporates voltage‐dependent load models, the methodology maximizes DER exports (services) for service‐related periods and household self‐consumption for other periods (reducing bills). Different service periods are assessed to explore the extent of services throughout the day. Results using a realistic UK MV‐LV network with 2400+ households, show that aggregator services can be highly overestimated when neglecting MV‐LV network constraints, are influenced by voltage‐demand load characteristics, and that exploiting DER reactive power capabilities can significantly unlock further services

Crystallization of PNIPAM-hydrogel nanospheres inferred by static light scattering

In this paper we present a kinetic study on crystallization of a colloidal dispersion formed by thermosensitive Poly-N- Isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) nanospheres. The liquid-crystal transition is induced by decreasing the temperature of the dispersion and the crystallization process is monitored by measuring the evolution of the static structure factor of the dispersion by means of light scattering techniques. The measured static structure factor confirms the formation of a mesoscopic crystal array at the final equilibrium state, which is preceded by two stages: nucleation and crystal growth

Productividad y propietarios con diferentes objetivos: el caso de las sociedades de garantía recíproca

Las sociedades de garantía recíprocas (SGR) son un instrumento para facilitar el acceso a la financiación a las pymes mediante la concesión de avales. Se trata de sociedades donde cohabitan dos tipos diferentes de propietarios: los socios partícipes, que son las pymes avaladas, y los socios protectores que participan para apoyar el funcionamiento del sistema. En este último grupo tiene un papel primordial las administraciones públicas. Toda sociedad tiene por objetivo satisfacer los intereses de sus propietarios, por lo que estimamos la productividad en la consecución de los intereses de cada uno de los grupos. Asimismo también estimamos la productividad en la consecución de los intereses de los gestores y de la eficiencia técnica para comprobar su compatibilidad con los intereses de los propietarios. Todos los datos nos aportarán el grado de complementariedad que logra cada sociedad en la consecución de los diferentes intereses.Mutual guarantee societies (MGS) are a good vehicle to improve the financing of the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). In MGS there are two major types of shareholders, a) participant SMEs which have received a loan guarantee and which have a stake in the MGS and b) protector shareholder which include public and private institutions such as local and regional governments, chamber of commerce and financial institutions although public institutions play a major role. Each group of shareholders has its own interests. We estimate the productivity over time for each group of shareholders in order to obtain a complete picture of the efficiency of MGS and in order to estimate how the different group objectives are achieved. Also we estimate the productivity in the attainment of the interests of the managers and the technical efficiency to check their compatibility with the interests of the owners

Transport of light in amorphous photonic materials

Amorphous photonic materials based on dense assemblies of high refractive index spherical particles are presented. Light transmission through these photonic glasses shows a nontrivial wavelength dependence. The transmission spectra can be quantitatively reproduced by modeling the optical properties starting from their building blocks. Our results emphasize the relevance of including short range order correlations and an appropriate effective refractive index in the analysis of light transmission through amorphous photonic materials

Impact of volume transition on the net charge of poly-NN-isopropyl acrylamide microgels

We explore the electrostatic properties of poly-N-isopropyl acrylamide microgels in dilute, quasi-de-ionized dispersions and show that the apparent net charge of these thermosensitive microgels is an increasing function of their size, the size being conveniently varied by temperature. Our experimental results obtained in a combination of light scattering, conductivity, and mobility experiments are consistent with those obtained in Poisson-Boltzmann cell model calculations, effectively indicating that upon shrinking the number of counterions entrapped within the microgels increases. Remarkably, this behavior shows that the electrostatic energy per particle remains constant upon swelling or deswelling the microgel, resulting in a square root dependence of the net charge on the particle radius