42 research outputs found
Functional compartmentalization of Rad9 and Hus1 reveals diverse assembly of the 9-1-1 complex components during the DNA damage response in Leishmania
The Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 (9-1-1) complex is a key component in the coordination of DNA damage sensing, cell cycle progression and DNA repair pathways in eukaryotic cells. This PCNA-related trimer is loaded onto RPA-coated single stranded DNA and interacts with ATR kinase to mediate effective checkpoint signaling to halt the cell cycle and to promote DNA repair. Beyond these core activities, mounting evidence suggests that a broader range of functions can be provided by 9-1-1 structural diversification. The protozoan parasite Leishmania is an early-branching eukaryote with a remarkably plastic genome, which hints at peculiar genome maintenance mechanisms. Here, we investigated the existence of homologs of the 9-1-1 complex subunits in L. major and found that LmRad9 and LmRad1 associate with chromatin in response to replication stress and form a complex in vivo with LmHus1. Similar to LmHus1, LmRad9 participates in telomere homeostasis and in the response to both replication stress and double strand breaks. However, LmRad9 and LmHus1-deficient cells present markedly opposite phenotypes, which suggest their functional compartmentalization. We show that some of the cellular pool of LmRad9 forms an alternative complex and that some of LmHus1 exists as a monomer. We propose that the diverse assembly of the Leishmania 9-1-1 subunits mediates functional compartmentalization, which has a direct impact on the response to genotoxic stress
La regulación metacognitiva en la resolución de problemas matemáticos
Las estrategias metacognitivas le permiten al ser humano reflexionar sobre su propio pensamiento y razonamiento a la hora de buscar la solución a un problema determinado. Sin embargo, no siempre las personas desarrollan la capacidad de reconocer dichas estrategias y aplicarlas con la intención de planificar cualquier acción que conduzca a una solución determinada. Es el caso de los adolescentes durante el desarrollo de los contenidos de las matemáticas escolares, ya que muchos de ellos desconocen la manera en la que pueden ejecutar de manera organizada su razonamiento, sino que bajo las exigencias evaluativas del sistema escolar se apresuran a llegar a una respuesta, sea esta correcta o no. Este trabajo se desarrolló entonces bajo una metodología cualitativa, de alcance descriptivo a través de tres instrumentos de recolección: encuesta de escala Likert, diarios de campo, y una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a una muestra de estudiantes de grado décimo en una institución pública rural del municipio de Trujillo en el Valle del Cauca para analizar las estrategias metacognitivas que utilizan para el desarrollo de los problemas matemáticos y la aplicación de los conceptos que aprenden en clase.Metacognitive strategies allow the human being to reflect on their own thinking and reasoning when looking for a solution to a specific problem. However, people do not always develop the capacity to recognize these strategies and apply them with the intention of planning any action that leads to a certain solution. This is the case of adolescents during the development of the contents of school mathematics, since many of them do not know how they can execute their reasoning in an organized manner, but rather under the evaluative demands of the school system they rush to reach an answer, whether it is correct or not. This work was then developed under a qualitative methodology, of descriptive scope through three collection instruments: Likert scale survey, field diaries, and a semistructured interview applied to a sample of tenth grade students of the Rural Public V Institution of Trujillo, from the municipality of Trujillo in Valle del Cauca to analyze the metacognitive strategies they use for the development of mathematical problems and the application of the concepts they learn in class
Genome duplication in Leishmania major relies on persistent subtelomeric DNA replication
DNA replication is needed to duplicate a cell’s genome in S phase and segregate it during cell division. Previous work in Leishmania detected DNA replication initiation at just a single region in each chromosome, an organisation predicted to be insufficient for complete genome duplication within S phase. Here, we show that acetylated histone H3 (AcH3), base J and a kinetochore factor co-localise in each chromosome at only a single locus, which corresponds with previously mapped DNA replication initiation regions and is demarcated by localised G/T skew and G4 patterns. In addition, we describe previously undetected subtelomeric DNA replication in G2/M and G1-phase-enriched cells. Finally, we show that subtelomeric DNA replication, unlike chromosome-internal DNA replication, is sensitive to hydroxyurea and dependent on 9-1-1 activity. These findings indicate that Leishmania’s genome duplication programme employs subtelomeric DNA replication initiation, possibly extending beyond S phase, to support predominantly chromosome-internal DNA replication initiation within S phase
Estrategia de comunicación en salud para prevenir y tratar las enfermedades no transmisibles en el departamento del Valle del Cauca para el año 2022.
El presente trabajo tiene como fin reconocer algunos factores que inciden en las enfermedades no transmisibles para por medio de la investigación y la intervención mejorar la calidad de vida de la población objeto de estudio.
En la revisión del documento Análisis de Situaciones en Salud ASIS del departamento del Valle del Cauca se encontró que algunas causas de morbilidad y discapacidad son las enfermedades no trasmisibles (ENT) o también conocidas como enfermedades crónicas, muchas de estas enfermedades se pueden prevenir si se lleva a cabo una vida más saludable en alimentación, actividad física, el no uso de bebidas alcohólicas o tabaco entre otras.
Estas enfermedades al ser constituidas como una de las principales causas de muerte en el Valle del Cauca acaparan la atención y se tratarán de prevenir por medio de programas del sector salud, todo esto se lleva a cabo mediante la comunicación en salud.
La información que es brindada por entes territoriales de salud va dirigida a la población general, pero, con énfasis en personas con factores de riego como, por ejemplo: edad, antecedentes familiares, dietas poco saludables, presión alta, colesterol, diabetes y obesidad. Esto se hace con el fin de evitar complicación a los pacientes ya diagnosticados por medio de una vigilancia epidemiológica y de la comunicación médico- paciente, se logra centrar la atención en un mejor tratamiento.
Las principales estrategias de disminución en el riesgo de padecer una ENT se otorgan por medio de programas y campañas sobre la prevención, ya con esta orientación brindada se espera lograr cambios conductuales y a su vez esperar que el paciente se acople de manera correcta, y mejore su salud y se espera como resultado después de la información brindada que el paciente conozca y tenga menos posibilidades de recaer en otras patologías.The purpose of this work is to recognize some factors that affect noncommunicable diseases in order to improve the quality of life of the population under study through research and intervention.
In the review of the document Analysis of Health Situations ASIS of the department of Valle del Cauca, it was found that some causes of morbidity and disability are non-communicable diseases (NCDs) or also known as chronic diseases, many of these diseases can be prevented if they are leads a healthier life in diet, physical activity, not using alcoholic beverages or tobacco, among others.
These diseases, being constituted as one of the main causes of death in Valle del Cauca, attract attention and will be tried to prevent through health sector programs, all this is carried out through health communication.
The information that is provided by territorial health entities is aimed at the general population, but with emphasis on people with risk factors such as: age, family history, unhealthy diets, high blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes and obesity. This is done in order to avoid complications for patients already diagnosed through epidemiological surveillance and doctor-patient communication, it is possible to focus attention on better treatment.
The main strategies to reduce the risk of suffering from an NCD are granted through programs and campaigns on prevention, since with this guidance provided it is expected to achieve behavioral changes and in turn hope that the patient will fit in correctly, and improve their health and it is expected as a result after the information provided that the patient knows and has less chances of relapsing into other pathologies
Conditional genome engineering reveals canonical and divergent roles for the Hus1 component of the 9-1-1 complex in the maintenance of the plastic genome of Leishmania.
Leishmania species are protozoan parasites whose remarkably plastic genome limits the establishment of effective genetic manipulation and leishmaniasis treatment. The strategies used by Leishmania to maintain its genome while allowing variability are not fully understood. Here, we used DiCre-mediated conditional gene deletion to show that HUS1, a component of the 9-1-1 (RAD9- RAD1-HUS1) complex, is essential and is required for a G2/M checkpoint. By analyzing genome wide instability in HUS1 ablated cells, HUS1 is shown to have a conserved role, by which it preserves genome stability, and also a divergent role, by which it promotes genome variability. These roles of HUS1 are related to distinct patterns of formation and resolution of single-stranded DNA and γH2A, throughout the cell cycle. Our findings suggest that Leishmania 9-1-1 subunits have evolved to co-opt canonical genomic maintenance and genomic variation functions. Hence, this study reveals a pivotal function of HUS1 in balancing genome stability and transmission in Leishmania. These findings may be relevant to understanding the evolution of genome maintenance and plasticity in other pathogens and eukaryote
Mejora de los procesos de compra en Concisa Ltda Construcciones civiles y sanitarias
El siguiente informe es una aplicación teórica-practica realizada a una mediana
empresa de la ciudad de Cali (Concisa Ltda.), la cual tiene grandes dificultades en
materia de gestión administrativa y operativa.
No obstante, es una de las muchas empresas familiares que están saliendo
adelante a pesar de los múltiples inconvenientes a los que se enfrenta, por lo
tanto, la propuesta de este estudio se resume en un plan de mejoramiento en el
área de compras, dado que presenta importantes deficiencias y administra los
recursos más costosos de la empresa, como lo son los materiales e insumos.
En el estudio se identificaron especialmente problemas de control, hechos que no
solo afectan al área de suministros sino a toda la organización, por lo que se
plantea un diagnóstico general del área de compras que finalmente se traduce en
un plan de mejoramiento que tiende a resolver dichas dificultades.
En efecto, el desarrollo del plan de mejoramiento se enfoca en la gestión de
procesos, pues la formulación de procesos es una tarea que la empresa puede
implementar en el corto plazo para controlar sus recursos.
Finalmente se describen las herramientas de control del plan de mejoramiento con
su respectiva conclusión, la cual es importante, para analizar los resultados del
informePasantía (Ingeniero Industrial)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2008PregradoIngeniero(a) Industria
Betty Valencia : Columna de opinión Rectora Cali
La formación es un proceso no formal donde se recibe determinado conocimiento con el fin de suplir necesidades detectadas.
Nuestra Institución Educativa, hoy goza del privilegio de pertenecer a la formación impartida por la Tecnoacademia del Sena (Cali)
Deficiency of checkpoint proteins HUS1 and RAD9 promotes copy number variation in the Leishmania major genome
A variação do número de cópias (CNV) de genes e cromossomos é uma característica comum do genoma plástico de Leishmania major, que pode estar associada à resistência do parasita à quimioterapia das leishmanioses. Em outros eucariotos, alterações na replicação do DNA ou na resposta a danos no DNA (DDR) pode levar à CNV. Nestes organismos, o complexo de checkpoint 9-1-1 (RAD9, RAD1 e HUS1) é essencial para a detecção e a sinalização do estresse de replicação e para o recrutamento de uma apropriada DDR. Já demonstramos que L. major expressa um homólogo 9-1-1 funcional. Aqui, avaliamos a deficiência de subunidades de 9-1-1 na variação do número de cópias em células selecionadas em metotrexato (MTX), um inibidor da enzima diidrofolato redutase timidilato sintetase (DHFR-TS). A seleção em MTX facilita o isolamento de células que carregam amplificações contendo o locus da DHFR-TS. Assim, selecionamos células deficientes de HUS1 ou RAD9 para resistência ao MTX sem e com exposição previa a hidroxiureia (HU), uma droga que causa estresse de replicação por inibição da ribonucleotídeo redutase, e avaliamos o efeito da deficiência destas proteínas na CNV e no tipo de amplificação gerada. Avaliamos também o efeito da deficiência destas proteínas no processo de síntese do DNA medido pela incorporação de IdU e observamos que a deficiência destas proteínas levou a um incremento na síntese do DNA na ausência de estresse de replicação e a perfis opostos de síntese do DNA após a remoção do estresse replicativo. Análises da detecção de simples fita do DNA (ssDNA) e da histona H2A fosforilada (?H2A) como indicadores do processo de estresse de replicação e dano no DNA também foram conduzidas. Em conjunto, nossos resultados indicam que (i) os níveis alterados das proteínas HUS1 e RAD9 afetam o padrão da CNV após a seleção no MTX, assim como a natureza da amplificação; (ii) HUS1 e RAD9 parecem possuir mecanismos distintos para mediar a CNV; (iii) a função destas proteínas na CNV deve envolver o processo de replicação e (iv) HUS1 e RAD9 são requeridas para a manutenção da estabilidade genômica em Leishmania. Estes resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão não só da evolução da via de sinalização mediada pelo complexo de checkpoint 9-1-1 nos eucariotos, mas também da bases moleculares da plasticidade genômica e do fenômeno de amplificação gênica em Leishmania.The copy number variation (CNV) of genes and chromosomes is a common feature of the plastic genome of Leishmania major, which is normally associated with resistance of the parasite to the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis. In other eukaryotes, alteration in DNA replication and DNA damage response (DDR) causes CNV. In these organisms, the RAD9-RAD1-HUS1 (9-1-1) checkpoint complex is essential for detection and signaling of replication stress and recruitment of an appropriate DDR. We have already demonstrated that L. major expresses a functional 9-1-1 homolog. Here we evaluated the effect of 9-1-1 subunit deficiency in CNV of cells selected in methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthetase (DHFR-TS) enzyme. Selection in MTX facilitates the isolation of cells that carry amplicons containing the DHFR-TS locus. Thus, we selected HUS1 or RAD9 deficient cells for MTX resistance without and prior exposure to hydroxyurea (HU), a drug that causes replication stress due to inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, and evaluated not only CNV, but also the nature of the amplification generated. We also evaluated the effect of deficiency of these proteins in the DNA synthesis process measured by IdU incorporation and observed that the deficiency of these proteins led to an increase in DNA synthesis in the absence of replication stress, and to opposite profiles of DNA synthesis after removal of replicative stress. Analyzes of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and phosphorylated histone H2A (?H2A) as indicators of replication stress and DNA damage were also conducted in both presence and absence of replicative stress. Taken together, our results indicate that (i) altered levels of HUS1 and RAD9 proteins affect the CNV pattern after selection in MTX, as well as the nature of amplification; (ii) HUS1 and RAD9 possibly have different mechanisms to mediate CNV; (iii) the function of these proteins in CNV seems to involve replication process and (iv) HUS1 and RAD9 are required for the maintenance of genomic stability in Leishmania. These findings contribute to a better understanding not only of the evolution of the signaling pathway mediated by 9-1-1 checkpoint complex in eukaryotes, but also of the molecular basis of the genome plasticity and the gene amplification phenomenon in Leishmania
Deficiency of checkpoint proteins HUS1 and RAD9 promotes copy number variation in the Leishmania major genome
A variação do número de cópias (CNV) de genes e cromossomos é uma característica comum do genoma plástico de Leishmania major, que pode estar associada à resistência do parasita à quimioterapia das leishmanioses. Em outros eucariotos, alterações na replicação do DNA ou na resposta a danos no DNA (DDR) pode levar à CNV. Nestes organismos, o complexo de checkpoint 9-1-1 (RAD9, RAD1 e HUS1) é essencial para a detecção e a sinalização do estresse de replicação e para o recrutamento de uma apropriada DDR. Já demonstramos que L. major expressa um homólogo 9-1-1 funcional. Aqui, avaliamos a deficiência de subunidades de 9-1-1 na variação do número de cópias em células selecionadas em metotrexato (MTX), um inibidor da enzima diidrofolato redutase timidilato sintetase (DHFR-TS). A seleção em MTX facilita o isolamento de células que carregam amplificações contendo o locus da DHFR-TS. Assim, selecionamos células deficientes de HUS1 ou RAD9 para resistência ao MTX sem e com exposição previa a hidroxiureia (HU), uma droga que causa estresse de replicação por inibição da ribonucleotídeo redutase, e avaliamos o efeito da deficiência destas proteínas na CNV e no tipo de amplificação gerada. Avaliamos também o efeito da deficiência destas proteínas no processo de síntese do DNA medido pela incorporação de IdU e observamos que a deficiência destas proteínas levou a um incremento na síntese do DNA na ausência de estresse de replicação e a perfis opostos de síntese do DNA após a remoção do estresse replicativo. Análises da detecção de simples fita do DNA (ssDNA) e da histona H2A fosforilada (?H2A) como indicadores do processo de estresse de replicação e dano no DNA também foram conduzidas. Em conjunto, nossos resultados indicam que (i) os níveis alterados das proteínas HUS1 e RAD9 afetam o padrão da CNV após a seleção no MTX, assim como a natureza da amplificação; (ii) HUS1 e RAD9 parecem possuir mecanismos distintos para mediar a CNV; (iii) a função destas proteínas na CNV deve envolver o processo de replicação e (iv) HUS1 e RAD9 são requeridas para a manutenção da estabilidade genômica em Leishmania. Estes resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão não só da evolução da via de sinalização mediada pelo complexo de checkpoint 9-1-1 nos eucariotos, mas também da bases moleculares da plasticidade genômica e do fenômeno de amplificação gênica em Leishmania.The copy number variation (CNV) of genes and chromosomes is a common feature of the plastic genome of Leishmania major, which is normally associated with resistance of the parasite to the chemotherapy of leishmaniasis. In other eukaryotes, alteration in DNA replication and DNA damage response (DDR) causes CNV. In these organisms, the RAD9-RAD1-HUS1 (9-1-1) checkpoint complex is essential for detection and signaling of replication stress and recruitment of an appropriate DDR. We have already demonstrated that L. major expresses a functional 9-1-1 homolog. Here we evaluated the effect of 9-1-1 subunit deficiency in CNV of cells selected in methotrexate (MTX), an inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthetase (DHFR-TS) enzyme. Selection in MTX facilitates the isolation of cells that carry amplicons containing the DHFR-TS locus. Thus, we selected HUS1 or RAD9 deficient cells for MTX resistance without and prior exposure to hydroxyurea (HU), a drug that causes replication stress due to inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, and evaluated not only CNV, but also the nature of the amplification generated. We also evaluated the effect of deficiency of these proteins in the DNA synthesis process measured by IdU incorporation and observed that the deficiency of these proteins led to an increase in DNA synthesis in the absence of replication stress, and to opposite profiles of DNA synthesis after removal of replicative stress. Analyzes of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and phosphorylated histone H2A (?H2A) as indicators of replication stress and DNA damage were also conducted in both presence and absence of replicative stress. Taken together, our results indicate that (i) altered levels of HUS1 and RAD9 proteins affect the CNV pattern after selection in MTX, as well as the nature of amplification; (ii) HUS1 and RAD9 possibly have different mechanisms to mediate CNV; (iii) the function of these proteins in CNV seems to involve replication process and (iv) HUS1 and RAD9 are required for the maintenance of genomic stability in Leishmania. These findings contribute to a better understanding not only of the evolution of the signaling pathway mediated by 9-1-1 checkpoint complex in eukaryotes, but also of the molecular basis of the genome plasticity and the gene amplification phenomenon in Leishmania
Judeofobia, sionismo y paranoia en “amor tardío” de Amos Oz : reminiscencias de la persecución y la resistencia del pueblo hebreo
La persecución a la comunidad judía ha sido una constante a lo largo de la Historia justificada principalmente en diferencias religiosas, raciales y nacionalismos. Hecho que deriva en secuelas psicológicas, permeando generaciones de judíos que aguardan por un nuevo intento de exterminio a su pueblo. Tal es el caso de Shraga Unger, un anciano sionista, personaje principal de la novela corta Amor tardío del autor israelí Amos Oz, cuya paranoia se centra en la idea obsesiva de una conspiración de parte de los bolcheviques para acabar con sus hermanos judíos en Rusia, Israel y después con el mundo entero. Razón por la cual, en el presente trabajo se explora el contexto histórico-social enfocado en la denominada cuestión judía junto con los conceptos: judeofobia, sionismo y paranoia, que convergen en el material literario para exponer la problemática de un rechazo perpetuado durante generaciones a la par de sus efectos colaterales.PregradoLICENCIADO(A) EN LITERATUR