Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Entrepreneurship Among Women In Fishing Communities In Ondo State, Nigeria

From the early years till date, Nigerian women in fishing sector remain a potent force in the economic growth of fishing communities. However, many socio-economic factors influence their entrepreneurial skills. This paper examines some objectives such as, what roles do women play in planning and fisheries management? What are the socio-economic factors determining fishing households? What is the allocation of labour/time between productive and non-productive activities? What are the effects of simulated policies on entrepreneurship among the women? Ilaje and Ese–Odo local Government areas of Ondo State are the study areas. One hundred respondents were interviewed in all. Descriptive tools as frequencies, percentages, means and modes were used to analyze the primary data. The study found that overall entrepreneurial rating of the study group is low, essential input can not be easily gotten in the area, the respondents has large household size thereby had a large dependents to take care of, income level is generally low, no modern processing technique and no storage facilities. It also established the need to help them. Key words: Socio-economic factors, entrepreneurship, fishing communities, women to acquire modern skills hence general improvement in their livelihoods. Journal Of Agriculture And Social Research Vol. 5 (1) 2005: 1-1

May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

Psychosocial Factors Associated with Essential Hypertension among Patients attending a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Background The aetiological role of psychosocial factos in essential hypertension continues to be a controversial issue . Aims To determine the psychosocial factors if any, that are associated with essential hypertension in adult Nigerians presenting in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Method Two hundred and sixty consenting newly diagnosed Nigerians with essential hypertension attending the cardiology clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) Nigeria, were compared with a control group of 240 non-hypertensive subjects with minor ailments. Data was collected using a self-administered data collection sheet and the General Health Questionnaire, Version 28 (GHQ-28). Respondents with a GHQ score of 4 and above were interviewed using the Present State Examination (PSE). Psychiatric diagnosis was based on the criteria of the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Results The study showed that psychosocial factors such as perceived social support, perceived financial support, fear of job loss and occupational status were not significantly associated with hypertension. However, a significant proportion of subjects with hypertension were separated or widowed. A significant proportion of respondents in the study group had a GHQ score o

Full Length Research Article - Prevalence of Hypertension in a University Community in South West Nigeria

A worksite study of hypertension prevalence was carried out in a university community in Southwestern Nigeria. Overall crude prevalence was 21% in the respondent population. About 16% of these were already on treatment with medicines. The study established no significant (p>0.05) relationship between coffee consumption and hypertension. Prevalence was 32% in subjects with over 3 children, while among subjects with eye problem, diabetics and those who took local kola nuts and it was 18.6%, 1.9% and 7.4%, respectively. There is need for increased awareness of the disease and other cardiovascular risk factors within the populace and to encourage the possession or provision of self-measurement blood pressure devices

Dietary effect of Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal on fibre fractions utilisation by the West African Dwarf goats

A 63-day study was conducted to evaluate the dietary effect of Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal diets on fibre fraction utilization of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats (aged 9 -12 months) with an average live weight of 6.31±0.3 kg. Six diets were formulated such that wheat offal was replaced with ensiled Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal at ratio 0 (A), 20% (B), 40% (C), 60% (D), 80% (E), 100% (F) in complete diets. The experimental diets were fed to 18 WAD goats in three replicates per treatment using completely randomized design. The determined parameters included; chemical composition of the diets, dry matter and fibre fractions intake, weight gains and feed to gain ratio. The dry matter of raw cocoa bean shells was 88.53% and dry matter of Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shells was 87.38%. The crude protein contents of raw bean shells and Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shells were 11.98 and 26.63% respectively. The dry matter of the diets ranged from 86.83 to 90.70%, diet B had the highest value while crude protein ranged between 19.73 (diet A) and 28.88% (diet F) and increased with increased inclusion of Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal in the diets. The nutrients intake was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment except dry matter and cellulose. The crude fibre and fibre fractions were efficiently digested. Nitrogen balance, apparent digestibility and weight gain were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the treatment. The goats fed diet A converted their feed to flesh better than other goats. However, goats fed diet F performed best compared to other goats fed diets B, C, D and E that contained Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal. It can be concluded that Pleurotus pulmonaris treated cocoa bean shell meal incorporated in goat's diet could supply energy and protein tosustain the growth without adverse effect

Linkages between men's wealth status and the ideal number of children: A trend and multilevel analysis of survey data in Nigeria.

Most African societies practice a patriarchal family system that endows a man with authority and dominance in the family and society with a defined role of being the breadwinner of the home. A man is expected to have a great influence in determining the ideal number of children in the family and take a domineering role in decision-making, especially those related to household resource allocation. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between men's wealth status and an ideal number of children. The study used secondary data from the National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) from 2003 to 2018. The objectives were achieved using descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency, mean, ANOVA, and multilevel analysis techniques. Wealth status significantly influenced the ideal number of children considering the crude and adjusted regression analysis. After adjusting for individual-level and contextual factors, the odd ratio of ideal number of children was significantly lower among men in the richest categories of the wealth index. Moreover, men with two wives and above, uneducated men, Northern residents, men living in high community family norms, low community family planning, high community poverty, and low community level of education desired a high number of children. The analyses suggest the need for a consideration of community structures to provide lucrative employment for men and would experience an appreciable fertility decline in line with the objectives and targets stated in Nigeria's population policies and programmes

Correction: Linkages between men's wealth status and the ideal number of children: A trend and multilevel analysis of survey data in Nigeria.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001036.]