A Morphological and Size-Based Study of the Changes of Iron Sulfides in the Caples and Torlesse Terranes (Otago Schist, New Zealand) during Prograde Metamorphic Evolution

It is widely accepted that metamorphism induces a remobilization of iron sulfides, sweeping away original ones while creating new ones. This paper analyzes size distributions of iron sulfides in several samples from the Caples and Torlesse terranes from the Otago Schist (New Zealand) using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography, which allows all iron sulfides larger than the resolution at which X-ray scans were performed to be characterized. Framboids and clusters of framboids are common in unmetamorphosed samples, but disappear in greenschist/amphibolite facies samples, where iron sulfides have anhedral habits. By contrast, the size and standard deviation of the new iron sulfides both remain within the same range. The results illuminate the evolution of iron sulfides throughout metamorphism, proposing boundaries for the metamorphic processes based on the shape of these iron sulfides

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Simple Methods For Close Range Photogrammetry

Classical methodologies used in data collection for architectural documentation are studied (surveying topographic, photogrammetry, manual methods, etc). Different aspects are analysed in order to select the most suitable approach, always taking into account the specific determining factors

Arsenic and Its Biological Role: From Early Earth to Current Andean Microbial Ecosystems

Arsenic (As) is present in the Earth's crust and is widely distributed in the environment. It is frequently a component of sulfidic ores in the form of arsenides of nickel, cobalt, copper, and iron. The main sources of As are natural, mostly associated with volcanic areas and hydrothermal vents; further, it can also originate as a result of human activities: mining, waste treatment, and industrial activities, among others.Arsenic is a redox-active metalloid and exists in nature in four oxidation states: arsine [As(-III)], elemental [As(0)], arsenate [As(V)], and arsenite [As(III)]. These states vary according to changes in pH and the redox environment. The first two forms are relatively rare; naturally, As is found as As(V) or As(III). As(V) is predominant in oxygenated aqueous environments, while As(III) is found in reduced or anoxic conditions. Arsenic is a highly dangerous element, as As(III) is 100 times more toxic than As(V). Its greatest toxicity is due to the fact that it can bind to sulfhydryl groups, affecting the correct functioning of many enzymes and proteins. As(V), on the other hand, is a chemical analog of phosphate, so it can interact and eventually replace it in early steps in different ways. On our planet, there are environments with a high arsenic content.Our research group has worked in bioprospecting in Andean microbial ecosystems (AMEs) in the Atacama Desert, Bolivian Altiplano, and Argentine Puna (the so-called Puna?High Andes region). In all of these places, there are hypersaline lakes at altitudes higher than 3000 m above sea level (asl). These lakes share the common characteristic of high concentrations of arsenic, normally ranging between 12 and 230 mg L−1. This range of As concentrations is one of the highest ranges reported for hypersaline lakes.Fil: Saona Acuña, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Soria, Mariana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Villafañe, Patricio Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Stepanenko, Tatiana Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Farias, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentin

High-Risk Obesity Phenotypes: Target for Multimorbidity Prevention at the ROFEMI Study

Background: Describe the profile of patients with obesity in internal medicine to determine the role of adiposity and related inflammation on the metabolic risk profile and, identify various “high-risk obesity” phenotypes by means of a cluster analysis. This study aimed to identify different profiles of patients with high-risk obesity based on a cluster analysis. Methods: Cross-sectional, multicenter project that included outpatients attended to in internal medicine. A total of 536 patients were studied. The mean age was 62 years, 51% were women. Patients were recruited from internal medicine departments over two weeks in November and December 2021 and classified into four risk groups according to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). High-risk obesity was defined as BMI > 35 Kg/m2 or BMI 30–34.9 Kg/m2 and a high WC (>102 cm for men and >88 cm for women). Hierarchical and partitioning clustering approaches were performed to identify profiles. Results: A total of 462 (86%) subjects were classified into the high-risk obesity group. After excluding 19 patients missing critical data, two profiles emerged: cluster 1 (n = 396) and cluster 2 (n = 47). Compared to cluster 1, cluster 2 had a worse profile, characterized by older age (77 ± 16 vs. 61 ± 21 years, p < 0.01), a Charlson Comorbidity Index > 3 (53% vs. 5%, p < 0.001), depression (36% vs. 19%, p = 0.008), severe disability (64% vs. 3%, p < 0.001), and a sarcopenia score ≥ 4 (79% vs. 16%, p < 0.01). In addition, cluster 2 had greater inflammation than cluster 1 (hsCRP: 5.8 ± 4.1 vs. 2.1 ± 4.5 mg/dL, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Two profiles of subjects with high-risk obesity were identified. Based on that, older subjects with obesity require measures that target sarcopenia, disability, psychological health, and significant comorbidities to prevent further health deterioration. Longitudinal studies should be performed to identify potential risk factors of subjects who progress from cluster 1 to cluster 2

A Unique Natural Laboratory to Study Polyextremophile Microorganisms: Diamante Lake as a Window to the Origin of Life

Diamante Lake is located at 4589 m above sea level (m a.s.l.) inside the Galán Volcano caldera and presents extreme environmental conditions, such as high arsenic concentration (210 mg l−1), salinity, pH and UV radiation. Until 2010, most studies in the area had largely overlooked the microbial biodiversity in Diamante Lake. With the advent of high throughput sequencing, it became possible to study the microbial communities of environmental samples using metagenomic approaches. In a recent work, we discovered red biofilms forming on the surface of sedimentary rocks on the bottom of the lake containing the rare mineral gaylussite. A metagenomic analysis of these biofilms revealed a predominance of haloarchaea (>96%) over other prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms. To thrive under the extreme conditions in the lake, these biofilms use different metabolic and physiologic strategies: (1) to avoid the arsenic uptake into the cell, this is done through highly specific phosphate transporters (Pst) and consequently, (2) to take advantage bioenergetically of the high extracellular arsenic concentration and obtain energy from arsenite oxidation and to perform anaerobic respiration of arsenate. Contrary to what could be expected, the required enzymes for these arsenic metabolisms were likely not acquired recently by the selective pressure within Diamante Lake, but rather correspond to reminiscences of primitive metabolisms that could date back to even the origins of the haloarchaea lineage billions of years ago. Diamante Lake is a unique environment in the world and represents an open window to study the evolution of life on Earth and the adaptations required to survive under the extreme conditions that prevailed on the ancient Earth and that are currently found on other planets.Fil: Stepanenko, Tatiana Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Soria, Mariana Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Saona Acuña, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Lencina, Agustina Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Farias, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentin