Higher education in Indonesia: Contemporary challenges in governance, access, and quality

This chapter presents the development of Indonesian higher education since its origins to current challenges in the fields of governance, autonomy, access, equity, quality, and internationalization. Indonesia has a massive and diversified tertiary education, including experiments in community colleges and online programs. The higher educational system remains mainly centralized, with the exception of some reforms towards financial autonomy. Insufficient public funding hinders the capacity to provide adequate teaching, research, and facilities among other aspects. The consequential rise in student fees contributes to an overrepresentation of students from Java, urban centers, and higher social classes

Financing Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Proposed Model Based on the Experiences of Ugandan Higher Education Institutions and Exemplary Practices from the Asian Tigers

Financing higher education has become one of the most contentious educational issues in both developed and third world countries. Among the causes highlighted by researchers are changing fiscal policies and government resource allocation priorities, coupled with rapid increases in college-going populations. Today, there is an upsurge in the numbers of colleges and enrollments all over the world. This upsurge and the forces of globalization, which put demands on institutions in terms of international rankings and the need to adopt the latest technologies, are putting enormous fiscal pressure on higher education institutions and their funders. Increasing enrollments without sufficient funding lead to substandard facilities and a decline in academic standards. To close that funding gap, institutions have resorted to privatization, which includes (inter alia) tuition charges and other fees. This has effectively turned the traditional model of higher education upside down. The challenge is: How do universities ensure they admit only the most qualified students and provide them with the best instruction, using state-of-the-art facilities, in a learning system run by highly qualified and motivated faculty staff? Against that background, this chapter analyzes best practices for financing higher education in developing countries that have vibrant higher education sectors (such as Malaysia), together with the challenges, practices, and experiences of funding Ugandan higher education institutions. The chapter ultimately suggests a suitable framework for higher education financing in Uganda and similar sub-Saharan African countries

Inclusive growth in cities: a sympathetic critique

The concept of “Inclusive Growth” – a concern with the pace and pattern of growth – has become a new mantra in local economic development. Despite enthusiasm from some policymakers, others argue it is a buzzword which is changing little. This paper summarises and critiques this agenda. There are important unresolved issues with the concept of Inclusive Growth, which is conceptually fuzzy and operationally problematic, has only a limited evidence base, and reflects an overconfidence in local government’s ability to create or shape growth. Yet, while imperfect, an Inclusive Growth model is better one which simply ignores distributional concerns

Determinants of the level of informality of informal micro-enterprises: some evidence from the city of Lahore, Pakistan

Recognizing that enterprises operate at varying levels of informality, this paper evaluates the determinants of their degree of informality. Reporting a 2012 survey of 300 informal micro-enterprises in the city of Lahore in Pakistan, the finding is that the key predictors of their level of informality are the characteristics of the entrepreneur and enterprise, rather than their motives or the wider formal and informal institutional compliance environment. Lower degrees of informality are associated with women, older, educated and higher income entrepreneurs and older enterprises with employees in the manufacturing sector. The paper concludes by discussing the theoretical and policy implications

Is Urban Economic Growth Inclusive in India?

This paper measures the overall inclusive growth of a city by considering changing trends in the key economic variables based on ‘Borda ranking’ and establishes a relationship between city economic growth and overall city inclusive growth. By using data of 52 large cities in India, this paper finds that higher urban economic growth is associated with an increase in urban inequality, a reduction in urban poverty, and a lower level of overall inclusive growth of a city

Está insatisfeito com o seu chefe? Será devido a ele ou a si? O efeito que o locus de controlo tem na relação entre liderança e satisfação

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário para a obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.A presente investigação teve como objetivo estudar a relação que existe entre as variáveis Liderança, Satisfação com o Líder e Locus de Controlo, no âmbito organizacional. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo da investigação é estudar se a relação entre Liderança e Satisfação com o Supervisor é positiva ou negativa, e se o Locus de Controlo tem um efeito moderador nessa mesma relação. A amostra desta dissertação é composta por 149 trabalhadores (dos quais 68% são do género feminino) recrutados através do método snowball, e que têm supervisão direta. A avaliação da Liderança Transformacional e Transacional foi feita através do Questionário Multifatorial de Liderança (Salanova, Lorente, Chambel, & Martínez, 2011); a Satisfação com o Supervisor foi avaliada com recurso a parte do Questionário de Satisfação Laboral S20/23, (Pocinho e Garcia, 2008); e o Locus de Controlo foi medido através da escala MASLOC (Multidimensional Academic-Specific Locus of Control) (Barros, 1992). Os resultados indicam que existe uma relação positiva entre os dois estilos de Liderança e a Satisfação com o Supervisor. No entanto, o efeito de moderação do Locus de Controlo entre a Liderança e a Satisfação com o Supervisor não se verificou. No fim foram discutidas as implicações e limitações consideradas no presente estudo e foram feitas sugestões para estudos futuros.This research aimed to examine the relationship between Leadership, Satisfaction with Leadership, and Locus of Control in organizations. Specifically, this research tested if the relationship between leadership style and employees satisfaction with leadership is moderated by employees’ locus of control. Participants were 149 employees (68% of which were female), engaged in the current research through a snowball participant’s recruitment procedure. All participants had a direct supervisor. Transformational and transactional Leadership styles were measured using the Multifactorial Leadership Questionnaire (Salanova, Lorente, Chambel, & Martínez, 2011); Satisfaction with supervisor was assessed using part of the Satisfaction with Work Questionnaire (Pocinho & Garcia, 2008); and Locus of Control was measured using the MASLOC (Multidimensional Academic-Specific Locus of Control), (Barros, 1992). The research findings suggest that there is a positive relationship between supervisor’s Leadership style, and employees’ satisfaction with leadership. However, locus of control did not have any effect on this relationship. The study’s limitations and implications were also debated in the end of the dissertation