Global Variation of Nutritional Status in Children Undergoing Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis : A Longitudinal Study of the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network

While children approaching end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are considered at risk of uremic anorexia and underweight they are also exposed to the global obesity epidemic. We sought to investigate the variation of nutritional status in children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) around the globe. The distribution and course of body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score over time was examined prospectively in 1001 children and adolescents from 35 countries starting CPD who were followed in the International Pediatric PD Network (IPPN) Registry. The overall prevalence of underweight, and overweight/obesity at start of CPD was 8.9% and 19.7%, respectively. Underweight was most prevalent in South and Southeast Asia (20%), Central Europe (16.7%) and Turkey (15.2%), whereas overweight and obesity were most common in the Middle East (40%) and the US (33%). BMI SDS at PD initiation was associated positively with current eGFR and gastrostomy feeding prior to PD start. Over the course of PD BMI SDS tended to increase on CPD in underweight and normal weight children, whereas it decreased in initially overweight patients. In infancy, mortality risk was amplified by obesity, whereas in older children mortality was markedly increased in association with underweight. Both underweight and overweight are prevalent in pediatric ESKD, with the prevalence varying across the globe. Late dialysis start is associated with underweight, while enteral feeding can lead to obesity. Nutritional abnormalities tend to attenuate with time on dialysis. Mortality risk appears increased with obesity in infants and with underweight in older children.Peer reviewe

Supraventricular tachycardia following insertion of a central venous catheter.

PubMed ID: 19861871Placement of central venous catheters (CVCs) in patients is associated with several risks including endocardial injury and dysrhythmias. In addition, CVC extending into intracardiac chambers can provoke premature atrial and ventricular complexes, which have been reported to initiate supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). A 15-year-old boy with end-stage renal failure developed SVT after insertion of a CVC

A single center experience of treatment in childhood nephrotic syndrome

WOS: 00024797730085

Are polymorphisms of MCP-1, IL 6 and fas genes a risk factors for acute renal allograft rejection in children?

WOS: 00024797730029

Query Age of Information: Optimizing AoI at the Right Time

This paper is eligible for the Jack Keil Wolf ISIT Student Paper Award. We study a communication system in which a source node is to send status updates over a channel to a remote destination. The update packets will be received error-free, however the channel imposes independent and identically distributed transmission delay on each transmission. The destination node will utilize the upcoming update packets at certain instants that are referred to as query instants. The Query Age of Information (QAoI) at the destination is defined to be the time-average Age of Information (AoI) measured at query instants. We define the problem where the receiver decides when to send requests to "pull"data from the source, to minimize the QAoI, as the pull-or-wait (PoW) problem. We contrast the solution of the PoW problem with that of the update-or-wait (UoW) problem, where the source decides when to generate updates to minimize the time-average AoI. We show that when the query instants occur according to a Poisson process, the solution of the PoW problem is equivalent to that of the UoW problem; however, under periodic query arrivals, the optimal QAoI is always less than or equal to the time average AoI under the same power constraint. We believe this motivates using QAoI as an objective instead of plain AoI in many applications requiring time-sensitive updates