Agroecological and agroeconomic aspects of the grain and grain legumes (pulses) yield dynamic within the Dnipropetrovsk region (period 1966–2016)

This paper reveals the spatial and temporal patterns of grain and leguminous crops yield dynamics in Dnipropetrovsk region and evaluates the role of agro-environmental and agro-economic factors in their formation. Crop data were obtained from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The data of the grain and grain legumes (pulses) yield during 1966–2016 on average per year in the administrative districts of Dnipropetrovsk region was analysed. The obtained data indicate that average yields of cereals and leguminous crops within Dnipropetrovsk region varies from 24.3 to 33.4 CWT/ha. The smallest interannual variability in yield is typical for Vasylkivskyi district (CV = 9.9%), and the largest is typical for Yurivskyi district (CV = 27.7%). As a result of the principal component analysis of the cereals and leguminous crops yields variability, three principal components were extracted which together explain 81.2% of the overall yield variability. Principal component 1 explains 69.4% of the total variability. It indicates the total synchronous yields variation within the area investigated as all examined variables have high loading values on principal component 1. The administrative districts that form a belt located in the direction from the north east to the south west of the region have the most coordinated variance, which is reflected by principal component 1. Principal component 2 explains 6.8% of the yield variability. This principal component is sensitive to opposite yield dynamics of central and south-western districts on the one hand and the eastern and northern districts – on the other. Principal component 3 explains 4.9% of the yield variability. This principal component reveals the opposite dynamics of productivity of the central districts on the one hand and the northern and south-eastern districts on the other. The cluster analysis of administrative districts was conducted based on the dynamics of the yield of grain and leguminous as a result of which four clusters were identified. The clusters are geographically defined administrative districts, together forming spatially connected areas. The similar temporal yield dynamics of grain and leguminous crops as a result of interaction between endogenous and exogenous ecological factors is the main principle for revealling such ecologically homogeneous territories. Spatial distribution of principal components indicates a continual pattern, but their overlapping allows one to extract spatially discrete units, which we identified as agroecological zones. Each zone is characterized by a certain character and dynamics of production capacity and has an invariant pattern of response to varying climatic, environmental, and agroeconomic factors

Agroecological and agroeconomic aspects of the grain and grain legumes (pulses) yield dynamic within the Dnipropetrovsk region (period 1966–2016)

This paper reveals the spatial and temporal patterns of grain and leguminous crops yield dynamics in Dnipropetrovsk region and evaluates the role of agro-environmental and agro-economic factors in their formation. Crop data were obtained from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The data of the grain and grain legumes (pulses) yield during 1966–2016 on average per year in the administrative districts of Dnipropetrovsk region was analysed. The obtained data indicate that average yields of cereals and leguminous crops within Dnipropetrovsk region varies from 24.3 to 33.4 CWT/ha. The smallest interannual variability in yield is typical for Vasylkivskyi district (CV = 9.9%), and the largest is typical for Yurivskyi district (CV = 27.7%). As a result of the principal component analysis of the cereals and leguminous crops yields variability, three principal components were extracted which together explain 81.2% of the overall yield variability. Principal component 1 explains 69.4% of the total variability. It indicates the total synchronous yields variation within the area investigated as all examined variables have high loading values on principal component 1. The administrative districts that form a belt located in the direction from the north east to the south west of the region have the most coordinated variance, which is reflected by principal component 1. Principal component 2 explains 6.8% of the yield variability. This principal component is sensitive to opposite yield dynamics of central and south-western districts on the one hand and the eastern and northern districts – on the other. Principal component 3 explains 4.9% of the yield variability. This principal component reveals the opposite dynamics of productivity of the central districts on the one hand and the northern and south-eastern districts on the other. The cluster analysis of administrative districts was conducted based on the dynamics of the yield of grain and leguminous as a result of which four clusters were identified. The clusters are geographically defined administrative districts, together forming spatially connected areas. The similar temporal yield dynamics of grain and leguminous crops as a result of interaction between endogenous and exogenous ecological factors is the main principle for revealling such ecologically homogeneous territories. Spatial distribution of principal components indicates a continual pattern, but their overlapping allows one to extract spatially discrete units, which we identified as agroecological zones. Each zone is characterized by a certain character and dynamics of production capacity and has an invariant pattern of response to varying climatic, environmental, and agroeconomic factors. Keywords: agroecological factors; yield; grain; leguminous crops; spatial and temporal variability; principal components analysi

The role of occupational safety management at enterprises and the factors contributing to its unsatisfactory condition

The relevance of the researched problem lies in the fact that today industrial injuries and accidents at workplace are a fairly common problem. Since lives and health of employees, as well as production process efficiency, depend on ensuring workplace safety, occupational safety management becomes an important and integral component of industrial health and safety. The management of enterprises should be guided by the principle of life and health of employees being the most important value. There are certain methods of occupational safety management, such as economic, organisational, administrative-legal and social-psychological, which enable to create safe conditions at workplace. With their help, safe working conditions can be significantly improved and therefore efficiency of production process can be increased. In this regard, this article is aimed at defining the concept of occupational safety as an essential element of industrial health and safety. It also taps into the main components that make up an integrated occupational safety system and methods of occupational safety management, which must be taken into account by the management of an enterprise, institution, organisation and the government, the latter also controlling implementation of legislative regulations at workplace, as the economic situation in the country depends to a large extent on the level of production processes functionality. In addition, analysis of existing international standards in the labour protection field has been carried out, their features and scope of application have been considered. On the basis of the revealed data, specific recommendations have been developed, namely, advancement of prosocial behavior, technical upgrade, conduct of briefings and trainings aimed at increasing occupational safety. The research was carried out on the basis of general scientific and special methods of cognition, such as analogy, factor analysis, comparison, structural analysis, expert assessments and opinions, analysis of the causes of industrial injuries and various industrial diseases. The authors investigated the evolution of management and administration in labor protection and industrial safety, their interconnection and interdependence. The result of this scientific work is an understanding of the importance of compliance with safety rules at workplaces, of negative consequences that may arise from non-compliance with legislative regulations and international standards developed by the international community regarding occupational safety. A variety of management methods that can be used during set up of production process, as well as development of recommendations that will help to improve the current situation in labour safety, ensuring protection of labour rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of employees, enacted in most countries by Constitution, have been discussed. Having analysed the fact that currently the state of guaranteeing safe working conditions for employees is in a critical situation, industrial injuries and accidents at enterprises have become widespread. We can come to a conclusion that it is necessary to legislate this situation, to strengthen the legal responsibility of management and employees for non-compliance with safety rules during production proces

Temperature effect on the temporal dynamic of terrestrial invertebrates in technosols formed after reclamation at a post-mining site in Ukrainian steppe drylands

The research was carried out at the Research Centre of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University in Pokrov city. Sampling was carried out in 2013–2015 on a variant of artificial soil (technosols) formed on loess-like loam, red-brown clay, green-grey clay, technological mixture of rocks, and also formed on loess-like loam with a humus-rich 70 cm top soil layer. To investigate the spatiotemporal variation in the abundance, species richness and species composition of invertebrate assemblages within the experimental polygon, the animals were sampled using pitfall traps. In total, 60 pitfall traps were operated simultaneously during each sampling period. Each year the pitfalls were emptied 26 times every 7–9 days. Invertebrates (Arthropoda and Mollusca) of 6 classes, 13 orders, 50 families and 202 species or parataxonomic units were recorded. Diplopoda was most abundant taxonomic group, though it was represented by only one species Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927). Coleoptera and Araneae were the most numerous taxonomic groups. Readily available water for plants, precipitation, wind speed, atmospheric temperature (daily minimum, daily maximum, daily mean), atmospheric humidity and atmospheric pressure were used as environmental predictors. Two dimension geographic coordinates of the sampling locations were used to generate a set of orthogonal eigenvector-based spatial variables. Time series of sampling dates were used to generate a set of orthogonal eigenvector-based temporal variables. The moisture content in the technosols was revealed to be the most important factor determining the temporal dynamics of the terrestrial invertebrate community in conditions of semi-arid climate and the ecosystem which formed as a result of the reclamation process. Following soil moisture, the factor most strongly affecting invertebrates in the technosols was temperature. From the total set of the invertebrates, two relatively homogeneous species groups in terms of thermal preferences were extracted: the microtemperature and mesotemperature groups. The microtemperature species are more tolerant to the thermal factor, and the mesotemperature species are more sensitive. The Huisman-Olff-Fresco approach expanded by Jansen-Oksanen provides a wide set of ecologically relevant models which are able to explain species response. The species response to temperature is affected by a complex of other environmental, temporal and spatial factors. The effect of other factors on the species response must be previously extracted to find real estimations of the species temperature optima and tolerance. The approaches to solving this problem may be the object of future investigation

Above-ground phytomass dynamics in autogenic succession of an ecosystem

It was found that a regular growth in the above-ground phytomass occurs during autogenic succession, which is approximated by logarithmic dependence with high reliability indices. External, including anthropogenic, effects on the process of succession lead to a decrease in the rate of phytomass growth. Besides, the rate of phytomass changes is influenced by endo-ecogenesis caused by various plant species, entering the ecosystem at certain stages of succession. The above-ground phytomass portioning behaviour makes it possible to use it to create a unified indicator of dynamics. Each plant species can be only within certain indicators of the phytomass of their plant communities. At the same time, there is a normal distribution of the projective cover value. This allows us to work out synphytoindication methods for determining the dynamics indicato

ПОРІВНЯЛЬНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДЕЯКИХ МАРОК ЛАКТОЗИ ЯК НАПОВНЮВАЧІВ ДЛЯ ПРЯМОГО ПРЕСУВАННЯ ТАБЛЕТОК

The aim of the work. Studying of physical and technological characteristics of different brands of lactose and their influence on pharmacological and technological parameters of acetylsalicylic acid tablets and metformin hydrochloride tablets. Materials and methods. Acetylsalicylic acid and metformin hydrochloride were used as model substances for studying the value of lactose monohydrate, MicroceLac 100, Ludipress, Cellactose 80 and Pharmatose DCL-21 in the technology of direct compression of tablets. The mass for tableting was evaluated by bulk density, tapped density, flowability and Hausner coefficient. The tablets were obtained by direct compression and monitored for such parameters as tablet hardness, disintegration time and friability. Results and discussion. Physico-technological parameters of the mass for tableting with acetylsalicylic acid were studied. The mass containing Ludipress or Cellactose 80 or Pharmatose DCL-21 has the best flowability and Hausner coefficient. The introduction of Pharmatose DCL-21 or MicroceLac 100 improved tablet hardness and friability. The use of lactose of any type provided rapid disintegration of acetylsalicylic acid tablets. Metformin hydrochloride powder is characterized by unsatisfactory flowability and requires the introduction of rational excipients. The hardness and friability of metformin tablets is significantly improved with the introduction of Cellactose 80 or MicroceLac 100. Conclusions. The possibility of using lactose monohydrate, MicroceLac 100, Ludipress, Cellactose 80 and Pharmatose DCL-21 in the technology of direct compression was investigated using acetylsalicylic acid tablets and metformin hydrochloride tablets. The influence of the studied lactose brands on the pharmaco-technological parameters of the obtained tablets was studied.Мета роботи. Вивчення впливу різних кількостей деяких марок лактози на зміну технологічних параметрів модельних таблеток, отриманих прямим пресуванням. Матеріали і методи. В роботі використовували лактози моногідрат 200/25, MicroceLac® 100, Ludipress®, Cellactose® 80, Pharmatose® DCL-21. Як модельні об’єкти-речовини використовували кислоту ацетилсаліцилову і метформіну гідрохлорид. Маси для таблетування оцінювали за показниками насипної густини, густини після усадки, плинності, коефіцієнтом Гауснера. Таблетки отримували методом прямого пресування на лабораторному таблетпресі та  контролювали  їх фармако-технологічні властивості. Результати й обговорення. Досліджено вплив різних кількостей лактози моногідрату 200/25, MicroceLac® 100, Ludipress®, Cellactose® 80, Pharmatose® DCL-21 на зміну технологічних показників маси для таблетування з кислотою ацетилсаліциловою. Найкращу сипучість та значення коефіцієнта Гауснера мають ті маси, які містили Ludipress у кількості 12 %, Cellactose 80 у кількості 8 або 10%, Pharmatose DCL-21 у кількості 8%. Стійкість таблеток до роздавлювання та стираність покращувало введення Pharmatose®  DCL-21 або MicroceLac® 100. Використання будь-якого типу лактози забезпечувало швидке розпадання таблеток кислоти ацетилсаліцилової. Порошок метформіну гідрохлориду характеризується фізико-технологічними показниками, що унеможливлюють його пряме пресування без допоміжних речовин. Кращі значення стійкості таблеток до роздавлювання і стираність таблеток отримано при введенні у їх склад 10 % Cellactose® 80 або  8 % MicroceLac®100. Висновки. Досліджено вплив різних кількостей лактози моногідрату 200/25, MicroceLac® 100, Ludipress®, Cellactose® 80, Pharmatose® DCL-21 на зміну технологічних показників таблеток кислоти ацетилсаліцилової, а також метформіну гідрохлориду, отриманих прямим пресуванням. Покращення технологічних параметрів маси для таблетування та таблеток із кислотою ацетилсаліциловою, можна досягти при використанні Ludipress у кількості 12 % від маси таблетки, Cellactose 80 у кількості 10%, Pharmatose DCL-21 у кількості 8 %. Таблетки метформіну з бажаними значеннями стійкості до роздавлювання і стираності отримано при введенні у їх склад 10 % Cellactose® 80 або  8 % MicroceLac®100

Новий спектрофотометричний мeтод за використання лакказних нанозимів для аналізу адреналіну в фармацевтичних препаратах

Nanozymes, which have high enzyme-like activity of natural enzymes, are very promising for analytical purposes, in particular, for the development of methods for sensitive, quantitative detection of practically important analytes – biomarkers of common diseases or pharmaceutical products. Recently, it has been reported that artificial enzymes with laccase-like activity or “nanolaccases (nLacs),” can serve as catalytic elements for the creation of sensitive methods for catecholamines. Our work aimed to obtain laccase-like nanozymes and characterize and demonstrate their suitability for spectrophotometric adrenaline (AD) analysis. In this article, we report on preparing five hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles (HCF NPs) that possess laccase-like activity, particularly, Co-HCF, Ni-HCF, Mn-HCF, Zn-HCF, and Cu-HCF. Among the investigated nLacs, Cu-HCF was selected and characterized. It was shown that Cu-HCF reveals the highest activities, is stable in various pH conditions in the range 3.0–6.5, and has satisfactory stored stability. A new spectrophotometric method for the quantitative detection of AD was created using the selected nLacs. The linearity of the proposed method is in the range from 5 μM to 50 μM (0.66–11 μg/ml), and the limit of detection is 1.5 μM (0.33 μg/ml), which is lower than that catalyzed by native laccase (1.15 μg/ml). The proposed method was tested on the real samples of pharmaceuticals, and the obtained data agree with the data declared by the producer. The resulting nLacs have great potential for use in catalysis of mimetics, environmental restoration, and sensor design. Thus methods, the obtained Cu-HCF has great potential application in spectrophotometric and biosensor method for analysis of biologically active toxic compounds in surface waters.Нанозими (НЗ), що володіють високою ферментоподібною активністю природних ензимів, є сьогодні дуже перспективними для аналітичних цілей, зокрема для розроблення методів високочутливої кількісної детекції практично важливих аналітів – біомаркерів поширених захворювань або фармацевтичних продуктів. Недавні дослідження повідомляють, що штучні ферменти з псевдолаказною активністю або “нанолакази” можуть служити каталітичним елементом для створення чутливих методів аналізу катехоламінів. Метою нашої роботи було отримати лаказоподібні-нанозими, охарактеризувати та продемонструвати їх придатність для спектрофотометричного методу аналізу адреналіну (АД). В цій статті ми повідомляємо про отримання п’яти типів гексаціанофератних наночастинок (HCF НЧ), які володіли лакказною активністю: Сo-HCF, Ni-HCF, Mn-HCF, Zn-HCF та Cu-HCF. Серед досліджуваних “нанолаказ, нЛак” було відібрано Cu-HCF НЗ, які мали найвищу активність, були стійкі в різних умовах, таких як рН 3,0–6,5, висока солоність та зберіганні активності протягом шести місяців. За використання відібраних нЛак, було створено новий спектрофотометричний метод кількісного визначення АД. Його лінійність зберігається в межах 5–50 мкмоль (0,66–11 мкг/мл), а порогова чутливість – 1,5 мкмоль (0,33 мкг/мл), що є нижче, ніж каталізується істиною лакказою (1,15 мкг/мл). Цей метод з Cu-HCF НЗ апробували на реальних фармацевтичних зразках, що містять АД, і одержані дані добре корелюють із результатами, заявленими виробником. Таким чином, отримані НЗ Cu-HCF мають великий потенціал до застосування спектрофотометричних та біосенсорних методах аналізу для виявлення біологічно активних токсичних сполук у поверхневих водах

Inclusive library service for users with special needs and formation of multimedia library collections based on nosology

Обґрунтовано принципи побудови інформаційних технологій на основі методів математичного програмування для вирішення проблеми вибору програмної платформи системи дистанційного бібліотечного обслуговування осіб з особливими потребами, базуючись на розподілі ваг альтернативних платформ. Cформульовано концептуальні засади розвитку бібліотечних технологій для осіб з особливими потребами, що базуються на застосуванні сучасних мультимедійних інформаційних технологій та методології створення консолідованого інформаційного ресурсу, орієнтованого на обслуговування таких користувачів. Окреслено роль електронних бібліотек, зорієнтованих на обслуговування осіб з вадами здоров’я, як елементів системи соціальних комунікацій.The principles of construction of information technology on the basis of mathematical programming methods for solving the problem of choosing the software platform of the remote library services for people with disabilities basing on the distribution of weights of alternative platforms have been analysed. The concept of the use of benchmarking tools for the research of libraries was developed. The conceptual foundations of library technologies for people with disabilities, which are based on the use of modern multimedia information technology and creation methodology of consolidated informational resource, which is designed to serve for users with special needs were formulated. The multimedia information resource of means, methods and forms of service for users with special needs in libraries is consolidated systematically and comprehensively. The role of digital libraries, which are service-oriented for individuals with disabilities, as part of social communication has been stressed. The integrated study of the service processes for users with special needs is implemented and a verbal model of multimedia information and library services in this category of users is formed. The conceptual basis of the creation of a multimedia library and information service for users with special needs is formulated. System analysis as an integrated system whose properties are determined by the gross properties of its individual elements or subsystems, has been presented as well as the characteristics of its structure, system-specific, integrative connections. The technology of multimedia library and information services for people with special needs is proposed, which allows to make differentiated providing of library and information services for users and to improve the available forms of service in all libraries on the basis of real inclusion of people with disabilities in an active social life (inclusion)

Clinic morphological features of Goodpasture’s syndrome manifested with respiratory disorders

Goodpasture’s syndrome is one of rare pathological conditions. It stipulates problem of timely diagnostics and prescription of early pathogenic therapy for cessation of progressive autoimmune inflmmation and safe of patient’s life. Presented clinical case demonstrates diffilties of recognizing Goodpasture’s syndrome in case of its debut with dominating symptoms and signs of bacterial affction of the lungs and severe respiratory failure. Case presentation. We described case of Goodpasture’s syndrome in the middle-aged woman (54 years old) which began from symptoms of community-acquired pneumonia, hemoptysis and fiished tragically with developing severe respiratory and renal failures. Conclusions. Management of community-acquired pneumonia patient, who has recurrent hemoptysis, minimal changes of the urinary system, who does not give adequate answer to the antibiotic treatment, must include additional investigation for revealing immunological systemic genesis of pulmonary tissue injury. It improves prognosis by virtue of early use adequate pathogenic therapy

Temperature effect on the temporal dynamic of terrestrial invertebrates in technosols formed after reclamation at a post-mining site in Ukrainian steppe drylands

The research was carried out at the Research Centre of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University in Pokrov city.Sampling was carried out in 2013–2015 on a variant of artificial soil (technosols) formed on loess-like loam, red-brown clay,green-grey clay, technological mixture of rocks, and also formed on loess-like loam with a humus-rich 70 cm top soil layer.To investigate the spatiotemporal variation in the abundance, species richness and species composition of invertebrate assemblages within the experimental polygon, the animals were sampled using pitfall traps. In total, 60 pitfall traps were operated simultaneously during each sampling period. Each year the pitfalls were emptied 26 times every 7–9 days. Invertebrates (Arthropoda and Mollusca) of 6 classes, 13 orders, 50 families and 202 species or parataxonomic units were recorded. Diplopoda was most abundant taxonomic group, though it was represented by only one species Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927). Coleoptera and Araneae were the most numerous taxonomic groups. Readily available water for plants, precipitation, wind speed, atmospheric temperature (daily minimum, daily maximum, daily mean), atmospheric humidity and atmospheric pressure were used as environmental predictors. Two dimension geographic coordinates of the sampling locations were used to generate a set of orthogonal eigenvector-based spatial variables. Time series of sampling dates were used to generate a set of orthogonal eigenvector-based temporal variables. The moisture content in the technosols was revealed to be the most important factor determining the temporal dynamics of the terrestrial invertebrate community in conditions of semi-arid climate and the ecosystem which formed as a result of the reclamation process. Following soil moisture, the factor most strongly affecting invertebrates in the technosols was temperature. From the total set of the invertebrates, two relatively homogeneous species groups in terms of thermal preferences were extracted: the microtemperature and mesotemperature groups. The microtemperature species are more tolerant to the thermal factor, and the mesotemperature species are more sensitive. The Huisman-Olff-Fresco approach expanded by Jansen-Oksanen provides a wide set of ecologically relevant models which are able to explain species response. The species response to temperature is affected by a complex of other environmental, temporal and spatial factors. The effect of other factors on the species response must be previously extracted to find real estimations of the species temperature optima and tolerance. The approaches to solving this problem may be the object of future investigation