PECULIARITIES OF IMMUNITY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

The pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines participate in antiinfective immunity, that is why it is necessary study their peculiarities in determination of the role in the immunopathogenesis of pyelonephritis, including complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of the work is to study the immune status and levels of pro- and antiinflammatory blood cytokines in the patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CPN), to determine the peculiarities in cases of DM. Materials and methods. The immuno-enzymic method ELISA and the corresponding test-systems were used to study the levels of cytokines in blood and also standard immunity indices. Results. The analysis showed the significant increase in levels of all studied pro- (TNF-б, MCP-1, IL-17, -23) and antiinflammatory (IL-4, TGF-в) cytokines in all patients with CPN and in every group – with (2) and without DM (3). In 3 gr. (CPN+DM) the CD4+/CD8+ are significantly lower, while in IgM, МСР-1 and TNF-б levels – higher than in the 1 gr. (DM without CPN), and IL-4 , NGAL – than in 2 gr. (CPN without DM). Conclusion. The high level of cytokines (TNF-б, MCP-1 and IL-23) in blood confirms their important role in CPN+DM and CPN without DM. In patients with CPN+DM marked reduction in regulatory index (CD4+/CD8+) and higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-б, MCP-1). Our investigation showed that NGAL level in serum was increased more significantly in 3 gr.; this fact may confirm that renal disfunction was more severe in patients with CPN+DM

Сравнительный анализ диагностической ценности систем компьютерного анализа маммограмм I и II поколений

Aim: to compare the diagnostic efficacy of generation I and II computer aided detection (CAD) systems for mammography of our own design using the large set of unselect ed mammography images obtained in a routine clinical practice settings. Material and methods. Both CADs were tested on the set of 1532 mammography images of 356 women with confirmed breast cancer (BC). We assessed their value in the detection of suspicious areas with various characteristics located on the different density background. Size of BC lesions varied from 4 to 35 mm (mean – 13,4 ± 6,3 mm). We excluded BC representing only with microcalcification clusters from this analysis, because this task is solved using the separate universal module compatible with both CADs.Results. For I and II generation CADs we obtained the following results: detection of small nodular BCs (≤10 mm) – 41 of 52 (78.85%) and 48 of 52 (92.31%; p > 0.05), respectively; detection of BCs visible as asymmetric areas – 18 of 18 (100%) and 13 of 18 (72.2%; p > 0.05), respectively; detection of only partially visible masses – 15 of 18 (83.3%) and 17 of 18 (94.4%; p > 0.05); detection of lesions poorly visible or invisible on standard mammography images due to the high density background (C-D types according to the ACR 2013 classification) – 9 of 16 (56.3%) and 7 of 16 (70.0%; p = 0.046). Total detection rate was 88.76% (316 of 356 cases) – for CAD I and 90.73% (323 of 356 cases; р > 0.05) – for CAD II. Mean false positive marks rate was 1.8 and 1.3 per image, respectively, – for ACR А-В images and 2.6 and 1.8 per image, respectively – for ACR C-D images (p < 0.05).Conclusion. Generally the diagnostic value of CAD II is not inferior that of CAD I in all analyzed situations, except the poorly visible or invisible lesions on the dense breast background. Moreover, CAD II is probably superior CAD I in the detection of spiculated small masses. The rate of false positive marks was significantly higher for CAD I.Цель исследования: сравнительная оценка эффективности работы систем компьютерного анализа (CAD) I и II поколений собственной разработки на обширной базе неотобранных маммографических изображений, полученных в условиях рутинной клинической практики.Материал и методы. Обе системы были протестированы на наборе из 1532 маммограмм 356 пациенток с верифицированным раком молочной железы (РМЖ) на способность обнаруживать подозрительные области с различными характеристиками на маммограммах различной степени плотности. Размер образований, соответствовавших РМЖ, варьировал от 4 до 35 мм (средний – 13,4 ± 6,3 мм). Исключали случаи РМЖ, проявлявшиеся только в виде скоплений микрокальцинатов, поскольку данная задача решается с использованием отдельного универсального блока.Результаты. При использовании систем I и II поколения были получены следующие результаты соответственно: обнаружение малых раков (до 10 мм) с очаговым ростом – 41 (78,85%) из 52 и 48 (92,31%; p > 0,05) из 52; обнаружение РМЖ, проявляющегося в виде асимметрии, – 18 (100%) из 18 и 13 (72,2%; p > 0,05) из 18; обнаружение частично срезанных образований – 15 (83,3%) из 18 и 17 (94,4%; p > 0,05) из 18; обнаружение образований, плохо видимых или вообще невидимых на стандартных маммограммах ввиду плотной паренхимы МЖ (типы C-D согласно ACR 2013), – 9 (56,3%) из 16 и 7 (70,0%; p = 0,046) из 16. Общая частота обнаружения подозрительных образований составила 88,76% (316 из 356 случаев) – для CAD I и 90,73% (323 из 356 случаев; р>0,05) – для CAD II. Частота ложноположительных меток составила в среднем 1,8 и 1,3 соответственно на маммограмму при типах ACR А–В и 2,6 и 1,8 соответственно – при типах ACR C–D (p < 0,05).Выводы. Эффективность CAD II сравнима с таковой CAD I во всех ситуациях, за исключением выявления плохо видимых и невидимых образований вследствие плотной паренхимы МЖ. Кроме того, CAD II, вероятно, превосходит CAD I в выявлении спикулизированных образований малых размеров. Частота ложноположительных меток при использовании CAD I была достоверно выше

Measurements of π±\pi^\pm, K±^\pm, p and pˉ\bar{\textrm{p}} spectra in proton-proton interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS

Measurements of inclusive spectra and mean multiplicities of $\pi^\pm$, K$^\pm$, p and $\bar{\textrm{p}}$ produced in inelastic p+p interactions at incident projectile momenta of 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c ($\sqrt{s} =$ 6.3, 7.7, 8.8, 12.3 and 17.3 GeV, respectively) were performed at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer. Spectra are presented as function of rapidity and transverse momentum and are compared to predictions of current models. The measurements serve as the baseline in the NA61/SHINE study of the properties of the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter

Measurement of Production Properties of Positively Charged Kaons in Proton-Carbon Interactions at 31 GeV/c

Spectra of positively charged kaons in p+C interactions at 31 GeV/c were measured with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS. The analysis is based on the full set of data collected in 2007 with a graphite target with a thickness of 4% of a nuclear interaction length. Interaction cross sections and charged pion spectra were already measured using the same set of data. These new measurements in combination with the published ones are required to improve predictions of the neutrino flux for the T2K long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan. In particular, the knowledge of kaon production is crucial for precisely predicting the intrinsic electron neutrino component and the high energy tail of the T2K beam. The results are presented as a function of laboratory momentum in 2 intervals of the laboratory polar angle covering the range from 20 up to 240 mrad. The kaon spectra are compared with predictions of several hadron production models. Using the published pion results and the new kaon data, the K+/\pi+ ratios are computed.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

Multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations in inelastic proton-proton interactions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

Measurements of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles were performed in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c beam momentum. Results for the scaled variance of the multiplicity distribution and for three strongly intensive measures of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations \$\Delta[P_{T},N]\$, \$\Sigma[P_{T},N]\$ and \$\Phi_{p_T}\$ are presented. For the first time the results on fluctuations are fully corrected for experimental biases. The results on multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations significantly deviate from expectations for the independent particle production. They also depend on charges of selected hadrons. The string-resonance Monte Carlo models EPOS and UrQMD do not describe the data. The scaled variance of multiplicity fluctuations is significantly higher in inelastic p+p interactions than in central Pb+Pb collisions measured by NA49 at the same energy per nucleon. This is in qualitative disagreement with the predictions of the Wounded Nucleon Model. Within the statistical framework the enhanced multiplicity fluctuations in inelastic p+p interactions can be interpreted as due to event-by-event fluctuations of the fireball energy and/or volume.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure

Measurement of negatively charged pion spectra in inelastic p+p interactions at plabp_{lab} = 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c

We present experimental results on inclusive spectra and mean multiplicities of negatively charged pions produced in inelastic p+p interactions at incident projectile momenta of 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c ($\sqrt{s} =$ 6.3, 7.7, 8.8, 12.3 and 17.3 GeV, respectively). The measurements were performed using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Two-dimensional spectra are determined in terms of rapidity and transverse momentum. Their properties such as the width of rapidity distributions and the inverse slope parameter of transverse mass spectra are extracted and their collision energy dependences are presented. The results on inelastic p+p interactions are compared with the corresponding data on central Pb+Pb collisions measured by the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS. The results presented in this paper are part of the NA61/SHINE ion program devoted to the study of the properties of the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter. They are required for interpretation of results on nucleus-nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions.Comment: Numerical results available at: https://edms.cern.ch/document/1314605 Updates in v3: Updated version, as accepted for publicatio

Measurements of π±\pi^\pm, K±K^\pm, KS0K^0_S, Λ\Lambda and proton production in proton-carbon interactions at 31 GeV/cc with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS

Measurements of hadron production in p+C interactions at 31 GeV/c are performed using the NA61/ SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS. The analysis is based on the full set of data collected in 2009 using a graphite target with a thickness of 4% of a nuclear interaction length. Inelastic and production cross sections as well as spectra of $\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$, p, $K^0_S$ and $\Lambda$ are measured with high precision. These measurements are essential for improved calculations of the initial neutrino fluxes in the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan. A comparison of the NA61/SHINE measurements with predictions of several hadroproduction models is presented.Comment: v1 corresponds to the preprint CERN-PH-EP-2015-278; v2 matches the final published versio

Pion emission from the T2K replica target: method, results and application

The T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan needs precise predictions of the initial neutrino flux. The highest precision can be reached based on detailed measurements of hadron emission from the same target as used by T2K exposed to a proton beam of the same kinetic energy of 30 GeV. The corresponding data were recorded in 2007-2010 by the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS using a replica of the T2K graphite target. In this paper details of the experiment, data taking, data analysis method and results from the 2007 pilot run are presented. Furthermore, the application of the NA61/SHINE measurements to the predictions of the T2K initial neutrino flux is described and discussed.Comment: updated version as published by NIM

KS_{S}0^{0} meson production in inelastic p+p interactions at 158 GeV/c beam momentum measured by NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS

The production of K$_{S}$$^{0}$ mesons in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momentum 158 GeV / ($\sqrt{SNN}$=17.3 GeV ) was measured with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Double-differential distributions were obtained in transverse momentum and rapidity. The mean multiplicity of K$_{S}$$^{0}$ was determined to be 0.162±0.001(.)±0.011(.). The results on K$_{S}$$^{0}$ production are compared with model predictions (EPOS 1.99, SMASH 2.0, PHSD and UrQMD 3.4 models) as well as with published world data

Measurements of π±\pi ^\pm , K±K^\pm , p and pˉ\bar{p} spectra in 7^7Be+9^9Be collisions at beam momenta from 19A to 150A GeV ⁣/ ⁣c{\mathrm{Ge} \mathrm{V}}\!/\!c with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS

The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) studies the onset of deconfinement in hadron matter by a scan of particle production in collisions of nuclei with various sizes at a set of energies covering the SPS energy range. This paper presents results on inclusive double-differential spectra, transverse momentum and rapidity distributions and mean multiplicities of π ± π± , K ± K± , p and p ¯ p¯ produced in the 20% most central 7 7 Be+ 9 9 Be collisions at beam momenta of 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150A GeV/c GeV/c . The energy dependence of the K ± K± /π ± π± ratios as well as of inverse slope parameters of the K ± K± transverse mass distributions are close to those found in inelastic p+p reactions. The new results are compared to the world data on p+p and Pb+Pb collisions as well as to predictions of the Epos, Urqmd, Ampt, Phsd and Smash models