The Evolution and Transformation of the Ethno-Geological Systems of the Trans-Ural Forest-Steppe into Civilized Chronotopes

The article discusses the results of a post-dissertation doctoral study on the thousandyear evolution of the ethno-geological systems of Trans-Urals forest-steppe based on the ethno-system analysis method of territorial development and the structural ethnocontact principles developed by the author. Geographical factors of the ethno-social organization of the Russian space are an important factor of their cultural and ethnic identity and development of multi-ethnic regions. Territorial structures become trigger mechanisms of many regional processes: ethno-social, economic, environmental, etc. The resulting cooperative (synergistic) effects caused by contacts and the similar development institutions significantly influence the emerging territorial structures. Society is to be analyzed as a global ethno-system where the processes of ethnonatural interaction play a basic role. They result the evolution of territorial systems of management of natural resources and economy management. The author proposes a new content of the concept “civilization chronotope” – “Siberian” as a result of a long-term ethno-cultural transformation of the Southern Trans-Urals ethno-geosystems, ethno-contact zone, a common ethnic and economic co-evolution of the peoples of South-Western Siberia

Integration Policy in Northwestern Region of Russian Empire in Second Half of 19th — Early 20th Centuries

The article examines the commemorative practices implemented by the Russian authorities in the Northwestern region at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, which were a key element of the integrative strategy of ‘soft power’. The formation of a memorial concept based on the idea of the ‘original Russian identity’ of the region and the ‘restoration’ of the lost unity with the core of Russia is analyzed. The article provides a detailed examination of the complex of memorial events associated with the commemoration of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Empress Catherine II, and Vilnius Governor-General M. N. Muravyov, whose activities were linked to the region’s integration into the Russian cultural and civilizational space. Special attention is given to the ideological foundations and intellectual support of anniversary celebrations aimed at asserting the dominant values of Russian political culture in the public sphere. It is concluded that these commemorative practices served as a significant element of symbolic politics by the authorities, aimed at affirming Russia’s moral right to govern and acculturate these territories based on Russian civilizational principles. It is noted that these events, which were part of the overall state memorial policy, were aimed at maintaining the official discourse in the Northwestern provinces, with the idea of ‘Russian cultural primacy’ as its foundation

In Search of a New Model for Russia’s Modernisation: Letters and Notes to the Authorities in the Second Half of the 1850s

The article was submitted on 17.04.2018.Referring to the analysis of letters and notes written by representatives of the Russian public and addressed to the emperor and other representatives of the supreme authorities, the author considers one of the forms in which the government and society interacted during the preparation for the Great Reforms between the 1860s and 1870s. Theoretically and methodologically, the research is based on the historical and sociological theories of European sociologists and philosophers and approaches to the new intellectual history. These can help us comprehend the goals the Russian public sought to attain while creating their journalistic texts and letters and take into account the influence of sociocultural and political processes on their content. The second half of the 1850s was characterised by a rise in social consciousness and another stage in modernization. In this situation, letters and notes addressed to the authorities were an important means for expressing the public’s reaction to the changes, turning them into an instrument of social “expertise” that pointed out the need to alter the government’s foreign and domestic policy. The first years of Emperor Alexander II’s reign were characterised by unique conditions which made it possible for the Russian public to discuss the most relevant issues and let the authorities know about its perception of the changes, while the authorities were ready to listen to the public’s opinion and take its suggestions into account when working on the ideological foundations of modernisation. Letters and notes addressed to the authorities testify to the expansion of public life in Russia and the formation of a new model of interaction between the authorities and the public as part of subject-to-subject relations. These were characterised by the need of both sides to take each other’s interests into account in the context of reform.На основе анализа писем и записок, составленных представителями русской общественности и адресованных императору и другим высшим государственным деятелям Российской империи, рассматривается одна из форм взаимодействия власти и общества в период подготовки Великих реформ 1860–1870-х гг. Теоретико-методологическую основу исследования составляют историко-социологические теории европейских социологов и философов, методологические подходы новой интеллектуальной истории, которые позволили приблизиться к понимаю целей, преследовавшихся представителями русской общественности при создании своих публицистических сочинений и писем, а также учесть влияние социокультурных и политических процессов на их содержание. Во второй половине 1850-х гг. в условиях общественного подъема и запуска нового витка модернизационных преобразований письма и записки к власти получают широкое распространение, приобретая характер своеобразной общественной «экспертизы», указывая на необходимость корректировки внешне- и внутриполитического курса правительства. В первые годы царствования императора Александра II сложились уникальные условия для налаживания обратной связи между властью и образованным обществом, когда представители русской общественности получили возможность не только обсуждать, но и доводить до власти свое видение актуальных проблем, а власть была готова прислушиваться к общественному мнению и учитывать общественные преобразовательные предложения при разработке идейных основ правительственной политики модернизации. Письма и записки на имя государственных деятелей стали характерным свидетельством расширения публичной сферы в России и формирования новой модели взаимодействия власти и общества по линии субъект-субъектных отношений, что характеризовалось необходимостью как для общественности, так и для власти учитывать интересы и потребности друг друга в контексте преобразований.Статья написана в рамках исследования «Модернизация России: исследовательский опыт и образовательные практики» при финансовой поддержке гранта Южного федерального университета (ЮФУ) (проект № ВнГр-07/2017-16)

Reactor for In-Situ Measurements of Spatially Resolved Kinetic Data in Heterogeneous Catalysis

The present work describes a reactor that allows in-situ measurements of spatially resolved kinetic data in heterogenous catalysis. The reactor design allows measurements up to temperatures of 1300 ±C and 45 bar pressure, i.e. conditions of industrial relevance. The reactor involves reactants flowing through a solid catalyst bed containing a sampling capillary with a side sampling orifice through which a small fraction of the reacting fluid (gas or liquid) is transferred into an analytical device (e.g. MS, GC, HPLC) for quantitative analysis. The sampling capillary can be moved with ¹m resolution in or against flow direction to measure species profiles through the catalyst bed. Rotation of the sampling capillary allows averaging over several scan lines. The position of the sampling orifice is such that the capillary channel through the catalyst bed remains always occupied by the capillary preventing flow disturbance and fluid bypassing. The second function of the sampling capillary is to provide a well which can accommodate temperature probes such as a thermocouple or a pyrometer fiber. If a thermocouple is inserted in the sampling capillary and aligned with the sampling orifice fluid temperature profiles can be measured. A pyrometer fiber can be used to measure the temperature profile of the solid catalyst bed. Spatial profile measurements are demonstrated for methane oxidation on Pt and methane oxidative coupling on Li/MgO, both catalysts supported on reticulated a-Al2O3 foam supports

Features of territorial rural resettlement and service systems transformation of the kurgan region

In the conditions of aging and depopulation of the Russian population human resources and human capital become the most scarce. So the region of the Russian Federation, the Kurgan region, for the last 25 years lost a quarter of the population (-208608 people). The village stagnates and degrades especially. Transformation processes of the last decades bared and strengthened problems in the village, testimonial of deep deformations in the social and economic sphere. How to stop negative tendencies in the village? What can become "points" of growth and stable development of certain regions? Specific regional researches of rural systems of resettlement, quality and a conduct of life, service level of a rural population can give answers to these questions. In this regard, the territorial research of systems of rural resettlement and services industry of the Kurgan region, conditions, mechanisms and results of transformation will help to reveal key problems and contradictions, to find ways of their decision. We will rely in the work on dialectic synthesis of the system and dynamic and territorial analysis. Rural resettlement is considered by us as system, process and result of the territorial and functional interconnected combination and development of network of settlements and network of objects of services industry. Problems of interaction and development of systems of resettlement and servicing remain very urgent for the rural zone. Systems of resettlement of the Kurgan region have uniform and average and big settlements, and distances between rural settlements average 6-7 km. It just also determines an integrated approach to forming of "set" of objects of services industry in this or that settlement depending on population, and not just "separate" calculation of schools, hospitals, etc., in particular, using the western models of "gravitation"

Сальтаторное проведение пачечного воздействия

We consider a set of differential equations which describe the saltatory conduction of repeated impulses.Рассматривается система дифференциальных уравнений, описывающая проведение пачки импульсов по миелинизированному волокну

The effect of increasing rates of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality parameters of potato tubers

The yield and quality parameters of potato tubers of Gala variety were determined in the conditions of the Middle Urals in 2020 and 2022 in long-term stationary experiment after prolonged application of NPK increasing rates (30-60-90-120-150 kg a.i.). The application of NPK by 60 kg a.i./ha and more promoted the potato yield raise by 1.1-1.3 times in 2020 and by 1.3-1.5 times in 2022 compared with the control variant without fertilizers (21.4 and 14.4 t/ha by years, respectively). The lowest dry matter content over the years of research was noted at the maximum dose of N150P150K150 mineral fertilizer in the experiment– 15.6 % in favorable weather conditions of 2020 and 19.4 % in the dry 2022. The starch content in potato tubers did not depend on the dose of applied mineral fertilizers and varied in 2020 in the range from 11.1 to 13.8 %, in 2022 – from 14.4 to 16.3 %. In potato tubers the content of crude protein in the wet mass increased from 1.32 to 1.90 % in 2020 and from 1.80 to 2.65 % in 2022 to the weight of wet mass with an increase in the dose of NPK from 30 to 150 kg/ ha active substance. The sugar content in 2020 was 0.58-0.83 % for natural humidity, in 2022 – 0.23-0.47 %. The fiber content in potato tubers did not depend on the doses of applied mineral fertilizers. The application of increasing doses of NPK did not lead to exceeding the permissible value of the nitrate content in fresh potato. According to a comprehensive assessment of the quality of tubers, potato yield, obtained under given conditions, was suitable for the production of low carbohydrate potato products and for fodder purposes

Steady operation of the electric drive of pipeline armature in the emergency situation at low ambient temperatures

This scientific work is devoted to the study of the electric drive operation of pipeline armature at low ambient temperatures. Hit of moisture into reducer and rare inclusions in operation of locking regulator are led to curdling lubricant that causes the increased wear of mechanical knots. There is a probability of freezing mechanical components; it leads to emergency situations. The problem of improving working efficiency of the electric drive of shut-off regulating armature at low ambient temperatures of the environment is solved in this work. A simulation model of the GUSAR electric drive was developed to solve this problem. Studies of the simulation model show the need to limit the torque increase rate on a drive motor shaft. The algorithm of setting of PI speed controller to obtain acceptable transient processes is suggested. Recommendations for the use of the algorithm in the microprocessor control system of electric drive are proposed. It is shown that the electric drive operation algorithm with torque increasing limitation on the motor shaft will be smoothly working off the perturbing actions that occur in pipeline armature

Premalignant changes in the bronchial epithelium are prognostic factors of distant metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer patients

Background: The study assessed the possibility of dividing patients into groups based on the assessment of morphological changes in the epithelium of small-caliber bronchi located near the primary tumor in order to predict high and low risks of distant metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: In 171 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (T1-4N0-3M0) in small-caliber bronchi taken at a distance of 3–5 cm from the tumor, various variants of morphological changes in the bronchial epithelium (basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), squamous cell metaplasia (SM), and dysplasia (D)) were assessed. Long-term results of treatment, namely, distant metastasis, were assessed after 2 and 5 years. Results: During the follow-up period, distant metastases were found in 35.1% (60/171) of patients. Most often, they were observed in patients of the high-risk group: BCH+SM−D−(51.6%, 40/95) and BCH−SM+D+ (54.4%, 6/11). Less often, distant metastases were observed in low-risk group patients: BCH+SM+D− (6.7%, 3/45) and BCH−SM−D−(10.0%, 2/20). Tumor size, grade, and stage were significant predictors of metastasis only in the high-risk group. The 5-year metastasis-free survival was better in the low-risk group of distant metastases. Conclusions: Isolated BCH or dysplasia in small bronchi distant from foci of tumor isassociated with a high-risk distant metastasis and less 5-year metastasis-free survival