Haddock avoidance reactions during trawling

Fish reaction to the whole trawling operation was studied using a stationary echo sounder-system observing the fish in front of the vessel and during trawl passage. Strong avoidance reactions were observed on haddock, with both horizontal and vertical movements of the fish. The observations indicate that the fish density available for the bottom trawl at shallow depths may be significantly higher than estimated by the echo integration system on board the trawling vessel, and that vessel avoidance may be an important trawl selection factor

Stripping the 21st Century Classroom Naked: Treachery or Technique?

Some things at a glance though not desirable could be tolerated and ignored in this 21st century regarding the outlook of a typical classroom but not a naked classroom The paradigm shift in the age of the technology driven instructional delivery is a classroom equipped with modern technological tools for enhancing teaching and learning The new age schools and educational institutions pride themselves as having learning delivered by state-of-the-art technology thus classrooms having the touch of information and communication technology equipment and teachers who are trained in the art students as digital natives etc Anyone who thinks otherwise stripping classroom naked must be living in the past would be the immediate response to such postulation This paper take a critical look at a naked classroom in bid to unravel whether so doing has any relevance a technique or a fallacy The paper makes conclusion and recommendations amongst others that our classrooms should be reserved for useful face-to-face discussions and engaging students by using technology outside the classroo

Hubungan Dukungan Suami Dan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Pada Ibu Anggota Kelompok Pendukung Asi (Kp-asi)

Breast milk is the best investment for children\u27s health and intelligence of. Exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by health behavior factors, one of which is a driving factor including husband and family support that is necessary for mothers to breastfeed exclusively. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between husband and family support with exclusive breastfeeding in breastfed mothers of KP-ASI members in Megaluh Jombang Public Health Center. This study is an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. Sample was breastfed mother who is participant of KP-ASI and had infants aged 6-12 months as much as 74 people selected using purposive sampling method. The data was collected through interview using a questionnaire. The result showed there was a correlation between family support and exclusive breastfeeding behavior (p = 0.011) but there was no correlation between husband support with exclusive breastfeeding behavior (p = 0.090). In conclusion, family support as reinforcing factor can motivate a mother to do exclusive breastfeeding. It is expected that all members of the family can provide support for mother to breastfeed exclusively and cadres can also invite mothers\u27 family members (parents, husband, siblings) to participate in the counseling (KP-ASI) activity and provide education regarding the importance of exclusive breastfeeding

Interaction of Metallic Iron with Solutions Containing Humic Acids and Cu(II)

Humic acids are responsible for the heavy metal movement in the environment. In order to diminish soil pollution with heavy metals the treatment of groundwater with metallic iron has been proposed. Investigations with model solutions containing humic acids and Cu(II) have shown that metallic iron is an effective decontaminant for humic acids containing solutions. The application of the mechanical brush-up of the passive layers from surface using rotating systems loaded with iron pieces gives satisfactory results. The decontamination rate depends mainly on solution pH and the iron surface renewal rate. The presence of Cu(II) ions in the solution or metallic copper in the load increase the decontamination rate

Gamma-ray signatures of cosmic ray acceleration, propagation, and confinement in the era of CTA

Galactic cosmic rays are commonly believed to be accelerated at supernova remnants via diffusive shock acceleration. Despite the popularity of this idea, a conclusive proof for its validity is still missing. Gamma-ray astronomy provides us with a powerful tool to tackle this problem, because gamma rays are produced during cosmic ray interactions with the ambient gas. The detection of gamma rays from several supernova remnants is encouraging, but still does not constitute a proof of the scenario, the main problem being the difficulty in disentangling the hadronic and leptonic contributions to the emission. Once released by their sources, cosmic rays diffuse in the interstellar medium, and finally escape from the Galaxy. The diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic disk, as well as the gamma-ray emission detected from a few galaxies is largely due to the interactions of cosmic rays in the interstellar medium. On much larger scales, cosmic rays are also expected to permeate the intracluster medium, since they can be confined and accumulated within clusters of galaxies for cosmological times. Thus, the detection of gamma rays from clusters of galaxies, or even upper limits on their emission, will allow us to constrain the cosmic ray output of the sources they contain, such as normal galaxies, AGNs, and cosmological shocks. In this paper, we describe the impact that the Cherenkov Telescope Array, a future ground-based facility for very-high energy gamma-ray astronomy, is expected to have in this field of research.Comment: accepted to Astroparticle Physics, special issue on Physics with the Cherenkov Telescope Arra

E-Participation towards Legislation: The Case of the Philippines

This paper discusses the issues toward the development of an eParticipation framework contextualized to the Philippine setting for legislation and the development of an ICT system. The project aims to enhance citizen participation and community empowerment in two key roles of the legislature – law making and executive oversight. The project used the concepts of eTransformation and Rapid Application Development Approach (RAD) to identify issues that will affect the future deployment of eParticipation Systems

Is the giant radio galaxy M 87 a TeV gamma-ray emitter?

For the first time an excess of photons above an energy threshold of 730 GeV from the giant radio galaxy M 87 has been measured at a significance level above 4 σ. The data have been taken during the years 1998 and 1999 with the HEGRA stereoscopic system of 5 imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The excess of 107.4 ± 26.8 events above 730 GeV corresponds to an integral flux of 3.3% of the Crab flux or Nγ (E > 730 GeV) = (0.96 ± 0.23) × 10-12 phot cm-2 s-1. M 87 is located at the center of the Virgo cluster of galaxies at a relatively small redshift of z = 0.00436 and is a promising candidate among the class of giant radio galaxies for the emission of TeV γ-radiation. The detection of TeV γ-rays from M 87 - if confirmed - would establish a new class of extragalactic source in this energy regime since all other AGN detected to date at TeV energies are BL Lac type objects.F. A. Aharonian ...G. P. Rowell...et al

Evidence for TeV gamma ray emission from Cassiopeia A

232 hours of data were accumulated from 1997 to 1999, using the HEGRA Stereoscopic Cherenkov Telescope System to observe the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. TeV gamma ray emission was detected at the 5 sigma level, and a flux of (5.8 +- 1.2(stat) +- 1.2(syst)) 10^(-9) ph m^(-2) s^(-1) above 1 TeV was derived. The spectral distribution is consistent with a power law with a differential spectral index of -2.5 +- 0.4(stat) +- 0.1(syst) between 1 and 10 TeV. As this is the first report of the detection of a TeV gamma ray source on the "centi-Crab" scale, we present the analysis in some detail. Implications for the acceleration of cosmic rays depend on the details of the source modeling. We discuss some important aspects in this paper.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Observations of H1426+428 with HEGRA -- Observations in 2002 and reanalysis of 1999&2000 data

The HEGRA system of imaging air Cherenkov telescopes has been used to observe the BL Lac object H1426+428 ($z=0.129$) for 217.5 hours in 2002. In this data set alone, the source is detected at a confidence level of $5.3~\sigma$, confirming this object as a TeV source. The overall flux level during the observations in 2002 is found to be a factor of $\approx 2.5$ lower than during the previous observations by HEGRA in 1999&2000. A new spectral analysis has been carried out, improving the signal-to-noise ratio at the expense of a slightly increased systematic uncertainty and reducing the relative energy resolution to $\Delta E/E\le 12$ over a wide range of energies. The new method has also been applied to the previously published data set taken in 1999 and 2000, confirming the earlier claim of a flattening of the energy spectrum between 1 and 5 TeV. The data set taken in 2002 shows again a signal at energies above 1 TeV. We combine the energy spectra as determined by the CAT and VERITAS groups with our reanalyzed result of the 1999&2000 data set and apply a correction to account for effects of absorption of high energy photons on extragalactic background light in the optical to mid infrared band. The shape of the inferred source spectrum is mostly sensitive to the characteristics of the extragalactic background light between wavelengths of 1 and 15~$\mu$mComment: 12 pages, 4 Figures, submitted to A&