Auslander-Buchweitz approximation theory for triangulated categories

We introduce and develop an analogous of the Auslander-Buchweitz approximation theory (see \cite{AB}) in the context of triangulated categories, by using a version of relative homology in this setting. We also prove several results concerning relative homological algebra in a triangulated category \T, which are based on the behavior of certain subcategories under finiteness of resolutions and vanishing of Hom-spaces. For example: we establish the existence of preenvelopes (and precovers) in certain triangulated subcategories of \T. The results resemble various constructions and results of Auslander and Buchweitz, and are concentrated in exploring the structure of a triangulated category \T equipped with a pair (\X,\omega), where \X is closed under extensions and $\omega$ is a weak-cogenerator in \X, usually under additional conditions. This reduces, among other things, to the existence of distinguished triangles enjoying special properties, and the behavior of (suitably defined) (co)resolutions, projective or injective dimension of objects of \T and the formation of orthogonal subcategories. Finally, some relationships with the Rouquier's dimension in triangulated categories is discussed.Comment: To appear at: Appl. Categor. Struct. (2011); 22 page

Evaluation of total phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity in purple tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa) genotypes

Purple tomatillo genotypes were evaluated for their total anthocyanin, phenolic and antioxidant capacity. The result showed that ICTS-UDG-9-224 and ICTS-UDG-9-32 had the highest amount of total phenolic compounds 10.08 and 9.6 mg GAE/g fresh weight in genotypes, respectively, followed by ICTS-UDG-1-1 and ICTS-UDG-2-2 (5.5 and 5.3 mg GAE/g fresh weight), respectively. The highest content of anthocyanins was found in the genotypes ICTS-UDG-9-32 (6.94 mg of pelargonidin 3-glucoside equivalents/g of fresh weight). In contrast, the genotypes ICTS-UDG-9-224 showed lowest values of antocyanins content. On the other hand, for total antioxidant capacity, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods showed that genotypes, ICTS-UDG-2-2 and ICTS-UDG-1-1 had the highest antioxidant capacity (approximately 80%) followed by genotypes ICTS-UDG-9-32 (55%) and ICTS-UDG-9-224 (28%), respectively. These results provide useful and important information for researchers in order to increase the antioxidant capacity and functional value of purple tomatillo for the food and nutraceutical industries.Key word: Antocyanins, purple tomatillos, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity

Estrategias metodológicas implementadas en aulas alternativas con enfoque multigrado y tradicional, su impacto en el aprendizaje del alumno [alumn]a del primer ciclo de Educación Básica del programa EDUCO del Centro Escolar Cantón El Carmen, Municipio de Santo Tomás, San Salvador, y propuesta alternativa

La investigación que ha sido realizada sobre la base de las aulas alternativas con enfoque multigrado teniendo como finalidad fortalecer el desarrollo del proceso didáctico escolarizado en niños y niñas de Primer ciclo de Educación Básica del programa Educación con participación de la comunidad (EDUCO). Dicha investigación se desarrolló gracias a la colaboración de la comunidad educativa del Centro Escolar Cantón el Carmen Santo Tomás

Analysis of genome expression of rhizobium etli in free living and plant-associated symbiotic state

Comunicaciones a congreso

Microscopic Evaluation of Necrotic Cell Death in the Cartilage Destined for Experimental Tracheal Allografts: Lyophilization vs Cryopreservation

Tracheal replacement remains an important unmet need for patients with extensive lesions. Tracheal allografts treated by cryopreservation and lyophilization have been used as experimental methods for replacing long segments of the trachea. We compare the effect of lyophilization and cryopreservation on the canine tracheal cartilage by microscopic evaluation of necrotic cell death. Canine tracheal segments were rinsed and randomly divided into a control group (G1) and two biopreservation groups: lyophilization (G2) [−70–55°C/10 mmBar] and cryopreservation (G3) [RPMI-1640 + 10%DMSO + 10%SBF, −70°C/−196°C]. After tracheal segments were rehydrated (G2) or thawed (G3), the central ring was obtained from each tracheal segment and processed for histological evaluation with hematoxylin and eosin and for caspase-3 expression by immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control group, chondrocytes without apparent abnormalities, nucleus with karyorrhexis, and caspase-3 expression decreased significantly with the effect of lyophilization and cryopreservation (p < 0.001, ANOVA + Tukey, chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis), while a significant decrease in pyknotic nuclei was observed only with the effect of the lyophilization as well as an increase in the nucleus with karyolysis and empty lacunae (p < 0.001, ANOVA + Tukey). The mean percentages of normal chondrocytes and empty lacunae were significantly affected by lyophilization compared with cryopreservation (p < 0.01, ANOVA + Tukey). Our results strongly suggest that lyophilization has a deleterious impact on the tracheal cartilage

Structural and Lattice-Dynamical Properties of Tb2O3 under Compression: A Comparative Study with Rare Earth and Related Sesquioxides

[EN] We report a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the high pressure structural and vibrational properties of terbium sesquioxide (Tb2O3). Powder X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements show that cubic Ia (3 ) over bar (C-type) Tb2O3 undergoes two phase transitions up to 25 GPa. We observe a first irreversible reconstructive transition to the monoclinic C2/m (B-type) phase at similar to 7 GPa and a subsequent reversible displacive transition from the monoclinic to the trigonal P (3) over bar m1 (A-type) phase at similar to I-2 GPa. Thus, Tb2O3 is found to follow the well- known C -> B -> A phase transition sequence found in other cubic rare earth sesquioxides with cations of larger atomic mass than Tb. Our ab initio theoretical calculations predict phase transition pressures and bulk moduli for the three phases in rather good agreement with experimental results. Moreover, Raman-active modes of the three phases have been monitored as a function of pressure, while lattice-dynamics calculations have allowed us to confirm the assignment of the experimental phonon modes in the C- and A-type phases as well as to make a tentative assignment of the symmetry of most vibrational modes in the B-type phase. Finally, we extract the bulk moduli and the Raman-active mode frequencies together with their pressure coefficients for the three phases of Tb2O3 . These results are thoroughly compared and discussed in relation to those reported for rare earth and other related sesquioxides as well as with new calculations for selected sesquioxides. It is concluded that the evolution of the volume and bulk modulus of all the three phases of these technologically relevant compounds exhibit a nearly linear trend with respect to the third power of the ionic radii of the cations and that the values of the bulk moduli for the three phases depend on the filling of the f orbitals.The authors are thankful for the financial support of Generalitat Valenciana under Project PROMETEO 2018/123-EFIMAT and of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under Projects MAT2015-71035-R, MAT2016-75586-C4-2/3/4-P, and FIS2017-2017-83295-P as well as MALTA Consolider Team research network under project RED2018-102612-T. J.A.S. also acknowledges the Ramon y Cajal program for funding support through RYC-2015-17482. A.M. and P.R.-H. acknowledge computing time provided by Red Española de Supercomputación (RES) and the MALTA Consolider Team cluster. HP-XRD experiments were performed at MPSD beamline of Alba Synchrotron (experiment no. 2016071772). We would like to thank Oriol Blázquez (Universitat de Barcelona) for his contribution to the Raman measurements.Ibañez, J.; Sans-Tresserras, JÁ.; Cuenca-Gotor, VP.; Oliva, R.; Gomis, O.; Rodríguez-Hernández, P.; Muñoz, A.... (2020). Structural and Lattice-Dynamical Properties of Tb2O3 under Compression: A Comparative Study with Rare Earth and Related Sesquioxides. Inorganic Chemistry. 59(14):9648-9666. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00834S964896665914Pan, T.-M., Chen, F.-H., & Jung, J.-S. (2010). Structural and electrical characteristics of high-k Tb2O3 and Tb2TiO5 charge trapping layers for nonvolatile memory applications. Journal of Applied Physics, 108(7), 074501. doi:10.1063/1.3490179Kao, C. H., Liu, K. C., Lee, M. H., Cheng, S. N., Huang, C. H., & Lin, W. K. (2012). High dielectric constant terbium oxide (Tb2O3) dielectric deposited on strained-Si:C. Thin Solid Films, 520(8), 3402-3405. doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2011.10.173Gray, N. W., Prestgard, M. C., & Tiwari, A. (2014). 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Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 6(1), 105-113. doi:10.1166/jnn.2006.17913Sheng, J., Li-Gang, B., Jing, L., Wan-Sheng, X., Xiao-Dong, L., Yan-Chun, L., … Li-Rong, Z. (2009). The Phase Transition of Eu 2 O 3 under High Pressures. Chinese Physics Letters, 26(7), 076101. doi:10.1088/0256-307x/26/7/076101Irshad, K. A., Chandra Shekar, N. V., Srihari, V., Pandey, K. K., & Kalavathi, S. (2017). High pressure structural phase transitions in Ho: Eu2O3. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 725, 911-915. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.07.224Yu, Z., Wang, Q., Ma, Y., & Wang, L. (2017). X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy study of nano-Eu2O3 structural transformation under high pressure. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 701, 542-548. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.143Guo, Q., Zhao, Y., Jiang, C., Mao, W. L., & Wang, Z. (2008). Phase transformation in Sm2O3 at high pressure: In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study and ab initio DFT calculation. 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Applied Physics Letters, 94(6), 061921. doi:10.1063/1.3082082Wang, L., Yang, W., Ding, Y., Ren, Y., Xiao, S., Liu, B., … Mao, H. (2010). Size-Dependent Amorphization of NanoscaleY2O3at High Pressure. Physical Review Letters, 105(9). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.095701Halevy, I., Carmon, R., Winterrose, M. L., Yeheskel, O., Tiferet, E., & Ghose, S. (2010). Pressure-induced structural phase transitions in Y2O3sesquioxide. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 215, 012003. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/215/1/012003Dai, R. C., Zhang, Z. M., Zhang, C. C., & Ding, Z. J. (2010). Photoluminescence and Raman Studies of Y2O3:Eu3+ Nanotubes Under High Pressure. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 10(11), 7629-7633. doi:10.1166/jnn.2010.2752DAI, R., WANG, Z., ZHANG, Z., & DING, Z. (2010). Photoluminescence study of SiO2 coated Eu3+:Y2O3 core-shells under high pressure. Journal of Rare Earths, 28, 241-245. doi:10.1016/s1002-0721(10)60275-xYusa, H., Tsuchiya, T., Sata, N., & Ohishi, Y. (2010). 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High-pressure phase transition in Mn2O3: Application for the crystal structure and preferred orientation of the CaIrO3type. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(15). doi:10.1029/2006gl026423Shim, S.-H., LaBounty, D., & Duffy, T. S. (2011). Raman spectra of bixbyite, Mn2O3, up to 40 GPa. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 38(9), 685-691. doi:10.1007/s00269-011-0441-4Hong, F., Yue, B., Hirao, N., Liu, Z., & Chen, B. (2017). Significant improvement in Mn2O3 transition metal oxide electrical conductivity via high pressure. Scientific Reports, 7(1). doi:10.1038/srep44078Yusa, H., Tsuchiya, T., Sata, N., & Ohishi, Y. (2008). Rh2O3(II)-type structures inGa2O3andIn2O3under high pressure: Experiment and theory. Physical Review B, 77(6). doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.064107Liu, D., Lei, W. W., Zou, B., Yu, S. D., Hao, J., Wang, K., … Zou, G. T. (2008). High-pressure x-ray diffraction and Raman spectra study of indium oxide. Journal of Applied Physics, 104(8), 083506. doi:10.1063/1.2999369Qi, J., Liu, J. 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Efecto de la suplementación con grasa protegida sobre la producción y calidad de carne de toretes mexicanos doble propósito

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