Diagn?stico sobre la implementaci?n del sistema institucional de evaluaci?n de los estudiantes (siedes) seg?n el decreto 1290 de 2009, en la instituci?n educativa Manuel Elkin Patarroyo de la ciudad de Girardot

211 P?ginasLa investigaci?n ?Diagn?stico sobre la implementaci?n del Sistema Institucional de Evaluaci?n de los Estudiantes (SIE) seg?n el decreto 1290 de 2009 en la Instituci?n Educativa Manuel Elkin Patarroyo de la ciudad de Girardot? pretende valorar el proceso de implementaci?n del SIE, el cual direcciona la evaluaci?n de los aprendizajes y la promoci?n de los estudiantes en los niveles de b?sica y media. Para lograr identificar los aspectos abordados en la investigaci?n se tom? una muestra de directivos docentes, docentes, estudiantes y padres de familia, a quienes se les aplicaron entrevistas. Igualmente se realiz? una revisi?n documental sobre el Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI), el SIE y las actas de los consejos acad?mico, de padres y directivo, para determinar su articulaci?n y pertinencia. As? se pudo detectar que se hab?an omitido algunos requerimientos propuestos en el decreto y que no hay una apropiaci?n del concepto de evaluaci?n, sus fines y funciones, seg?n lo propuesto en el decreto 1290 en general, ni del SIEDES, en particular. Con base en los resultados, se realiza una gu?a metodol?gica que brinda orientaciones sobre aquellos aspectos que no se tuvieron en cuenta durante el proceso de implementaci?n del SIEDES, los cuales no han permitido que se convierta en una herramienta valiosa que ofrece informaci?n sobre los procesos educativos que giran en torno a ella y que aseguran un avance en la mejora de la educaci?n que ofrece la instituci?n.ABSTRACT The research "Diagnosis on the implementation of the Institutional System of Student Assessment (SIE) by decree 1290 of 2009 in Manuel Elkin Patarroyo school from Girardot city" analyzes the implementation process of the SIE, which addresses the evaluation of learning and the promotion of students in elementary and secondary levels. In order to identify the issues raised in the research, we took as sample school administrators, teachers, students and parents, who were applied interviews. Also a literature review on the Institutional Education Project (PEI) and the Institutional System of Student Assessment (SIEDES) and proceedings of teachers administrators, teachers and parents councils were conducted to determine its articulation and relevance. Thus it was possible to detect that were omitted some proposed in the decree 1290 requirements and that there is no appropriation by the majority of the educational community, the concept of evaluation, its purposes and functions, as proposed in the decree 1290 generally or the SIEDES in particular. Based on the results, a methodological guide that provides guidance on those aspects that were not taken into account during the implementation process SIEDES, which have not allowed it to become a valuable tool that provides information on educational processes are performed revolving around it and ensuring progress in improving the education offered by the school.INTRODUCCION 19 1. PROBLEMA 23 1.1 DESCRIPCI?N DEL PROBLEMA 23 1.2 PREGUNTA DE INVESTIGACI?N 24 2. JUSTIFICACI?N 25 3. OBJETIVOS 27 3.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL 27 3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS 27 4.LA EVALUACI?N EN LA EDUCACI?N28 4.1 CONCEPTO DE EVALUACI?N 28 4.2 FUNCIONES Y FINES DE LA EVALUACI?N 31 4.3 TIPOLOG?A DE LA EVALUACI?N 33 4.3.1 Evaluaci?n sumativa. 33 4.3.2 Evaluaci?n formativa.. 34 4.3.3 La evaluaci?n seg?n su normotipo.. 35 4.3.4 La evaluaci?n seg?n su temporalizaci?n. 35 4.3.5 La evaluaci?n seg?n sus agentes. 37 4.3.6 Evaluaci?n de competencias 38 4.3.6.1 Una aproximaci?n hist?rica a su concepto 38 4.3.6.2 Rasgos de complejidad de las competencias38 4.4 HISTORIA DE LA EVALUACI?N EN COLOMBIA 40 4.5 SOBRE DECRETO 1290, SISTEMAS INSTITUCIONALES DE EVALUACI?N 42 4.6 UNA MIRADA AL PROCESO DE IMPLEMENTACI?N DEL DECRETO DE EVALUACI?N 1290 DE 2009 EN ALGUNAS INSTITUCIONES EDUCATIVAS DE COLOMBIA 44 5. METODOLOG?A 48 5.1 TIPO DE INVESTIGACI?N 48 5.2 PARTICIPANTES 48 5.3 PROCESO DE LA INVESTIGACI?N 50 5.3.1 Planeaci?n, dise?o y organizaci?n del estudio 50 5.3.2 Indagaci?n y construcci?n te?rica. 50 5.3.3 Desarrollando las fases del anteproyecto, planteamiento del problema, justificaci?n, objetivos, revisi?n de antecedentes. 50 5.3.3.1 Implementaci?n y desarrollo del proyecto. 50 5.4 CATEGOR?AS DE AN?LISIS 52 6. RESULTADOS Y AN?LISIS DE LAS ENTREVISTAS 54 6.1 TABULACION Y AN?LISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A LOS DIRECTIVOS DOCENTES 54 6.2. TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LA ENTREVISTA REALIZADA A DOCENTES 56 6.3. TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LAS ENTREVISTAS REALIZADAS A ESTUDIANTES 58 9 6.4. TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A LOS PADRES DE FAMILIA 59 6.5 INTERPRETACI?N DE LOS RESULTADOS. CATEGOR?A 1: QU? ES LA EVALUACI?N. 60 6.6 TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A DIRECTIVOS DOCENTES. CATEGOR?A 2. ASPECTOS GENERALES DEL DECRETO 1290 62 6.7 TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A DOCENTES 63 6.8 TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A ESTUDIANTES 65 6.9 TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A PADRES DE FAMILIA 66 6.10 INTERPRETACI?N DIMENSI?N DOS: ASPECTOS GENERALES DEL DECRETO 11290 DE 2009 68 6.11 TABULACION Y AN?LISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A LOS DIRECTIVOS DOCENTES. CATEGOR?A 3: PROCESO DE CONSTRUCCI?N E IMPLEMENTACI?N DEL SIE. 69 6.12. TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A LOS DOCENTES 74 6.13 TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A LOS ESTUDIANTES 79 6.14 TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A LOS PADRES DE FAMILIA 80 6.15. INTERPRETACI?N DE LOS RESULTADOS DIMENSI?N 3: PROCESO E IMPLEMENTACION DEL SIE 81 6.16 TABULACION Y AN?LISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A LOS DIRECTIVOS DOCENTES. CATEGOR?A 4: APROBACI?N Y DIVULGACI?N DEL SIEDES 83 6.17 TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A LOS DOCENTES 86 10 6.18. TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A LOS ESTUDIANTES 88 6.19. TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LOS DATOS OBTENIDOS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A LOS PADRES DE FAMILIA 89 6.20 INTERPRETACI?N DE LOS RESULTADOS. DIMENSI?N 4: APROBACI?N Y DIVULGACI?N DEL SIEDES 90 6.21 AN?LISIS E INTERPRETACI?N DE LAS ENTREVISTAS APLICADAS A DIRECTIVOS. DIMENSI?N 5: CAMBIOS EN LAS PR?CTICAS EVALUATIVAS GENERADAS A PARTIR DEL DECRETO 1290 92 6.22. AN?LISIS E INTERPRETACI?N DE LAS ENTREVISTAS APLICADAS A DOCENTES. CATEGOR?A 5: CAMBIOS EN LAS PR?CTICAS EVALUATIVAS GENERADAS A PARTIR DEL DECRETO 1290 96 6.23. AN?LISIS E INTERPRETACI?N DE LAS ENTREVISTAS APLICADAS A ESTUDIANTES. CATEGOR?A 5: CAMBIOS EN LAS PR?CTICAS EVALUATIVAS GENERADAS A PARTIR DEL DECRETO 1290 99 6.24. AN?LISIS E INTERPRETACI?N DE LAS ENTREVISTAS APLICADAS A PADRES DE FAMILIA. CATEGOR?A 5: CAMBIOS EN LAS PR?CTICAS EVALUATIVAS GENERADAS A PARTIR DEL DECRETO 1290 102 6.25 INTERPRETACI?N DE LOS RESULTADOS. CATEGOR?A 5. CAMBIOS EN LAS PR?CTICAS EVALUATIVAS GENERADAS A PARTIR DEL SIEDES REGLAMENTADO POR EL DECRETO 1290. 103 6.26 TABULACI?N Y AN?LISIS DE LA ENTREVISTA APLICADA A DIRECTIVOS DOCENTES. DIMENSI?N SEIS. SEGUIMIENTO DE EVALUACI?N AL SIEE 105 7. CONCLUSIONES 109 RECOMENDACIONES 111 REFERENCIAS 11

Exposure to anti-malarial drugs and monitoring of adverse drug reactions using toll-free mobile phone calls in private retail sector in Sagamu, Nigeria: implications for pharmacovigilance

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) contribute to ill-health or life-threatening outcomes of therapy during management of infectious diseases. The exposure to anti-malarial and use of mobile phone technology to report ADRs following drug exposures were investigated in Sagamu - a peri-urban community in Southwest Nigeria.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Purchase of medicines was actively monitored for 28 days in three Community Pharmacies (CP) and four Patent and Proprietary Medicine Stores (PPMS) in the community. Information on experience of ADRs was obtained by telephone from 100 volunteers who purchased anti-malarials during the 28-day period.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>A total of 12,093 purchases were recorded during the period. Antibiotics, analgesics, vitamins and anti-malarials were the most frequently purchased medicines. A total of 1,500 complete courses of anti-malarials were purchased (12.4% of total purchases); of this number, purchases of sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and chloroquine (CQ) were highest (39.3 and 25.2% respectiuvely). Other anti-malarials purchased were artesunate monotherapy (AS) - 16.1%, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) 10.0%, amodiaquine (AQ) - 6.6%, quinine (QNN) - 1.9%, halofantrine (HF) - 0.2% and proguanil (PR) - 0.2%. CQ was the cheapest (USD 0.3) and halofantrine the most expensive (USD 7.7). AL was 15.6 times ($4.68) more expensive than CQ. The response to mobile phone monitoring of ADRs was 57% in the first 24 hours (day 1) after purchase and decreased to 33% by day 4. Participants in this monitoring exercise were mostly with low level of education (54%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The findings from this study indicate that ineffective anti-malaria medicines including monotherapies remain widely available and are frequently purchased in the study area. Cost may be a factor in the continued use of ineffective monotherapies. Availability of a toll-free telephone line may facilitate pharmacovigilance and follow up of response to medicines in a resource-poor setting.</p

First Colombian Multicentric Newborn Screening for Congenital Toxoplasmosis

Congenital toxoplasmosis can result in permanent sequel as blindness or neurological damage in children and it seems to be more severe in South America than in other continents. There is a lack of information about this frequency in Colombia, where no control program is established, although it is a recognized cause of potentially preventable congenital blindness. We propose the first Colombian multicentric study to determine the frequency and impact of congenital toxoplasmosis. More than 15,000 newborns in seven cities were studied. Newborns were tested at birth by doing a cord blood test for toxoplasmosis. Additionally, children from mothers with history of toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy were recalled for a follow-up. The program identified fifteen children otherwise undiagnosed; three of these children died as consequence of congenital toxoplasmosis. The frequency of the congenital infection varied significantly between cities, being higher in Armenia and Florencia, intermediate in Bogota, Bucaramanga and Barranquilla and very low in western cities such as Cucuta and Riohacha. For the first time a significant correlation was found between mean rainfall at the city and the incidence of this congenital infection

Haematological consequences of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network pooled analysis of individual patient data

Background: Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with anaemia-related morbidity, attributable to host, parasite and drug factors. We quantified the haematological response following treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria to identify the factors associated with malarial anaemia. Methods: Individual patient data from eligible antimalarial efficacy studies of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, available through the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network data repository prior to August 2015, were pooled using standardised methodology. The haematological response over time was quantified using a multivariable linear mixed effects model with nonlinear terms for time, and the model was then used to estimate the mean haemoglobin at day of nadir and day 7. Multivariable logistic regression quantified risk factors for moderately severe anaemia (haemoglobin < 7 g/dL) at day 0, day 3 and day 7 as well as a fractional fall ≥ 25% at day 3 and day 7. Results: A total of 70,226 patients, recruited into 200 studies between 1991 and 2013, were included in the analysis: 50,859 (72.4%) enrolled in Africa, 18,451 (26.3%) in Asia and 916 (1.3%) in South America. The median haemoglobin concentration at presentation was 9.9 g/dL (range 5.0–19.7 g/dL) in Africa, 11.6 g/dL (range 5.0–20.0 g/dL) in Asia and 12.3 g/dL (range 6.9–17.9 g/dL) in South America. Moderately severe anaemia (Hb < 7g/dl) was present in 8.4% (4284/50,859) of patients from Africa, 3.3% (606/18,451) from Asia and 0.1% (1/916) from South America. The nadir haemoglobin occurred on day 2 post treatment with a mean fall from baseline of 0.57 g/dL in Africa and 1.13 g/dL in Asia. Independent risk factors for moderately severe anaemia on day 7, in both Africa and Asia, included moderately severe anaemia at baseline (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 16.10 and AOR = 23.00, respectively), young age (age < 1 compared to ≥ 12 years AOR = 12.81 and AOR = 6.79, respectively), high parasitaemia (AOR = 1.78 and AOR = 1.58, respectively) and delayed parasite clearance (AOR = 2.44 and AOR = 2.59, respectively). In Asia, patients treated with an artemisinin-based regimen were at significantly greater risk of moderately severe anaemia on day 7 compared to those treated with a non-artemisinin-based regimen (AOR = 2.06 [95%CI 1.39–3.05], p < 0.001). Conclusions: In patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, the nadir haemoglobin occurs 2 days after starting treatment. Although artemisinin-based treatments increase the rate of parasite clearance, in Asia they are associated with a greater risk of anaemia during recovery

A processed pseudogene contributes to apparent mule deer prion gene heterogeneity

Pathogenesis and transmission of the prion disorders (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, TSEs) are mediated by a modified isoform of the prion protein (PrP). Prion protein gene (PRNP) alleles associated with relative susceptibility to TSE have been identified in sheep, humans and possibly elk. Comparable data have not been derived for mule deer, a species susceptible to the TSE chronic wasting disease (CWD). Initial analysis of the open reading frame (ORF) in exon 3 of the mule deer PRNP gene revealed polymorphisms in all 145 samples analyzed, with 10 potential polymorphic sites. Because 144/145 (99.3%) of the samples were heterozygous for a coding change (N/ S) at codon 138 (bp 412) and a non-coding polymorphism at bp 418, and individual deer with three or four different alleles were identified a possible gene duplication was indicated. Analysis of BAC clones containing mule deer PRNP genes revealed a full length functional gene and a processed pseudogene. The pseudogene was characteristic of previously described retroelements, in that it lacks introns and is flanked by repeat sequences. Three alleles of the functional gene were identified, with coding changes only at codons 20 (D/G) and 225 (S/F). Determination of PRNP functional gene alleles from 47 CWD-positive mule deer showed the predominant allele encoded 20D225S (frequency 0.85). When alleles were grouped by coding changes in the functional gene, four of the six possible peptide combinations were identified in infected deer. Three pseudogene alleles with coding changes in exon 3 were identified in the mule deer samples examined. Because the TSEs appear to be ‘‘protein only’’ disorders, the presence of an untranslated pseudogene is not expected to affect disease resistance. Therefore, selection of a genotyping method specific for the functional gene is critical for large-scale studies to identify the role of the PRNP gene in susceptibility to CWD in mule deer

Abundant PrP\u3csup\u3eCWD\u3c/sup\u3e in tonsil from mule deer with preclinical chronic wasting disease

A monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay was used to evaluate detergent lysates of tonsil tissue from mule deer to detect PrPCWD, the marker for the cervid transmissible spongiform encephalopathy chronic wasting disease (CWD). Samples of formalin-fixed brain and tonsil tissues from mule deer were examined for PrPCWD using immunohistochemistry (IHC) with Mab F99/97.6.1, the gold standard for diagnosis of preclinical CWD. The contralateral tonsil from each of the 143 deer was prepared for confirmatory IHC and as a 10% (wt/vol) detergent lysate without purification or enrichment steps for monoclonal antibody dot-blot assay. PrPCWD was detected by dot-blot assay in 49 of 50 samples considered positive by IHC. Forty-eight of the positive samples were evaluated with a quantitative dot-blot assay calibrated with recombinant PrP. Tonsillar PrPCWD concentrations ranged from 34 to 1,188 ng per 0.5 mg starting wet weight of tissue. The abundant PrPCWD in mule deer tonsil will facilitate development and validation of high-throughput screening tests for CWD in large populations of free-ranging deer

Impacto de pruebas de diagnóstico rápido sobre los patrones de prescripción de medicamentos en pacientes con sospecha clínica de dengue en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud de Cali 2012-2017 [recurso electrónico]

El diagnóstico clínico del dengue es difícil debido a lo inespecífico de sus síntomas. Las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido disponibles (IgM/IgG y/o NS1) utilizan técnicas de inmunocromatografía que permiten resultados en 20 minutos; sin embargo, no son útiles para descartar la infección por su sensibilidad variable. Pese a su creciente uso en servicios asistenciales, hay insuficiente evidencia del efecto que puedan tener sobre conductas médicas como la prescripción farmacológica. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo con 330 sujetos que consultaron a una IPS en Cali entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2017, a quienes se les aplicó una prueba de diagnóstico rápido en dengue (IgM/IgG y/o NS1). Se considero como expuestos a los pacientes que tuvieron resultado positivo de la prueba rápida (n=165) y como no expuestos a los que tuvieron resultado negativo (n=165). La muestra fue seleccionada por muestreo aleatorio simple sin reemplazo. Los eventos a estudio fueron la prescripción de antibióticos y antinflamatorios. La información fue recolectada en un formulario electrónico, mediante revisión de historia clínicas. Se hizo un análisis descriptivo de la cohorte, seguido de dos análisis bivariados y multivariados, uno para el evento antibióticos y otro para antinflamatorios

Evaluación del desempeño del sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica de la enfermedad de Chagas en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca, 2017 [recurso electrónico]

La Enfermedad de Chagas (EC) en el mundo afecta entre 6 y 7 millones de personas, principalmente en Sur América; sin embargo, el aumento de migraciones ha ocasionado su expansión a zonas no endémicas. La OMS en el 2015 estimó 5.274 nuevos casos por año en Colombia, pero se notifican en promedio anualmente 940 casos. Aunque el Valle del Cauca no es considerado zona endémica, se han identificado condiciones ecológicas apropiadas para la presencia del vector, por lo que se hace necesario tener un sistema de vigilancia para la identificación adecuada y oportuna de los potenciales casos autóctonos, además de los casos importados