Spatial Patterns Associating Low Birth Weight with Environmental and Behavioral Factors

Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant public health problem in the world. It was estimated globally by the World Health Organization (WHO) that prevalence of LBW was 15% of all births. In Murung Raya district LBW cases remain high. This paper aimed to identify and discuss the relationship between environmental risk factors with LBW in Murung Raya.A spatial analysis was conducted with 150 women as the total participantswho were recruited through the incidence data in 2013-2014. The questionnaires, medical records, and geographic data were measured by Stata software, ArcGis, SatScan, and Geoda. The study results indicated there was significant correlation between health behavior and environmental variables with the strength of external neighborhood effect across LBW risk factors. More intense clustering of high values (hot spots) was found through the spatial analysis showing that most of the cases were located near the defined buffer zone. This research demonstrates that the spatial pattern analysis provided greater statistical power to detect an effect that was not apparent in the previous epidemiology studies

Kasus-Kasus Maternal di Berita Online Menyangkut Hak Asasi yang Patut Menjadi Pelajaran dalam Pendidikan Bidan di Indonesia

Abstrak Gerakan menghormati hak asasi manusia dalam pelayanan kesehatan maternal di berbagai negara mendorong petugas kesehatan bertindak lebih manusiawi. Perempuan selama ini diam karena tidak ingin memutus hubungan harmonis dengan bidan serta jarangnya isu ini diangkat dalam pertemuan profesi dan publikasi ilmiah menyebabkan perhatian yang rendah terhadap hak asasi manusia dalam pelayanan kesehatan maternal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kegagalan dalam pemenuhan hak kesehatan ibu hamil dan bersalin serta mengeksplorasi alasan-alasan yang menyebabkan hal tersebut terjadi. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan penelusuran berita online kompas.com, tribunnews.com, dan detiknews.com tahun 2016-2018 dengan kata kunci “malpraktik” dan “bidan”, tentang persoalan hak asasi manusia dalam pelayanan bidan. Kami mengikuti kasus dalam lebih dari satu media online, disertai perkembangan berita tentang kasus tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dominasi bidan dalam pelayanan kesehatan maternal di Indonesia, berdampak pada pengabaian hak asasi perempuan dan keselamatan. Kejadian ini pada kelompok orang dengan pendapatan rendah dan kelompok yang mampu. Didapatkan praktik bidan di luar kewenangan, kemungkinan motivasi mendapatkan keuntungan, dominasi bidan, posisi sosial perempuan yang rendah dalam pelayanan kesehatan maternal, dan keterlibatan masyarakat yang rendah untuk mendukung perempuan yang mengalami ketidakadilan dalam layanan kesehatan. Kepercayaan dan ketergantungan perempuan pada bidan, berdampak pengabaian hak asasi dan keselamatan ibu, tindakan di luar kewenangan, untuk pencarian keuntungan dalam praktik pribadi. Organisasi profesi dan pendidik bidan harus memasukkan penerapan hak asasi manusia dalam praktik kebidanan melalui kasus-kasus dari berita online dalam pertemuan berkala asosiasi profesi, serta kurikulum pendidikan, untuk mencegah dampak buruk pengabaian hak asasi ibu di masa depan. Kata kunci: pengabaian hak asasi dalam layanan bidan, kasus malpraktik bidan, penguatan pendidikan bidan Abstract The movement to respect human rights in maternal health services in various countries encourages health workers to act more humanely. Low attention to human rights issue in maternal health services due to the silent of the victims-because women do not want to break the harmonious relationship with midwives, and this issue is rarely raised in professional meetings and scientific publications. This study aims to identify failures in fulfilling the health rights of pregnant women and childbirth and explore the reasons for this. The research method is done by searching online news kompas.com, tribunnews.com, and detiknews.com in 2016-2018 with the keywords “malpractice” and “midwife”, about human rights issues in midwifery services. We followed the case in more than one online media, accompanied by the case progress report. The results of the study show that the dominance of midwives in maternal health services in Indonesia has an impact on neglecting women’s human rights and safety. This event is in the group of people with low income and groups who are able. The practice of midwive’s out of authority, possible motivations for profit, dominance of midwives, low social position of women in maternal health services, and low community involvement in supporting women who experience inequality in maternal health services. Trust and dependence of women on midwives, impact on neglecting human rights and maternal safety, actions that are beyond authority, for seeking profit in private practice. Midwife professional organizations and educators must incorporate the application of human rights in midwifery practice through cases from online news in periodic meetings of professional associations, as well as educational curricula, to prevent the adverse effects of neglecting maternal rights in the future. Keywords: neglect of human rights in midwife services, midwife malpractice case, strengthening midwifery educatio

Fast approximation of centrality and distances in hyperbolic graphs

We show that the eccentricities (and thus the centrality indices) of all vertices of a $\delta$-hyperbolic graph $G=(V,E)$ can be computed in linear time with an additive one-sided error of at most $c\delta$, i.e., after a linear time preprocessing, for every vertex $v$ of $G$ one can compute in $O(1)$ time an estimate $\hat{e}(v)$ of its eccentricity $ecc_G(v)$ such that $ecc_G(v)\leq \hat{e}(v)\leq ecc_G(v)+ c\delta$ for a small constant $c$. We prove that every $\delta$-hyperbolic graph $G$ has a shortest path tree, constructible in linear time, such that for every vertex $v$ of $G$, $ecc_G(v)\leq ecc_T(v)\leq ecc_G(v)+ c\delta$. These results are based on an interesting monotonicity property of the eccentricity function of hyperbolic graphs: the closer a vertex is to the center of $G$, the smaller its eccentricity is. We also show that the distance matrix of $G$ with an additive one-sided error of at most $c'\delta$ can be computed in $O(|V|^2\log^2|V|)$ time, where $c'< c$ is a small constant. Recent empirical studies show that many real-world graphs (including Internet application networks, web networks, collaboration networks, social networks, biological networks, and others) have small hyperbolicity. So, we analyze the performance of our algorithms for approximating centrality and distance matrix on a number of real-world networks. Our experimental results show that the obtained estimates are even better than the theoretical bounds.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1506.01799 by other author

Synthesis of CdS and CdSe nanocrystallites using a novel single-molecule precursors approach

The synthesis of CdS and CdSe nanocrystallites using the thermolysis of several dithioor diselenocarbamato complexes of cadmium in trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) is reported. The nanodispersed materials obtained show quantum size effects in their optical spectra and exhibit near band-edge luminescence. The influence of experimental parameters on the properties of the nanocrystallites is discussed. HRTEM images of these materials show well-defined, crystalline nanosized particles. Standard size fractionation procedures can be performed in order to narrow the size dispersion of the samples. The TOPO-capped CdS and CdSe nanocrystallites and simple organic bridging ligands, such as 2,2¢-bipyrimidine, are used as the starting materials for the preparation of novel nanocomposites. The optical properties shown by these new nanocomposites are compared with those of the starting nanodispersed materials

CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene is related to age at diagnosis of prostate cancer and response to endocrine therapy, but not to prostate cancer risk

The length of the polymorphic CAG repeat in the N-terminal of the androgen receptor (AR) gene is inversely correlated with the transactivation function of the AR. Some studies have indicated that short CAG repeats are related to higher risk of prostate cancer. We performed a case–control study to investigate relations between CAG repeat length and prostate cancer risk, tumour grade, tumour stage, age at diagnosis and response to endocrine therapy. The study included 190 AR alleles from prostate cancer patients and 186 AR alleles from female control subjects. All were whites from southern Sweden. The frequency distribution of CAG repeat length was strikingly similar for cases and controls, and no significant correlation between CAG repeat length and prostate cancer risk was detected. However, for men with non-hereditary prostate cancer (n = 160), shorter CAG repeats correlated with younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.03). There were also trends toward associations between short CAG repeats and high grade (P = 0.07) and high stage (P = 0.07) disease. Furthermore, we found that patients with long CAG repeats responded better to endocrine therapy, even after adjusting for pretreatment level of prostate-specific antigen and tumour grade and stage (P = 0.05). We conclude that short CAG repeats in the AR gene correlate with young age at diagnosis of prostate cancer, but not with higher risk of the disease. Selection of patients with early onset prostate cancer in case–control studies could therefore lead to an over-estimation of the risk of prostate cancer for men with short CAG repeats. An association between long CAG repeats and good response to endocrine therapy was also found, but the mechanism and clinical relevance are unclear. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity ¬¬¬¬Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Ru3+, VO2+ and UO22+ complexes of 2-hydroxy-5-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzylidene)-2-(p-tolyl- amino)acetohydrazide

Novel azo-acetohydrazide complexes of Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Ru3+, VO2+ and UO22+ with 2-hydroxy-5-((4-nitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzylidene)-2-(p-tolylamino)acetohydrazide have been prepared. All the compounds were analytically and spectroscopically characterized by various techniques. The data of molar conductance indicated the prepared complexes are nonelectrolyte in nature except complexes (10) and (11). The spectroscopic data point out that the behavior of ligand towards metal ions are neutral or monobasic bidentate, and dibasic tridentate ligand linked to the metal ions through oxygen atom of ketonic or enolic carbonyl group, azomethine nitrogen atom and/or deprotonated phenolic group forming either octahedral or tetragonally distorted octahedral geometry. X-ray powder diffraction analysis of complexes (2) and (3) indicate that the complexes are crystalline in nature and have monoclinic structures. The microbicides activities of all compounds evaluated by well diffusion method versus Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger at different concentration. The bioactivities data elucidated that as the concentration of the tested solutions increases the activities increase

The Incremental Cooperative Design of Preventive Healthcare Networks

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Soheil Davari, 'The incremental cooperative design of preventive healthcare networks', Annals of Operations Research, first published online 27 June 2017. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 27 June 2018. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-017-2569-1.In the Preventive Healthcare Network Design Problem (PHNDP), one seeks to locate facilities in a way that the uptake of services is maximised given certain constraints such as congestion considerations. We introduce the incremental and cooperative version of the problem, IC-PHNDP for short, in which facilities are added incrementally to the network (one at a time), contributing to the service levels. We first develop a general non-linear model of this problem and then present a method to make it linear. As the problem is of a combinatorial nature, an efficient Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) algorithm is proposed to solve it. In order to gain insight into the problem, the computational studies were performed with randomly generated instances of different settings. Results clearly show that VNS performs well in solving IC-PHNDP with errors not more than 1.54%.Peer reviewe

Energy Linearity and Resolution of the ATLAS Electromagnetic Barrel Calorimeter in an Electron Test-Beam

A module of the ATLAS electromagnetic barrel liquid argon calorimeter was exposed to the CERN electron test-beam at the H8 beam line upgraded for precision momentum measurement. The available energies of the electron beam ranged from 10 to 245 GeV. The electron beam impinged at one point corresponding to a pseudo-rapidity of eta=0.687 and an azimuthal angle of phi=0.28 in the ATLAS coordinate system. A detailed study of several effects biasing the electron energy measurement allowed an energy reconstruction procedure to be developed that ensures a good linearity and a good resolution. Use is made of detailed Monte Carlo simulations based on Geant which describe the longitudinal and transverse shower profiles as well as the energy distributions. For electron energies between 15 GeV and 180 GeV the deviation of the measured incident electron energy over the beam energy is within 0.1%. The systematic uncertainty of the measurement is about 0.1% at low energies and negligible at high energies. The energy resolution is found to be about 10% sqrt(E) for the sampling term and about 0.2% for the local constant term

Position resolution and particle identification with the ATLAS EM calorimeter

In the years between 2000 and 2002 several pre-series and series modules of the ATLAS EM barrel and end-cap calorimeter were exposed to electron, photon and pion beams. The performance of the calorimeter with respect to its finely segmented first sampling has been studied. The polar angle resolution has been found to be in the range 50-60 mrad/sqrt(E (GeV)). The neutral pion rejection has been measured to be about 3.5 for 90% photon selection efficiency at pT=50 GeV/c. Electron-pion separation studies have indicated that a pion fake rate of (0.07-0.5)% can be achieved while maintaining 90% electron identification efficiency for energies up to 40 GeV.Comment: 32 pages, 22 figures, to be published in NIM