End-to-End Evaluation in Simultaneous Translation

This paper presents the end-to-end evaluation of an automatic simultaneous translation system, built with state-of-the-art components. It shows whether, and for which situations, such a system might be advantageous when compared to a human interpreter. Using speeches in English translated into Spanish, we resent the evaluation procedure and we discuss the results both for the recognition and translation components as well as for the overall system. Even if the translation process remains the Achilles’ heel of the system, the results show that the system can keep at least half of the information, becoming potentially useful for final users

Caracterización y cartografía fitoclimáticas del bosque nativo subantártico en la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego (Patagonia, Argentina)

Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego is especially peculiar in phytoclimatic terms, situated as it is at an extreme southerly latitude, surrounded by large water masses and close to the great mass of Antarctic ice. Its main peculiarities in this sense are the coolness of its summers and a very narrow temperature range. As a result, the woodland landscapes in the parts with forest cover are dominated by microphyllous broadleaf physiognomies, both evergreen and deciduous, of the Nothofagus genus. This paper reports a more in-depth investigation of the hitherto little-known phytoclimatic conditions in that territory which included calibration and validation of a model of phytoclimatic suitability that addresses the principal plant physiognomic units and phytoclimatic mapping. It discusses the causes behind the presence of broadleaf formations in thermal conditions which in the northern hemisphere would allow only coniferous formations or no tree formations at all, and also the edaphic peculiarities that may explain the presence of a evergreen species like Nothofagus betuloides in subantarctic mixed forests.La Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego presenta una muy marcada originalidad fitoclimática por su posición en latitudes muy australes, estar rodeada por grandes masas de agua y por su cercanía a la gran masa de hielo polar antártica. Esta originalidad se traduce en un escaso calor estival y una oscilación térmica muy reducida como principales peculiaridades, dando lugar en sus porciones arboladas a paisajes boscosos dominados por fisionomías planifolias de carácter micrófilo, tanto perennifolias como caducifolias del género Nothofagus. Este trabajo profundiza en las hasta hoy escasamente conocidas condiciones fitoclimáticas de este territorio, mediante la calibración y validación de un modelo de idoneidad fitoclimática respecto de las principales unidades fisionómicas de vegetación y el establecimiento de una cartografía fitoclimática. Se discuten las causas que provocan la existencia de formaciones planifolias en condiciones térmicas que darían lugar a formaciones aciculifolias o desarboladas en el hemisferio Norte, así como las particularidades edáficas que condicionan la presencia de la estrategia perennifolia representada por Nothofagus betuloides en los bosques mixtos subantárticos

Prospection and identification of grapevine varieties cultivated in north Portugal and northwest Spain

A broad prospection of grapevine plants was carried out in northwest Spain and north of Portugal during the period from 2002 to 2009. It included zones located in Galicia as well as in the provinces of León, Zamora and Salamanca in Spain and the region delimited by the right side of the Douro river and the spanish border in Portugal. A total of 669 accessions were sampled, studied and identified, both by using the six microsatellite loci included in the OIV descriptors list, plus ampelographic characters. As a result of the study a total of 53 different grapevine varieties were identified. Most of them correspond to minor varieties that are present in the zone. In many cases the same variety was detected in both countries, although denominated with different names that are synonymous. The molecular markers that were analyzed are those included in the OIV 801 to 806 descriptors, and correspond to the following loci: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, ssrVrZAG62 and ssrVrZAG79. Allele sizes of the studied varieties are recorded. Relationships among these varieties seem to be possible. Recommended priority names for the studied varieties both in Spain and in Portugal are listed, in order to avoid misidentifications and reduce the incidence of homonymies.

Status of the Engineering Design of the IFMIF-DONES High Energy Beam Transport Line and Beam Dump System

IFMIF-DONES plant (In­ter­na­tional Fu­sion Ma­te­ri­als Ir­ra­di­a­tion Fa­cil­ity ’ DEMO Ori­ented Neu­tron Source) will be an in­stal­la­tion lo­cated in the south of Spain at Granada. Its ob­jec­tive is the fu­sion ma­te­r­ial test­ing by the gen­er­a­tion of a neu­tron flux with a broad en­ergy dis­tri­b­u­tion cov­er­ing the typ­i­cal neu­tron spec­trum of a (D-T) fu­sion re­ac­tor. This is achieved by the Li(d, xn) nu­clear re­ac­tions oc­cur­ring in a liq­uid lithium tar­get where a 40 MeV at 125 mA deuteron beam with a vari­able rec­tan­gu­lar beam foot­print be­tween 100mm x 50mm and 200mm x 50mm col­lides. The ac­cel­er­a­tor sys­tem is in charge of pro­vid­ing such high en­ergy deuterons in order to pro­duce the re­quired neu­tron flux. The High En­ergy Beam Trans­port line is the last sub­sys­tem of the IFMIF-DONES ac­cel­er­a­tor and its main func­tions are to guide the deuteron beam to­wards the liq­uid lithium tar­get and to shape it with the re­quired rec­tan­gu­lar ref­er­ence beam foot­print. The pre­sent work de­tails the sta­tus of the HEBT en­gi­neer­ing de­sign, in­clud­ing beam dy­nam­ics, vac­uum con­fig­u­ra­tion, ra­dio­pro­tec­tion, beam di­ag­nos­tics de­vices and re­mote han­dling analy­ses per­formed de­tail­ing the lay­out and in­te­gra­tion

Beyond the First Recurrence in Scar Phenomena

The scarring effect of short unstable periodic orbits up to times of the order of the first recurrence is well understood. Much less is known, however, about what happens past this short-time limit. By considering the evolution of a dynamically averaged wave packet, we show that the dynamics for longer times is controlled by only a few related short periodic orbits and their interplay.Comment: 4 pages, 4 Postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Neuraminidase Antibodies and H5N1: Geographic-Dependent Influenza Epidemiology Could Determine Cross-Protection against Emerging Strains

Correspondencepublished_or_final_versio

Utilización de microhilos magnéticos para promover la muerte de células de osteosarcoma mediante hipertermia magnética in vitro

Los tratamientos para el cáncer que se llevan a cabo actualmente tienen una serie de limitaciones que, unido a que se trata de técnicas invasivas, hace que se tienda a buscar nuevas alternativas. Una de ellas es la hipertermia dirigida, cuyo objetivo son las células cancerígenas. Se trata de una técnica relativamente nueva, por lo que aún no se ha estudiado en profundidad. En este trabajo, se han utilizado microhilos magnéticos amorfos recubiertos de vidrio para calentar células de osteosarcoma aplicando un campo magnético alterno. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos de los ensayos realizados “in vitro”, se puede confirmar que la utilización de estos microhilos magnéticos reduce la proliferación de células cancerígenas dando lugar finalmente a la muerte celular. Además, esta técnica es un proceso mucho menos invasivo que los utilizados actualmente y que requiere exposiciones breves a campos magnéticos débiles. Por todo esto, la hipertermia dirigida se presenta como una alternativa efectiva para el tratamiento de osteosarcoma.Por último, agradecer a Tamag Ibérica S.L. por proporcionarnos los microhilos magnéticos para poder llevar a cabo este estudio y a Fomento de San Sebastián por financiar el proyecto de investigació

Human colon-derived soluble factors modulate gut microbiota composition

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).-- et al.The commensal microbiota modulates immunological and metabolic aspects of the intestinal mucosa contributing to development of human gut diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. The host/microbiota interaction often referred to as a crosstalk, mainly focuses on the effect of the microbiota on the host neglecting effects that the host could elicit on the commensals. Colonic microenvironments from three human healthy controls (obtained from the proximal and distal colon, both in resting conditions and after immune - IL-15-and microbiota - LPS-in vitro challenges) were used to condition a stable fecal population. Subsequent 16S rRNA gene-based analyses were performed to study the effect induced by the host on the microbiota composition and function. Non-supervised principal component analysis (PCA) showed that all microbiotas, which had been conditioned with colonic microenvironments clustered together in terms of relative microbial composition, suggesting that soluble factors were modulating a stable fecal population independently from the treatment or the origin. Our findings confirmed that the host intestinal microenvironment has the capacity to modulate the gut microbiota composition via yet unidentified soluble factors. These findings indicate that an appropriate understanding of the factors of the host mucosal microenvironment affecting microbiota composition and function could improve therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota composition.BS and AH were recipients of a Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract and a FPI grant, respectively, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). This research was funded by the BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme for Gut Health and Food Safety BB/J004529/1. This research was also funded by Grants AGL2010-14952 and AGL2013-44039-R from the Spanish “Plan Estatal de I + D + i,” and by Grant EM2014/046 from the “Plan galego de investigación, innovación e crecemento 2011-2015.”Peer Reviewe

Curie temperature enhancement of electron doped Sr2_2FeMoO6_6 perovskites studied by photoemission spectroscopy

We report here on the electronic structure of electron-doped half-metallic ferromagnetic perovskites such Sr$_{2-x}$La$_x$FeMoO$_6$ ($x$=0-0.6) as obtained from high-resolved valence-band photoemission spectroscopy (PES). By comparing the PES spectra with band structure calculations, a distinctive peak at the Fermi level (E$_F$) with predominantly (Fe+Mo) t$_{2g}^\downarrow$ character has been evidenced for all samples, irrespectively of the $x$ values investigated. Moreover, we show that the electron doping due to the La substitution provides selectively delocalized carriers to the t$_{2g}^\downarrow$ metallic spin channel. Consequently, a gradual rising of the density of states at the E$_F$ has been observed as a function of the La doping. By changing the incoming photon energy we have shown that electron doping mainly rises the density of states of Mo parentage. These findings provide fundamental clues for understanding the origin of ferromagnetism in these oxides and shall be of relevance for tailoring oxides having still higher T$_C$