EP-1036: Stereotactic radiotherapy for moving targets with the active breathing control

n/

Self-rated dental health and dental insurance: modification by household income

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that socioeconomically disadvantaged Australians have poorer self-rated dental health (SRDH), are less likely to be insured for dental services and are less likely to have regular dental visits than their more advantaged counterparts. However, less is known about the associations between dental insurance and SRDH. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between SRDH and dental insurance status and to test if the relationship was modified by household income. METHODS: A random sample of 3,000 adults aged 30-61 years was drawn from the Australian Electoral Roll and mailed a self-complete questionnaire. Analysis included dentate participants. Bivariate associations were assessed between SRDH and insurance stratified by household income group. A multiple variable model adjusting for covariates estimated prevalence ratios (PR) of having good to excellent SRDH and included an interaction term for insurance and household income group. RESULTS: The response rate was 39.1% (n = 1,093). More than half (53.9%) of the participants were insured and 72.5% had good to excellent SRDH. SRDH was associated with age group, brushing frequency, insurance status and income group. Amongst participants in the $40,000- <$80,000 income group, the insured had a higher proportion reporting good to excellent SRDH (80.8%) than the uninsured (66.5%); however, there was little difference in SRDH by insurance status for those in the $120,000+ income group. After adjusting for covariates, there was a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between having insurance and income; there was an association between insurance and SRDH for adults in the$40,000- < $80,000 income group, but not for adults in higher income groups. CONCLUSIONS: For lower socio-economic groups being insured was associated with better SRDH, but there was no association for those in the highest income group. Insurance coverage may have the potential to improve dental health for low income groups.Dana N Teusner, Olga Anikeeva and David S Brenna

The possibility of early diagnosis of neuropathy using quantitative sensory testing and cardiointervalography in patients with metabolic syndrome

The aim of our work was to study on the use neurosensory analyzer TSA-II, as a method for early diagnosis of distal neuropathy thin fibers of the lower extremities in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). As well as study questions the early formation of the cardiac neuropathy in people with MS and IGT, based on heart rate variability (HRV). We examined three groups of patients with metabolic syndrome. The first group consisted of 20 patients without carbohydrate metabolism disorders and neuropathies. The second group of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) included 15 patients. The third group of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2) consisted of 51 patients without clinical signs of neuropathy, where the average duration of diabetes was 3,3 + 0,23 years, HbA1c level of 8,15 + 0,26%. Laboratory studies included glycemic triad (fasting blood glucose, postprandial glycemia, HbA1c), the determination of lipid profile, insulin. All patients underwent examination on the modified scale neuropathic dysfunctional account and on the apparatus TSA-II. Heart rate variability has been studied in the computer electrocardiograph 'Poly-Spectrum Rhythm' in patients with IGT. As a result of the survey were made conclusions about the degree of neuropathy on the basis of calculating the temperature coefficient of the foot and heart rate variability.Целью нашей работы явилось обоснование использования нейросенсорного анализатора TSA-II, как метода ранней диагностики дистальной нейропатии тонких волокон (НТВ) нижних конечностей у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом (МС). А также изучение вопросов раннего формирования кардиальной нейропатии у лиц с МС и НТГ на основании оценки вариабельности ритма сердца (ВРС). Было обследовано 3 группы пациентов, с метаболическим синдромом. Первая группа состояла из 20 пациентов, не имеющих нарушений углеводного обмена и нейропатии. Вторая группа нарушения толерантности к глюкозе (НТГ) включала 15 пациентов. Третья группа сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД 2) состояла из 51 пациента без клинических проявлений нейропатии, где средняя продолжительность диабета составила 3,3+ 0,23 лет, уровень НВА1с 8,15+ 0,26%. Лабораторные исследования включали: гликемическую триаду (глюкоза крови натощак, постпрандиальную гликемию, НвА1С), определение липидного спектра, инсулина. Всем пациентам проводилось обследование по шкале НДСм и на аппарате TSA-II. Вариабельность ритма сердца изучалась на компьютерном электрокардиографе «Поли-Спектр Ритм» у пациентов с НТГ. В результате проведенного обследования были сделаны выводы о степени нейропатии на основании вычисления температурного коэффициента стопы(Тк) и показателей вариабельности ритма сердца(ВРС)

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ МЫШЕЙ (CBAxC57BL6)F1 В УСЛОВИЯХ МНОГОКРАТНОГО ПЕРЕНОСА ИММУНОКОМПЕТЕНТНЫХ КЛЕТОК ОТ СИНГЕННЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ

The features of forming of the orientation and exploratory behavior level (OEB) was established on sexually immature animals – mice (CBAxC57/Bl)F1, which underwent triple transplantation of splenocytes from adult syngeneic animals with a certain level of OEB during ontogenesis. Obtained data testifies an increase the part of passive animals in recipients group receiving splenocytes from low-level in behavior donors and an increase the part of animals with average level of OEB in recipients group receiving cells from donors with high OEB level and immature control group. The associations of recipients behavioral activity level with structural and functional features of donor cells was revealed: a relative increase in the OEB level under splenocytes transfer from donors with activated monocyte-macrophage link of immune system and a supression of OEB – from donors with activated T-cells.Установлены особенности формирования уровня ориентировочно-исследовательского поведения (ОИП) неполовозрелых животных – мышей (CBAxC57Bl)F1, подвергшихся в процессе онтогенеза трехкратной трансплантации спленоцитов от взрослых сингенных животных с определенным уровнем поведенческой активности. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют об увеличении доли пассивных животных в группе реципиентов, получавших спленоциты от низкоактивных доноров, и об увеличении доли мышей со средним уровнем ОИП в группах реципиентов, получавших клетки от доноров с высоким уровнем ОИП и от контрольной группы неполовозрелого возраста. Выявлены ассоциации уровня поведенческой активности реципиентов со структурно-функциональными особенностями клеток доноров: относительное повышение уровня ОИП при переносе спленоцитов от доноров с активированным моноцитарно-макрофагальным и подавление ОИП – от доноров с активированным Т-клеточным звеном иммунной системы

Current and projected heatwave-attributable occupational injuries, illnesses, and associated economic burden in Australia

Introduction: The costs of global warming are substantial. These include expenses from occupational illnesses and injuries (OIIs), which have been associated with increases during heatwaves. This study estimated retrospective and projected future heatwave-attributable OIIs and their costs in Australia. Materials and methods: Climate and workers’ compensation claims data were extracted from seven Australian capital cities representing OIIs from July 2005 to June 2018. Heatwaves were defined using the Excess Heat Factor. OIIs and associated costs were estimated separately per city and pooled to derive national estimates. Results were projected to 2030 (2016–2045) and 2050 (2036–2065). Results: The risk of OIIs and associated costs increased during heatwaves, with the risk increasing during severe and particularly extreme heatwaves. Of all OIIs, 0.13% (95% empirical confidence interval [eCI]: 0.11–0.16%) were heatwave-attributable, equivalent to 120 (95%eCI:70–181) OIIs annually. 0.25% of costs were heatwaveattributable (95%eCI: 0.18–0.34%), equal to $AU4.3 (95%eCI: 1.4–7.4) million annually. Estimates of heatwaveattributable OIIs by 2050, under Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP]4.5 and RCP8.5, were 0.17% (95% eCI: 0.10–0.27%) and 0.23% (95%eCI: 0.13–0.37%), respectively. National costs estimates for 2030 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were 0.13% (95%eCI: 0.27-0.46%) and 0.04% (95%eCI: 0.66-0.60), respectively. These estimates for extreme heatwaves were 0.04% (95%eCI: 0.02–0.06%) and 0.04% (95%eCI: 0.01–0.07), respectively. Cost-AFs in 2050 were, under RCP4.5, 0.127% (95%eCI: 0.27-0.46) for all heatwaves and 0.04% (95%eCI: 0.01-0.09%) for extreme heatwaves. Attributable fractions were approximately similar to baseline when assuming theoretical climate adaptation. Discussion: Heatwaves represent notable and preventable portions of preventable OIIs and economic burden. OIIs are likely to increase in the future, and costs during extreme heatwaves in 2030. Workplace and public health policies aimed at heat adaptation can reduce heat-attributable morbidity and costs.Matthew A. Borg, Jianjun Xiang, Olga Anikeeva, Bertram Ostendorf, Blesson Varghese, Keith Dear, Dino Pisaniello, Alana Hansen, Kerstin Zander, Malcolm R. Sim, Peng B

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ПОЗИТИВНАЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ СРЕДА КАК КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СРЕДНЕГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ПЕРСОНАЛА

The review article highlights a variety of modern educational technologies, included in the problem-based learning paradigm. A clear distinction between technologies according to their objectives, methods and principles of teaching has been performed. The effective educational technology that may be integrated in the continuing education framework has been determined. The key components for developing positive learning environment in clinical settings has been identified and described.В настоящей работе освещены современные технологии образования, включенные в парадигму проблемно-ориентированного обучения. Проведено разграничение методов по целям, методам и принципам обучения. Определена наиболее эффективная технология образования, применимая к концепции непрерывного образования. Определены и описаны ключевые компоненты позитивной образовательной среды в условиях клинической практики

Advances in small lasers

M.T.H was supported by an Australian Research council Future Fellowship research grant for this work. M.C.G. is grateful to the Scottish Funding Council (via SUPA) for financial support.Small lasers have dimensions or modes sizes close to or smaller than the wavelength of emitted light. In recent years there has been significant progress towards reducing the size and improving the characteristics of these devices. This work has been led primarily by the innovative use of new materials and cavity designs. This Review summarizes some of the latest developments, particularly in metallic and plasmonic lasers, improvements in small dielectric lasers, and the emerging area of small bio-compatible or bio-derived lasers. We examine the different approaches employed to reduce size and how they result in significant differences in the final device, particularly between metal- and dielectric-cavity lasers. We also present potential applications for the various forms of small lasers, and indicate where further developments are required.PostprintPeer reviewe

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ МЕТОДА АКТИВНОГО КОНТРОЛЯ ЭКСКУРСИИ ЛЕГКОГО ПРИ ОБЛУЧЕНИИ СОЛИТАРНЫХ ОПУХОЛЕЙ

In this paper, we present the efficiency estimations of active breathing control with usage ABC system to ensure accuracy and reproducibility of patient positioning for hypofractionated or radiosurgery treatment of solitary lung tumors. The treatment procedures were holding on Elekta Axesse linac. Patients were positioning as for CT pretreatment scanning in supine position with hands behind their head and with using additional fixation (usually, knee and head support cushions). Patient’s position corrections were done with usage 3D imaging system XVI (Elekta AB) and robotic couch HexaPod to match isocenters the treatment plan and linac. It’s considered the interfraction patients’ offsets due to inaccurate setup and respiratory movements. It’s developed a protocol of choosing CTV-PTV margins for use in clinical practice, which is 5-9 mm, depending on anatomical directions. The margins have the greatest value in vertical (SI) and much lesser in transverse (LR) and longitudinal (AP) directions.В данной работе проведена оценка эффективности активного контроля дыхания пациента при помощи системы ABC в обеспечении точности и воспроизводимости укладки пациента при проведении гипофракционного или радиохирургического лечения больных с солитарными опухолями легкого. Сеанс облучения пациентов на медицинском ускорителе Elekta Axesse проводился в положении лежа с заведенными за голову руками и с использованием дополнительных фиксирующих устройств (чаще всего фиксация для ног и головы), как при выполнении референсных КТ-снимков. Положение пациента корректировалось средствами системы трехмерной рентгеновской визуализации XVI (Elekta AB) при помощи роботизированного стола HexaPod для совмещения изоцентра лечебного плана и изоцентра ускорителя. Рассмотрены интерфракционные смещения пациента, вызванные неточной укладкой и респираторными движениями. Разработан протокол выбора отступов CTV-PTV рекомендуемых для использования в клинической практике, которые составляют 5-9 мм, в зависимости от анатомического направления. Они имеют наибольшую величину в вертикальном (SI) и значительно меньшую в поперечном (LR) и продольном направлениях (AP)

White-light photoluminescence and photoactivation in cadmium sulfide embedded in mesoporous silicon dioxide templates studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy

This is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of colloid and interface science. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of colloid and interface science, [147, 1, (2013)] DOI10.1016/j.jcis.2013.06.022)SBA-15 and SBA-16 silica templates have been infiltrated with CdS by means of nanocasting using a hybrid precursor. The morphology and structure of both the SiO2@CdS nanocomposites and the silica-free CdS replicas have been characterized. The three-dimensional nanocrystalline CdS networks embedded in SBA-15 and SBA-16 silica templates exhibit broad photoluminescence (PL) spectra over the entire visible range, together with enhanced PL intensity compared to silica-free CdS replicas. These effects result from the role silica plays in passivating the surface of the CdS mesostructures. Furthermore, photoactivation is eventually observed during continuous illumination because of both structural and chemical surface odifications. Owing to this combination of properties, these materials could be appealing for solid-state lighting, where ultra-bright near-white PL emission is indispensable