146 research outputs found
Regulation of the Cardiac Na+/K+ ATPase by Phospholemman
Hansraj Dhayan, Rajender Kumar, Andreas Kukol, ‘Regulation of the Cardiac Na+/K+ ATPase by Phospholemman’, in Sajal Chakraborti, Naranjan Dhalla, eds., Regulation of Membrane Na+-K+ ATPase, (Switzerland: Springer, 2016), ISBN 978-3-319-24748-9, eISBN 978-3-319-24750-2.Peer reviewe
Proceedings of EADPH Pre -Congress Workshop held on Wednesday, 11 September 2019 at Het Pand, University of Ghent, Belgium. Best practices in dental curricula development – a follow-up to the 2018 EADPH Pre-Congress Workshop
This document reports the proceedings of a workshop held in Ghent on 11 September 2019, the day before the annual congress of the European Association of Dental Public Health. It is taken directly from the transcription of an audio recording.
The workshop consisted of eight short presentations which described curriculum changes and examples of inter-professional education and practice involving dental public health in European countries. The presentations were followed by discussions in four small working groups and reports from each group which highlighted achievements, barriers and challenge
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Mediates Nutrient Regulation of Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP) in Pancreatic Beta-Cells
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) regulates critical biological processes including inflammation, stress and apoptosis. TXNIP is upregulated by glucose and is a critical mediator of hyperglycemia-induced beta-cell apoptosis in diabetes. In contrast, the saturated long-chain fatty acid palmitate, although toxic to the beta-cell, inhibits TXNIP expression. The mechanisms involved in the opposing effects of glucose and fatty acids on TXNIP expression are unknown. We found that both palmitate and oleate inhibited TXNIP in a rat beta-cell line and islets. Palmitate inhibition of TXNIP was independent of fatty acid beta-oxidation or esterification. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has an important role in cellular energy sensing and control of metabolic homeostasis; therefore we investigated its involvement in nutrient regulation of TXNIP. As expected, glucose inhibited whereas palmitate stimulated AMPK. Pharmacologic activators of AMPK mimicked fatty acids by inhibiting TXNIP. AMPK knockdown increased TXNIP expression in presence of high glucose with and without palmitate, indicating that nutrient (glucose and fatty acids) effects on TXNIP are mediated in part via modulation of AMPK activity. TXNIP is transcriptionally regulated by carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP). Palmitate inhibited glucose-stimulated ChREBP nuclear entry and recruitment to the Txnip promoter, thereby inhibiting Txnip transcription. We conclude that AMPK is an important regulator of Txnip transcription via modulation of ChREBP activity. The divergent effects of glucose and fatty acids on TXNIP expression result in part from their opposing effects on AMPK activity. In light of the important role of TXNIP in beta-cell apoptosis, its inhibition by fatty acids can be regarded as an adaptive/protective response to glucolipotoxicity. The finding that AMPK mediates nutrient regulation of TXNIP may have important implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes
Growth performance, serum biochemical profile, jejunal morphology, and the expression of nutrients transporter genes in deoxynivalenol (DON)- challenged growing pigs
Crystal Structure of a Yeast Aquaporin at 1.15 Ã… Reveals a Novel Gating Mechanism
Atomic-resolution X-ray crystallography, functional analyses, and molecular dynamics simulations suggest a novel mechanism for the regulation of water flux through the yeast Aqy1 water channel
Exploring the three PIPs and three TIPs of grapevine for transport of water and atypical substrates through heterologous expression in aqy-null yeast
Aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and other small molecules across the cellular
membranes. We examined the role of six aquaporins of Vitis vinifera (cv. Touriga nacional) in the transport of water and
atypical substrates (other than water) in an aqy-null strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Their functional characterization for
water transport was performed by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. The evaluation of permeability coefficients (Pf)
and activation energies (Ea) revealed that three aquaporins (VvTnPIP2;1, VvTnTIP1;1 and VvTnTIP2;2) are functional for water
transport, while the other three (VvTnPIP1;4, VvTnPIP2;3 and VvTnTIP4;1) are non-functional. TIPs (VvTnTIP1;1 and
VvTnTIP2;2) exhibited higher water permeability than VvTnPIP2;1. All functional aquaporins were found to be sensitive to
HgCl2, since their water conductivity was reduced (24–38%) by the addition of 0.5 mM HgCl2. Expression of Vitis aquaporins
caused different sensitive phenotypes to yeast strains when grown under hyperosmotic stress generated by KCl or sorbitol.
Our results also indicate that Vitis aquaporins are putative transporters of other small molecules of physiological
importance. Their sequence analyses revealed the presence of signature sequences for transport of ammonia, boron, CO2,
H2O2 and urea. The phenotypic growth variations of yeast cells showed that heterologous expression of Vitis aquaporins
increased susceptibility to externally applied boron and H2O2, suggesting the contribution of Vitis aquaporins in the
transport of these speciesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The high-frequency response of exchange rates and interest rates to macroeconomic announcements
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