A critical analysis of the international standards for research and conservation of pleistocene sites: the future of the global heritage of human evolution

On the basis of a critical revision of the application of the criteria that justify the Outstanding Universal Value over time, this work discusses and identifies the need for a specific chapter in 2the Operational Guidelines of the Convention related to Pleistocene sites and properties related to non-sedentary populations. The International community at UNESCO, guided by the most advanced research and conservation knowledge, should set up specific rules and categories for inscription and standards for the integrated preservation of Pleistocene sites. These pages illustrate how to channel the process to pass from Pleistocene knowledge to a Pleistocene heritage, and how to avoid the useless distinction between the arrays of heritages: immovable, movable, intangible, documentary or molecular when defining the very nature of a site related to our early past as humans. Finally, my dissertation invites the research and conservation communities to merge practices and to set up a collaborative dialogue in the interest of our long-term cultural evolution. This dissertation conceives the origins of our remotest cultural diversity as a human capital, which can guide our species on its journey through the enormous challenges toward climate change and artificial intelligence

Funcionamiento y biocomplejidad de la cubierta criptogámica en zonas áridas y polares

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 12-12-2022The present thesis titled ‘Performance and bio-complexity of the criptogamic cover in arid and polar regions’ aims to understand how lichens and bryophytes modulate their physiological response pattern in order to maximize the fitness in the Tabernas Desert (south of Spain), and Livingston Island (maritime Antarctica). Lichens and bryophytes are widely spread in the most climatic extreme regions across the world due to their ability to cope with harsh environmental conditions. Their survival in these regions seems to be linked to physiological and phenotypical plasticity. Due to the symbiotic nature of lichens, adaptation strategies have to be assessed with a multidisciplinary approach, considering the bionts identity as important as morphology and micro-topography, since both might notably influence their physiologic performance. Unravelling how biotic and abiotic factors determine the adaptation strategies of species according to the local conditions is crucial for understanding the potential effects of climate change on biomes as vulnerable as polar and drylands...La presente tesis titulada ‘Funcionamiento y biocomplejidad de la cubierta criptogámica en zonas áridas y polares’ tiene como objetivo general estudiar como los líquenes y los briófitos modulan su patrón de respuesta fisiológica para maximizar la fitness en regiones semi-áridas como el Desierto de Tabernas y en la tundra Antárctica. Los líquenes y los briófitos están ampliamente distribuidos en zonas climáticas extremas debido a su capacidad para hacer a frente a condiciones adversas. Para muchas especies, la supervivencia en estas regiones está ligada a la plasticidad fenotípica y fisiológica. Debido a la naturaleza simbiótica de los líquenes, las estrategias de adaptación deben sera demás evaluadas des de un punto de vista interdisciplinar, considerando la identidad de los biontes como un factor de igual importancia que la morfología o la micro-topografía, ya que todos ellos pueden influir notablemente en el rendimiento fisiológico. Desentrañar como los factores bióticos y abióticos determinan las estrategias de adaptación de líquenes y briófitos, según las condiciones locales, es indispensable para entender los efectos potenciales del cambio climático en biomas tan vulnerables como la tundra y los desiertos...Fac. de FarmaciaTRUEunpu

Para una economía del patrimonio: la entropía y los bienes de interés cultural

Sin resume

Geometric approach to condensates in holographic QCD

An SU(Nf)xSU(Nf) Yang-Mills theory on an extra-dimensional interval is considered, with appropriate symmetry-breaking boundary conditions on the IR brane. UV-brane to UV-brane correlators at high energies are compared with the OPE of two-point functions of QCD quark currents. Condensates correspond to departure from AdS of the (different) metrics felt by vector and axial combinations, away from the UV brane. Their effect on hadronic observables is studied: the extracted condensates agree with the signs and orders of magnitude expected from QCD.Comment: References added: published version plus misprints correction

Para una lógica social del espacio en Prehistoria

Sin resume

Propagation of Statistical and Nuclear Data Uncertainties in Monte-Carlo Burn-up Calculations

Two methodologies to propagate the uncertainties on the nuclide inventory in combined Monte Carlo-spectrum and burn-up calculations are presented, based on sensitivity/uncertainty and random sampling techniques (uncertainty Monte Carlo method). Both enable the assessment of the impact of uncertainties in the nuclear data as well as uncertainties due to the statistical nature of the Monte Carlo neutron transport calculation. The methodologies are implemented in our MCNP–ACAB system, which combines the neutron transport code MCNP-4C and the inventory code ACAB. A high burn-up benchmark problem is used to test the MCNP–ACAB performance in inventory predictions, with no uncertainties. A good agreement is found with the results of other participants. This benchmark problem is also used to assess the impact of nuclear data uncertainties and statistical flux errors in high burn-up applications. A detailed calculation is performed to evaluate the effect of cross-section uncertainties in the inventory prediction, taking into account the temporal evolution of the neutron flux level and spectrum. Very large uncertainties are found at the unusually high burn-up of this exercise (800 MWd/kgHM). To compare the impact of the statistical errors in the calculated flux with respect to the cross uncertainties, a simplified problem is considered, taking a constant neutron flux level and spectrum. It is shown that, provided that the flux statistical deviations in the Monte Carlo transport calculation do not exceed a given value, the effect of the flux errors in the calculated isotopic inventory are negligible (even at very high burn-up) compared to the effect of the large cross-section uncertainties available at present in the data files

La minería del carbón en España, entre el abandono y la supervivencia: aproximación al caso de El Bierzo

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado tiene por objeto tanto analizar el papel desempeñado por la minería del carbón en España y su evolución en el tiempo, como estudiar la finalización de esta actividad y las consecuencias que tuvo para las zonas que históricamente basaban su economía en ella. Cabe destacar que el carbón español ha sido históricamente poco competitivo en comparación con el carbón de importación procedente de terceros países pero, a su vez, también ha sido la fuente de energía autóctona que ha garantizado la provisión energética nacional cuando las circunstancias lo han requerido. Con el fin de la Comunidad Europea del Carbón y del Acero, la normativa europea tomó las riendas para suplir los huecos legislativos nacionales en lo referente al carbón, en un principio a través de normativa referente a las ayudas al carbón y, posteriormente, y estando aún vigente, a través de la Decisión que marcaba el cierre de minas no competitivas. Para obtener una visión aproximada de las consecuencias económicas que han tenido que enfrentar las zonas de extracción más relevantes en nuestro país, se han analizado los casos de Asturias y Castilla y León por ser las Comunidades Autónomas que más dependieron de esta actividad, para más adelante concretar en el caso de El Bierzo, en la provincia de León, una zona cuya actividad económica dependía prácticamente en exclusiva del carbón. Dentro de la aproximación a El Bierzo se ha llevado a cabo un trabajo de campo que se ha materializado en una serie de encuestas estructuradas en diferentes grupos (antiguos mineros, familiares de antiguos mineros, residentes en cuenca minera y no residentes en cuenca minera)Departamento de Economía AplicadaGrado en Economí

Las ciencias experimentales y las artes plásticas en infantil

Este trabajo de fin de grado corresponde a la línea B o de intervención profesional y es resultado del análisis de actividades prácticas experimentadas durante el grado en el aula de Educación Infantil, la reflexión sobre cómo mejorar el diseño de nuevas propuestas y la incorporación de la innovación como factor clave de mi propio desarrollo profesional

Holothuria tubulosa as a bioindicator to analyse metal pollution on the coast of Alicante (Spain)

Metal pollution is a major concern worldwide. The concentration of several metals in marine sediments from Alicante, Spain (Western Mediterranean): Cabo de la Huerta, Albufereta, San Gabriel and Cabo de Santa Pola has been studied, being areas with contrasted metal stress due to anthropogenic pressures, and their bioaccumulation in different tissues of Holothuria tubulosa (body wall, guts and intestine). The metals with more different levels among samples were Fe, Al, V, Mn, Pb, Ga, As, Cr, Zn and B. The body wall was the tissue that showed a significantly different signature of metal levels compared to the other body parts and the sediment. The guts, followed by the intestines, were the tissues with greatest bioaccumulation. The standard guidelines for safety limits (US EPA) for As, Cr, Pb and Zn are in the range “non-polluted”. In all the areas, the quality guidelines for Effect Level, Probable Effect Level, Effect Range Low and Effect Range Medium for As, Cr, Pb and Zn are much lower than those established, indicating no biologically adverse effects resulting from exposure to these metals. Regarding the potential ecological risk, for all metals it is <40 with low risk in all zones. The metals studied present a negative Igeo (area not contaminated). Arsenic in Albufereta and strontium in all the areas studied are the only ones that present a level 2 (uncontaminated to moderately contaminated). The Enrichment Factor (EF), with Fe as the normalising element, had a level 1–3 (minor enrichment), with the exception of Pb, B, As and Sr. Despite the concentrations in sediments being lower compared with other parts of the world, the Biota-Sediment Assimilation Factor from the body wall was higher at As (9.2) and B (7.3). It is necessary to highlight the high levels of As in the body wall (17 to 23 mg/kg of dry material), this is surprising, and it seems to be a general trend throughout the world.The authors wish to thank the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) for the financial help of the Project CIAICO/2021. This study was partially financed by the University of Alicante’s Chemical Engineering Department, Marine Sciences & Applied Biology Department and University Institute of Water and Environmental Sciences (IUACA)