Variations of Phenomenon and Circumstance in Mental Processes

This research aims to identify the variation of Phenomenon and Circumstance in mental processes. Data was taken from two literary works, and were analyzed using theories of Systemic Functional Linguistics by Halliday (1985), Thomas Bloor and Meriel Bloor (1995), and Egginns (2000). The analysis was conducted using content analysis method by sorting mental processes that contain two clauses where the second clause was projected by the first clause. Data was presented by identifying elements in mental processes containing Phenomenon and Circumstance. The main components of mental process include Participant, Process, and Phenomenon, with Circumstance as an optional component, meaning it is not an obligatory component in the processes. Results show that there are two variations of phenomenon that can project other clauses complemented by many types of Circumstance. The first is the phenomenon of Fact embedded with Circumstance of Location, Extent, Manner, and Matter. The second is the Phenomenon of Thought with Circumstance of Extent, Location, Manner, Cause and Role. The most frequent Circumstance that can be found includes Circumstance of Manner, followed by Circumstance of Extent

PENERJEMAHAN KALIMAT KONDISIONAL BAHASA INDONESIA KE DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS:KAJIAN SINTAKSIS DAN SEMANTIK

Unlike English that divides its conditional sentences into open and hypothetical types, there is no division of conditional sentence types in Indonesian. Hence, translating conditional sentences from Indonesian to English is challenging. The purpose of this study was to determine the equivalence of meaning and structure of the conditional sentences in the source language (Indonesian) and the target language (English) in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s novel, Gadis Pantai, and its English translation. As this novel is a literary work, the complexity of the structure of the conditional sentence in this novel is very interesting to study. The method used in this study is comparative descriptive which was employed to provide clear pictures of the discussed issues. The findings of the study show that in translating the conditional sentence from Bahasa Indonesia into English in the novels, the translator has made some adjustments both in the sentence structure and meaning due to thesignificant differences of the social-cultural aspect between the source and the target languag

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN NILAI TOEFL DENGAN NILAI MATA KULIAH BAHASA INGGRIS MAHASISWA Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Telkom Economics and Business School, Telkom University

Saat ini Test of English as A Foreign Language (TOEFL) telah menjadi tren di dunia akademis. Beberapa perguruan tinggi di Indonesia, baik swasta maupun pemerintah, menerapkan skor TOEFL sebagai salah satu syarat untuk lulus ujian tesis. Selain itu, pentingnya bahasa Inggris di perguruan tinggi ditunjukkan dengan adanya mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris sebagai Mata Kuliah Umum atau Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Kepribadian (MPK) yang biasanya diberikan dalam dua semester. Di Sekolah Ekonomi dan Bisnis Telkom, Telkom University, bahasa Inggris umumnya diberikan di setiap semester, ganjil dan genap, di tahun pertama. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan nilai TOEFL mahasiswa, nilai mata kuliah General English, dan nilai mata kuliah English for Business. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan di antara ketiga nilai/skor tersebut dan mengetahui apakah perbedaan tersebut bersifat signifikan atau tidak. Uji sampel berpasangan dan analisis varians (ANOVA) digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebagai teknik analisis untuk mengetahui apakah perbedaan antara ketiga nilai itu signifikan atau tidak. Populasi penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Telkom Economy and Business School, Telkom University yang telah lulus TOEFL, Bahasa Inggris I (General English), dan Bahasa Inggris II (English for Business). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara deskriptif ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara ketiga nilai tes bahasa Inggris. Kata kunci : TOEFL, General English, English for Business, nilai, perbedaan Recently, Test of English as A Foreign Language (TOEFL) has become a trend in the academic world. Some universities in Indonesia, both private and state, apply TOEFL score as one of the requirements to pass thesis examination; in addition, the importance of English in higher education is shown by the existence of English subjects as general subjects or Mata Kuliah Pengembangan Kepribadian (MPK) which are commonly given in two semesters. In Telkom Economics and Business School, Telkom University, English is generally given in each semester, odd and even, of the first year. This research is conducted to compare students' scores in TOEFL, General English subject, and English for Business subject. The aim of the research is to find out whether there is a difference between the three scores, and to figure out the significance of the difference. Paired Sample Test and Varians Analysis (ANOVA) were used in this research as the analysis techniques to find out whether the differences of the three scores were significant or not. Population of the research were students of Telkom Economics and Business School, Telkom University who had passed the TOEFL, Bahasa Inggris I (General English subject ), and Bahasa Inggris II (English for Business subject). The result of the research shows that there is a significant difference between the three scores of the English tests. Keywords : TOEFL, General English, English for Business, score, differenc

Strategies in Power Relations in a Fictional Work: A Foucauldian Analysis

In a family, power relations can be seen in a father-child relationship, where the father has the authority to control the life of the child and the child must approve the father's decision. Not only the father, however, the son might also have different objective that he wants to achieve. Here both parties will usually try to keep pursuing their own objectives. In other words, both parties will look for strategies of how to win their objective in the power relation by acting certain ways. Hence, strategy can be used as the means to obtain victory (Foucault, 2002). The purpose of this paper is to analyze power relations that occurred in a family in a fictional work, namely Family Matters novel by Rohinton Mistry, particularly between Nariman Vakeel and his father, Marzi Vakeel. Nariman’s objective is to acquire his father’s approval for his desire to marry his girlfriend, Lucy Braganza, who is a Catholic. This is the opposite of Marzi’s belief, that his family should marry a Parsi. Power relations and strategies used between Nariman and his father were examined using the theory of power relations from Michel Foucault. The findings show that each character implements different strategies in imposing power and confronting each other. As for Nariman, his strategies include persuading his father, and when this does not work, he started to show a clear insubordination every time. On the other hand, Marzi’s strategies include writing a letter to newspaper to let other people know his opposition to interfaith marriage, objecting Lucy’s presents in his house by rejecting Nariman’s suggestion to invite Lucy over for dinner, and being patience in confronting Nariman’s insubordination for eleven years. During these years, Marzi never utilized violence. In the end, Marzi succeeded in achieving his objective to make Nariman marry a Parsi woman when Nariman was finally tired of confronting his father, and let his father choose a Parsi woman. Nariman ended up having an arranged marriage.Keywords: Family, Foucault, power relation, strategie

IMPLICIT PARTICIPANTS IN MENTAL PROCESS: A FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR ANALYSIS

Mental processes are process of sensing and are realized by verbs of cognition, affection, perception, and volition. Those types of verbs are transitive verbs, which mean they need object. This means that there is someone who senses (Senser) and there is something that is sensed (Phenomenon). There are three types of phenomenon, Phenomenon of Thing, Phenomenon of Act and Phenomenon of Fact. These two participants—Senser and Phenomenon—always exist in the processes, whether explicitly or implicitly. However, some clauses that are mental processes do not include one of the participants, eitherSenser or Phenomenon. There is even some data that do not include both participants. Thus, the aim of this paper is to probe implicit participants that might exist in mental processes, using content analysis as a method. The result, Implicit Participants, namely Implicit Senser and Implicit Phenomenon, can be retrieved from sentence that comes before the mental processes. The mental processes were then paraphrased and deconstructed to form a complete mental processes that include both participants, Senser and Phenomenon.Keywords: Mental process, Senser, Phenomenon, implici

ENHANCING THE SAFETY OF FOREIGN WORKERS THROUGH LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND THE COMPETENT USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICTS)

The focus for this research was how the knowledge of a foreign language and the competence in the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) contributed to the safety of Indonesians working abroad. The study was questionnaire-based research and semi-structured interviews with Indonesian workers working in the informal sectors, particularly as domestic workers in Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia and Hongkong. The method led to rich correlational and qualitative data providing an in"depth understanding of how knowledge of a language and competence on information and communication technologies contributed to the safety of Indonesians in these countries. Thus, the results provided here have proved the usefulness of understanding different languages and also the benefit of being competent on the use of cellular phones as one of the examples of information and communication technology. This research provides a basis for suggesting areas where recruiting companies can intervene to ensure safety while working over-seas

DIALECT VARIATION AS AN ACCOMMODATION STRATEGY IN CULTURAL INTERACTION

Jatinangor, West Java has many transmigrators especially from other parts of Java Island such as Central and East Java. Although living in the same island, Javanese people are different in terms of language and dialect from the native people of Jatinangor, Sundanese. The latter tends to be obstacles when Javanese transmigrators want to make a contact with Sundanese people. In order to make an effective communication, both parties need to perform an accommodation strategy so that they can reach their goals in communication. The present study aims to analyze the accommodation strategies performed by Javanese transmigrators and Sundanese natives in Jatinangor. The present study uses a descriptive qualitative approach by interviewing three respondents. The results of present study suggest a convergence strategy to accommodate the communication between Javanese and Sundanese people in Jatinangor. In this regard, both parties change their dialect so that they can be understood better

AKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI PADA RITUAL KEAGAMAAN (STUDI ETNOGRAFI KOMUNIKASI DALAM RITUAL TUMPEK WARIGA DI BALI)

Indonesia consists of various provinces, regions, tribes, and customs with cultural diversity. One of famous region in Indonesia which is the best known for its culture is Bali. The cultures could be in form of sacred ritual as the special honor either for the human beings themselves or the environments, started from the human life cycle to the environmental cycle. Tumpek Wariga as one of sacred ritual in Bali is conducted as human gratitude and thanks to the Almighty God for all the plants which have given prosperity and welfare for human life. The interesting thing from Tumpek Wariga ritual is that in this globalization era, when people grows more selfish and ignores the environment and culture around them, evidently there are still people who hold their cultural about environment conservation principle and their religious responsibilities. This research uses qualitative method with ethnography communication studies, and also with constructivism paradigm. The data was collected through partisipants observation, depth interview and literature review. This research is intended to explain the communication activity on Tumpek Wariga ritual in Bali through diskrit units those are communicative situation, communicative events and communicative acts. Based on the result of the research, the conclusion is that the communicative situation on Tumpek Wariga ritual was really peaceful, quite, sacred, full of Hindu culture and tradition and full of hope. Communicative events are reflected ritual procession in sequence from the start to the end. While on communicative acts showed how acts or interactions which happen through verbal, nonverbal and symbol of communication. All three elements of research results consisting of communicative situation, communicative events and communicative acts became the key in describing communication process that was found on Tumpek Wariga ritual in Bali