Assessing the contribution of shallow and deep knowledge sources for word sense disambiguation

Corpus-based techniques have proved to be very beneficial in the development of efficient and accurate approaches to word sense disambiguation (WSD) despite the fact that they generally represent relatively shallow knowledge. It has always been thought, however, that WSD could also benefit from deeper knowledge sources. We describe a novel approach to WSD using inductive logic programming to learn theories from first-order logic representations that allows corpus-based evidence to be combined with any kind of background knowledge. This approach has been shown to be effective over several disambiguation tasks using a combination of deep and shallow knowledge sources. Is it important to understand the contribution of the various knowledge sources used in such a system. This paper investigates the contribution of nine knowledge sources to the performance of the disambiguation models produced for the SemEval-2007 English lexical sample task. The outcome of this analysis will assist future work on WSD in concentrating on the most useful knowledge sources

O tratamento adequado dos conflitos de interesse público no direito brasileiro

Os litígios de interesse público necessitam de um tratamento adequado. O presente estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar alguns problemas decorrentes do uso de técnicas processuais típicas de litígios individuais a esse tipo de lide que envolve interesses públicos, difusos e/ou coletivos. A partir das noções de reforma estrutural originada no caso Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, este artigo apresentará dois casos emblemáticos brasileiros que poderiam ser encarados pelo Poder Judiciário como processos estruturais. Conclui-se o trabalho com algumas notas sobre participação e efetividade, garantias que norteiam o tratamento adequado dos litígios de interesse público.Public interest litigation must properly be regarded. This article aims to demonstrate some problems that arise from the application of traditional procedural techniques to public litigation –concerning public, diffuse and/or collective interests–. Departing from the notions of structural reform originated in the case Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, this paper will present two emblematic brazilian cases that could be considered as structural processes by the Judiciary. The paper concludes with some notes on participation and effectiveness, both guarantees that provides a suitable basis to address public interest litigation.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

O tratamento adequado dos conflitos de interesse público no direito brasileiro

Os litígios de interesse público necessitam de um tratamento adequado. O presente estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar alguns problemas decorrentes do uso de técnicas processuais típicas de litígios individuais a esse tipo de lide que envolve interesses públicos, difusos e/ou coletivos. A partir das noções de reforma estrutural originada no caso Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, este artigo apresentará dois casos emblemáticos brasileiros que poderiam ser encarados pelo Poder Judiciário como processos estruturais. Conclui-se o trabalho com algumas notas sobre participação e efetividade, garantias que norteiam o tratamento adequado dos litígios de interesse público.Public interest litigation must properly be regarded. This article aims to demonstrate some problems that arise from the application of traditional procedural techniques to public litigation –concerning public, diffuse and/or collective interests–. Departing from the notions of structural reform originated in the case Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, this paper will present two emblematic brazilian cases that could be considered as structural processes by the Judiciary. The paper concludes with some notes on participation and effectiveness, both guarantees that provides a suitable basis to address public interest litigation.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

O tratamento adequado dos conflitos de interesse público no direito brasileiro

Os litígios de interesse público necessitam de um tratamento adequado. O presente estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar alguns problemas decorrentes do uso de técnicas processuais típicas de litígios individuais a esse tipo de lide que envolve interesses públicos, difusos e/ou coletivos. A partir das noções de reforma estrutural originada no caso Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, este artigo apresentará dois casos emblemáticos brasileiros que poderiam ser encarados pelo Poder Judiciário como processos estruturais. Conclui-se o trabalho com algumas notas sobre participação e efetividade, garantias que norteiam o tratamento adequado dos litígios de interesse público.Public interest litigation must properly be regarded. This article aims to demonstrate some problems that arise from the application of traditional procedural techniques to public litigation –concerning public, diffuse and/or collective interests–. Departing from the notions of structural reform originated in the case Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, this paper will present two emblematic brazilian cases that could be considered as structural processes by the Judiciary. The paper concludes with some notes on participation and effectiveness, both guarantees that provides a suitable basis to address public interest litigation.Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociale

Epidemiological Profile of Precocious Neonatal Mortality in the Period 2008 to 2015 in Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil

The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of precocious neonatal infant mortality in the city of Porto Velho, Rondonia. A quantitative, descriptive study with an ecological approach was carried out. The data source used was secondary, originating from the linkage between SINASC and SIM databases, from the Health Surveillance Agency of the Rondonia Health Department. For treatment, absolute frequency analyzes were performed. The neonatal infant mortality rate was 9.7 deaths per thousand live births, with a predominance of the preterm neonatal patient: 7.2 deaths per thousand live births. Of the deaths, 482 (72.8%) occurred in the precocious neonatal period (0 to 6 days) and 164 (24.7%) in the late neonatal 7 to 27 days of life. The findings indicate the need to improve the quality of health care services available in the city, both prenatal and obstetric care in the neonatal period

Suprascapular nerve block in shoulder dislocation

Background: The suprascapular nerve is the main sensitive nerve of the shoulder. In 1973, the suprascapular nerve block was applied in the reduction of a series of cases of acute shoulder dislocations using mepivacaine. Barber described a method using anatomic landmarks to locate and block the suprascapular nerve. Methods: This study was approved by our Institutional Review Board and all patients signed an informed consent. We performed a prospective longitudinal study, characterized by a consecutive series of first episode of traumatic shoulder dislocation in patients over 18 years old. From July 2020 to April 2022, 50 cases were included in our study. All patients had their pain evaluated before the blockage, during the reduction and after the reduction. We used the Barber method for the blockage and the Spaso maneuver for reduction. Results: From the 50 cases, 29 were males (58%). The mean age was 58,7 years. 47 cases were anterior dislocations, 2 cases posterior dislocations and one case of luxatio erecta. The mean initial VAS was 7.5 points (minimal 4, maximum 10). The main score during the reduction maneuver was 2 points (0-5) and the main score after reduction was 0,4 (0-3). In only one case, reduction was not successful after 3 attempts, and reduction was performed under sedation. Conclusions: The suprascapular nerve block by Barber’s method proves to be a secure, effective and simple procedure to aid the shoulder dislocation reduction in the emergency room, without the need of any imaging resources

HTLV-1 proviral load in infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 does not increase after the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and does not decrease after IDH remission

Introduction Infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH) is a recurrent eczema which affects children vertically infected with HTLV-1. In Bahia, Brazil, we recently reported that 47% of IDH patients also develop juvenile HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a progressive disabling disorder which is typically reported in adult HTLV-1 carriers. IDH may also predispose to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a neoplasm associated with HTLV-1. The factors relating to the development of HTLV-1-associated juvenile diseases have not yet been defined. HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) is one of the main parameters related to the development of HTLV-1 associated diseases in adults. In the current study, we investigated the role of PVL in IDH and juvenile HAM/TSP. Methodology/Principal findings This is a cohort study that included fifty-nine HTLV-1 infected children and adolescents, comprising 16 asymptomatic carriers, 18 IDH patients, 20 patients with IDH and HAM/TSP (IDH/HAM/TSP) and five with HAM/TSP. These patients were followed-up for up to 14 years (median of 8 years). We found that PVL in IDH and IDH/HAM/TSP patients were similarly higher than PVL in juvenile asymptomatic carriers (p<0.0001). In those IDH patients who developed HAM/TSP during follow-up, PVL levels did not vary significantly. HAM/TSP development did not occur in those IDH patients who presented high levels of PVL. IDH remission was associated with an increase of PVL. Inter-individual differences in PVL were observed within all groups. However, intra-individual PVL did not fluctuate significantly during follow-up. Conclusions/Significance High PVL in IDH patients was not necessary indicative of progression to HAM/TSP. PVL did not decrease after IDH remission. The maintenance of high PVL after remission could favor early development of ATL. Therefore, IDH patients would have to be followed-up even after remission of IDH and for a long period of time.This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB, www.fapesb.ba.gov.br) [Grant number RED0028/2012 to L.F.], Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, www.cnpq.br)[Grant number 409985/ 2016-3 to A.L.B.]. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Marie Curie grant (https://ec.europa.eu) [agreement number 799850 to L.F.] The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Chronic consumption of distilled sugarcane spirit induces anxiolytic-like effects in mice

OBJECTIVE: Chronic ethanol consumption is a major public health problem throughout the world. We investigated the anxiolytic-like effects and the possible ever injury induced by the chronic consumption of ethanol or sugarcane spirit in mice. METHOD: Adult mice were exposed to a two-bottle free-choice paradigm for 6 weeks. The mice in Group A (n = 16) had access to sugarcane spirit + distilled water, the mice in Group B (n = 15) had access to ethanol + distilled water, and the mice in Group C (control, n = 14) had access to distilled water + distilled water. The ethanol content in the beverages offered to Groups A and B was 2% for the first week, 5% for the second week and 10% for the remaining four weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the mice were evaluated using the elevated-plus maze and the hole-board test to assess their anxiety-related behaviors. We also determined the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels. RESULTS: In the elevated-plus maze, the time spent in the open arms was increased in the mice exposed to chronic ethanol (32 + 8 vs. 7 + 2 s, n = 9) or sugarcane spirit (36 + 9 vs. 7 + 2 s, n = 9) compared to the controls. In the hole-board test, the mice exposed to ethanol or sugarcane spirit displayed increases in their head-dipping frequency (16 + 1 for the control group, 27 + 2 for the ethanol group, and 31 + 3 for the sugarcane-spirit group; n = 9 for each group). In addition, the mice exposed to sugarcane spirit displayed an increase in the aspartate aminotransferase / alanine aminotransferase ratio compared to the ethanol group (1.29 + 0.17 for the control group and 2.67 + 0.17 for the sugarcane spirit group; n = 8 for each group). CONCLUSION: The chronic consumption of sugarcane-spirit produces liver injury and anxiolytic-like effects and the possible liver injury in mice

X-linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita: report of two families and a new NR0B1 mutation

Background: X-linked Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita (X-linked AHC) tipically manifests as adrenal insufficiency in a bimodal clinical presentation (5–60 days and 2–13 years) and, at pubertal age, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) in males. It is caused by mutations in NR0B1 (present in Xp21.2), a gene with a critical role in the development of adrenals and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. It represents ~1% of all causes of primary adrenal insufficiency under age 18. We present two kindreds with NR0B1 mutations, one with a previously unreported mutation. Clinical case - family A: The proband presented with adrenal crisis at day 18 of life. Family history was relevant for an uncle death as a newborn. Hormonal assays revealed elevated ACTH (34,5 pmol/L, reference: T, leading to a premature stop codon, p.Lys362*, in exon 1. His mother and sister were both asymptomatic carriers for this mutation. This mutation, not described previously, leads probably to a non-functional truncated protein. Clinical case - family B: Kindred B had two males who presented with adrenal crisis at the newborn age (proband: 14 days; brother: 16 days). At 6 months of age, the proband had elevated ACTH (193.2 pmol/L, reference: G; p.Tyr81*, in exon 1, present in the two affected males. His mother and one sister were also asymptomatic carriers. Conclusion: Our kindreds highlights the clinical aspects of the rare X-linked AHC and its challenging differential diagnosis. The diagnosis was based on …. Completar … and an apparently X-linked mode of inheritance. Molecular analysis of the NR0B1 gene allowed the identification of the molecular defect in both families. Two different nonsense mutation in exon 1 were identified, giving rise most probably to truncated non-functional proteins, confirming the disease severity or the clinical phenotype of the affected boys. Mutation identification was relevant for genetic counseling of the parents, as well as for the patient’s sisters

Luminescent κ-Carrageenan-Based Electrolytes Containing Neodymium Triflate

In recent years, the synthesis of polymer electrolyte systems derived from biopolymers for the development of sustainable green electrochemical devices has attracted great attention. Here electrolytes based on the red seaweeds-derived polysaccharide κ-carrageenan (κ-Cg) doped with neodymium triflate (NdTrif3) and glycerol (Gly) were obtained by means of a simple, clean, fast, and low-cost procedure. The aim was to produce near-infrared (NIR)-emitting materials with improved thermal and mechanical properties, and enhanced ionic conductivity. Cg has a particular interest, due to the fact that it is a renewable, cost-effective natural polymer and has the ability of gelling in the presence of certain alkali- and alkaline-earth metal cations, being good candidates as host matrices for accommodating guest cations. The as-synthesised κ-Cg-based membranes are semi-crystalline, reveal essentially a homogeneous texture, and exhibit ionic conductivity values 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the κ-Cg matrix. A maximum ionic conductivity was achieved for 50 wt.% Gly/κ-Cg and 20 wt.% NdTrif3/κ-Cg (1.03 × 10−4, 3.03 × 10−4, and 1.69 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30, 60, and 97 °C, respectively). The NdTrif-based κ-Cg membranes are multi-wavelength emitters from the ultraviolet (UV)/visible to the NIR regions, due to the κ-Cg intrinsic emission and to Nd3+, 4F3/2→4I11/2-9/2.This research was funded by National Funds by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and by FEDER funds through the POCI-COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalisation in Axis I - Strengthening research, technological development and innovation (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037271, Pest-OE/QUI/UI0616/2014 and UID/CTM/50025/2013), projectLUMECD (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016884 and PTDC/CTM-NAN/0956/2014), project UniRCell (SAICTPAC/0032/2015, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016422)), and by the Portuguese National NMR Network (RNRMN). S. C. Nunes was funded by FCT projects (Post-PhD Fellowships of UniRCell and LUMECD projects). The R. F. P. Pereira was funded by FCT (SFRH/BPD/87759/2012 grant).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio