Transtornos do processamento sensorial no autismo: algumas considerações

Sensory integration is a neurological process of organizing body sensations and from environmental stimuli to produce adaptive responses. In recent years, the scientific literature has registered a significant increase in the number of studies associating symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with failures in the capacity of processing and integrating sensory stimuli. The aim of the present article is to describe, based on the Theory of Sensory Integration proposed by Ayres, the symptoms of ASD. Through a narrative review, empirical research will be analyzed to elucidate the fundamentals of sensory processing disorders, prevalent in ASD and its conception based on this theory.La integración sensorial es un proceso neurológico de organización de las sensaciones corporales y del ambiente externo con propósito de producir respuestas adaptativas. La literatura científica ha registrado en los últimos años un expresivo aumento en el número de estudios que asocian la sintomatología del Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo (TEA) a fallas en el procesamiento e integración de estímulos sensoriales. El objetivo del presente artículo es describir los síntomas del TEA a la luz de la Teoría de Integración Sensorial propuesta por Ayres. Serán identificados, a través de una revisión narrativa, los fundamentos de esta teoría y las especificidades de los trastornos del procesamiento sensorial, evidenciados en el TEA y su concepción en la perspectiva de la teoria.A integração sensorial é um processo neurológico de organização das sensações corporais e do ambiente externo com vistas a emissão de respostas adaptativas pelo sujeito. A literatura científica tem, nos últimos anos, registrado um expressivo aumento no número de estudos que associam a sintomatologia do Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) a falhas no processamento e integração de estímulos sensoriais.  O objetivo do presente artigo é descrever os sintomas do TEA à luz da Teoria de Integração Sensorial proposta por Ayres. Para tanto, serão identificados, com base em pesquisas empíricas, as especificidades dos transtornos do processamento sensorial, evidenciados no TEA e a sua concepção na perspectiva da referida teori

Inclusão educacional de pessoas com Autismo no Brasil: uma revisão da literatura

Brazilian legislation mandates that all children with disabilities have access to general education, including those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While the benefits of mainstreamed education have been described in numerous studies, the topic remains controversial, particularly regarding the competence of general schools in addressing the needs of students with ASD. The purpose of this article is to describe what studies published between 2008 and 2013 have revealed about the educational inclusion of people with ASD in Brazil. The results indicate that the access of these students to regular classrooms increased after the popularization of the inclusion paradigm. In spite of this fact, investigations suggest that school personnel have scarce knowledge concerning the syndrome and the educational strategies applied in schools may entail little effect on the learning process of these students

Inclusão educacional de pessoas com Autismo no Brasil: uma revisão da literatura

Brazilian legislation mandates that all children with disabilities have access to general education, including those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). While the benefits of mainstreamed education have been described in numerous studies, the topic remains controversial, particularly regarding the competence of general schools in addressing the needs of students with ASD. The purpose of this article is to describe what studies published between 2008 and 2013 have revealed about the educational inclusion of people with ASD in Brazil. The results indicate that the access of these students to regular classrooms increased after the popularization of the inclusion paradigm. In spite of this fact, investigations suggest that school personnel have scarce knowledge concerning the syndrome and the educational strategies applied in schools may entail little effect on the learning process of these students.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X10178A legislação brasileira determina que todas as crianças devem ter acesso à escola comum, incluindo sujeitos com transtornos do espectro do autismo. Embora um corpo substancial de pesquisas descreva os benefícios derivados da inclusão dessas pessoas, o tema ainda permanece controverso, principalmente quanto à possibilidade das escolas oferecerem respostas adequadas às necessidades de crianças com TEA. O presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar o que as produções científicas nacionais, publicadas entre 2008 e 2013, têm revelado sobre a inclusão de pessoas com TEA no Brasil. Os resultados mostram que a presença desses educandos em escolas regulares aumentou de forma expressiva após a popularização do paradigma da inclusão. Por outro lado, observa-se que o desconhecimento sobre a síndrome e a carência de estratégias pedagógicas específicas pode acarretar poucos efeitos na aprendizagem dessa população.   Palavras-chave: Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo; Inclusão; revisão descritiv

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost