Comparison Of Standardized Dichloromethane With Aqueous Pterodon Pubescens Benth. Fruit Extracts On Antinociceptive And Anti-inflammatory Activity

Pterodon pubescens Benth., popularly known as "sucupira", is traditionally used as pain healing agent for many inflammatory diseases. The present study evaluated the in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of sucupira's fruit dicloromethane extract (Pp) compared to the aqueous extract (Ppa) traditionally used in folk medicine. Extracts' chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectra (GC-MS) detection. The standardized extracts were evaluated using antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory experimental models with mice. The results reported herein allowed establishing a relationship between the popular use of Pterodon pubescens fruit for pain relief and the activity of two major compounds isolated from this species which demonstrated antinociceptive activity. The experimental models corroborate activity of aqueous extract antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, with lower potency compared to dichloromethane extract. Nevertheless the resulting data corroborates sucupira's folk use for pain relief.28345546

Comparison Of Standardized Dichloromethane With Aqueous Pterodon Pubescens Benth. Fruit Extracts On Antinociceptive And Anti-inflammatory Activity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Pterodon pubescens Benth., popularly known as "sucupira", is traditionally used as pain healing agent for many inflammatory diseases. The present study evaluated the in vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of sucupira's fruit dicloromethane extract (Pp) compared to the aqueous extract (Ppa) traditionally used in folk medicine. Extracts' chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectra (GC-MS) detection. The standardized extracts were evaluated using antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory experimental models with mice. The results reported herein allowed establishing a relationship between the popular use of Pterodon pubescens fruit for pain relief and the activity of two major compounds isolated from this species which demonstrated antinociceptive activity. The experimental models corroborate activity of aqueous extract antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, with lower potency compared to dichloromethane extract. Nevertheless the resulting data corroborates sucupira's folk use for pain relief.283455464FCF/UNICAMPFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional para o Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Assessment of different plasticizer – polyhydroxyalkanoate mixtures to obtain biodegradable polymeric films

The elaboration of films from biodegradable polymer polyhydroxybutyrate was studied with 4 main plasticizers at variable concentrations: polyethyleneglycol, lauric acid, glycerol and epoxidized soy bean oil. An evaluation of the state of the art in the properties of commercial PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) and necessary additives was elaborated in order to establish the experimental design to develop a polymeric film. Also, the qualitative evaluation of overall brittleness showed a variability due the nature and concentration of plasticizer. The influence of plasticizers on polymeric films was evaluated with gas chromatography (GC/MS) and Infrared Spectroscopy. The measurements were made on samples from different stages of the process in order to evaluate PHA (polyhydrixyalkanoate) purity. Measurements from the gas chromatography studies show the purity of the inicial fermentation broth (59.87%) , after the extraction with SDS and sodium hypochlorite (65%) and in mixtures with PEG (58.15%). From a general perspective, polyethyleneglycol (PEG) lower the material frailness and does not modify the Infra Red Spetrum as well as the Crystallinity Index (CI) in comparison with a standard commercial sample (70%+

Single-ion Kondo Scaling of the Coherent Fermi Liquid Regime in Ce1-xLaxNi2Ge2

Thermodynamic and transport properties of the La-diluted Kondo lattice CeNi2Ge2 were studied in a wide temperature range. The Ce-rich alloys Ce1-xLaxNi2Ge2 were found to exhibit distinct features of the coherent heavy Fermi liquid. At intermediate compositions (0.7 <= x <= 0.9) non-Fermi liquid properties have been observed, followed by the local Fermi liquid behavior in the dilute limit. The 4f-electron contribution to the specific heat was found to follow the predictions of the Kondo impurity model both in the local as well as coherent regimes, with the characteristic Kondo temperature decreasing rapidly from about 30 K for the parent compound CeNi2Ge2 to about 1K in the most dilute samples. The specific heat does not show any evidence for the emergence of a new characteristic energy scale related to the formation of the coherent Kondo lattice.Comment: to appear in Physical Review Letter

Componentes de la dinámica familiar asociados a conductas no asertivas, en la interacción de los niños y niñas de 3 a 4 años del centro de desarrollo infantil la “alegría de los niños” en San Sebastián de Mariquita 2012-2013.

Palabras claves, albún fotográfico, instrumentosEste trabajo corresponde a la investigación en el Centro de Desarrollo Infantil “La Alegría de los niños”, en San Sebastián de Mariquita, Tolima, entre 2012 y 2013, en la cual se indagó por los componentes de la dinámica familiar y las conductas no asertivas en la interacción de niños y niñas de 3 a 4 años, para una propuesta de orientación familiar con estrategias diagnósticas, participativas y enfoque crítico social. La estructura metodológica utilizó el enfoque cualitativo y la observación participante, se apoyo teóricamente en las caracterizaciones de la dinámica familiar de Oliveira, Eternod y López, las conductas según Skinner, las etapas del aprendizaje de Bandura y los procesos de Bertalanffy. El enfoque fue cualitativo, en el se abordo la problemática relacionada con las conductas no asertivas en los niños mediante una entrevista Semiestructurada, técnica de observación, juego de roles, sociodrama; donde se valoraron 9 niños y 11 niñas. La condición socioeconómica de esta población es baja-baja. , la muestra fue extraída del centro de desarrollo infantil (CDI) en el Municipio de San Sebastian de Mariquita. Las categorías analizadas fueron, dinámica familiar (primer orden), conductas no asertivas (segundo orden). Interacción entre niños y niñas con comportamientos de agresividad (tercer orden). Los resultados de esta investigación permiten identificar que los factores de comunicación padre /hijo(a), tienen una influencia importante en los componentes de la dinámica familiar asociados a conductas no asertivas en niños y niñas. La interacción infantil se da en condiciones de violencia y otras que lo afectan negativamente.This work corresponds to the investigation in the Center of Infantile Development " The Happiness of the children ", in San Sebastian of Mariquita, Tolima, between 2012 and 2013, in which it was investigated by the components of the familiar dynamics and the not assertive conducts in the interaction of children and girls from 3 to 4 years, for an offer of familiar orientation with diagnostic, participative strategies and critical social approach. The methodological structure participant used the qualitative approach and the observation; I rest theoretically on the characterizations of the familiar dynamics of Oliveira, Eternod and Lopez, the conducts according to Skinner, the stages of Bandura's learning and Bertalanffy's processes. The approach was qualitative, in I approach the problematics related to the not assertive conducts in the children by means of a Semistructured, technical interview of observation, game of roles, sociodrama; where 9 children and 11 girls were valued. The socioeconomic condition of this population is fall - fall., the sample was extracted from the center of infantile development (CDI) in San Sebastian's Municipality of Mariquita. The analyzed categories were, familiar dynamics (the first order), not assertive conducts (the second order). Interaction between children and girls with behaviors of aggressiveness (the third order). The results of this investigation allow to identify that the factors of communication father / son (a), they have an important influence in the components of the familiar dynamics associated with not assertive conducts in children and girls. The infantile interaction gives itself in conditions of violence and others that affect it negatively

Shifting from Seedling Mandarin Trees to Grafted Trees and Controlling Huanglongbing and Viroids: a Biotechnological Revolution in Nepal

Poverty in Nepal, largely a rural phenomenon, is widespread, with 30.8% of the population living below the poverty line. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood of the Nepalese people who are living below poverty. Citrus, the first cash crop, is grown in small to very small orchards producing less than 10 tons/ha. More than 90% of the trees are seedlings of a local mandarin and therefore they are essentially free of most graft-transmissible diseases. Huanglongbing (HLB) and the Asian psyllid vector, Diaphorina citri, were reported in Nepal in the mid-1960s and, in the absence of any control measures, have continued to spread ever since. Here we report the information available regarding the presence of HLB in several important citrus-growing areas (Armalakur, Bandipur, Dhankuta/Karmitar, Kathmandu, Lamjung, Paripatle, Pokhara, Sindulimadi and Syangja) and the identification of four citrus viroids (Citrus exocortis viroid, Hop stunt viroid, Citrus viroid-III, and Citrus viroid-V) in the experimental citrus station of Pokhara. Citrus rehabilitation, as part of a program to improve food security for the Nepalese population, was started in 2004, and is based on (I) producing disease-free citrus trees, grafted on adequate rootstocks, in covered, insect-proof nursery facilities, (II) demonstration orchards with grafted trees, (III) control of HLB by trunk applications of systemic insecticides and/or guava interplants, (IV) selection of viroid-free budwood sources, and (V) transfer of technology to the farmers

Modelo de 75 nodos para evaluar la operación en estado estable de una red de sub-transmisión de energía eléctrica

This paper presents a 75 bus bars system interconnected with generating units, transmission lines, distribution grids and other elements seeking to model a sub-transmission grid. The survey has been focused on estimate the operating conditions of the transmission network during the steady state and transient using simulations tools. Results can be used to prevent, identify, and solve contingencies that affect the normal operation of the network in the short, medium and long term. They are also validated with real and updated information, demonstrating their reliability to evaluate power flow, short-circuits, reliability. Information can be used as reference by utilities, national operators in their usual activities of energy planning in the power grid. This applied survey contribute in validate operating ranges on forecasts of low, medium and high demand, control of active and reactive power; measure single and three phase levels of short-circuits in all buses; estimate the reliability of the power grid using the N-1 criteria; evaluate specific cases during steady state operatio

Exposure to N-nitrosamines and other risk factors for gastric cancer in Costa Rican children

Artículo científico -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, 1991The hypothesis that endogenous chemical nitrosation in the normal stomach in early life could play a crucial role in inducing chronic atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia in later life was tested by applying the N-nitrosoproline (NPRO) test to 12-h urine samples from about 50 children (aged 8-14 years) living in high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer. The median values of NPRO and the sum of four nitrosamino acids analysed were 0.28-0.84 ag/12 h and 0.75-1.75 tig/12 h, respectively. The NPRO level after proline intake was significantly higher in children from a high-risk area than in those from a low-risk area (p < 0.04), and markedly reduced after ingestion of ascorbic acid and proline (p < 0.05). Urinary nitrate level was lower than that of adults. NPRO levels on the day of proline intake, however, correlated well with nitrate levels (p < 0.001), indicating that children in a high-risk area in Costa Rica have high endogenous nitrosation potential. Blood samples were also collected from about 300 children (aged 7-20 years) and analysed for antibodies against Campylabacter pylori, a suspected gastritis-causing bacteria. About 71% of children in both high- and low-risk areas for stomach cancer had antibodies. In addition, raw and cooked beans, which are consumed very frequently in Costa Rica, were collected from families in both areas and analysed for levels of nitrite/nitrate, total N-nitroso compounds and genotoxicity in the SOS chromotest. Mean levels of total N-nitroso compounds in an aqueous extract (pH 2) of cooked bean samples from high- and low-incidence areas were similar (0.4-0.6 nmol/g of cooked beans). Acid-catalysed nitrosation of the same aqueous extracts produced levels up to 2.4 pmol/g of cooked beans. There was no difference in mean levels of nitrosation-dependent total N-nitroso compounds between samples from the two areas. Only two out of 11 extracts from the low-incidence area and two out of 14 from the high-incidence area showed weak direct genotoxicity. After acid-catalysed nitrosation, all samples were genotoxic at similar levelsUniversidad de Costa Rica. Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA

Una comunidad de saber con-sentido pedagógico. Experiencia de la Red de Instituciones por la Evaluación: avances, proyecciones, desafíos y recomendaciones

Esta publicación tiene como propósito compartir los avances logrados por la RIE durante sus dos años de funcionamiento. Constituye un material para la reflexión sobre lo que hacen los maestros y maestras de la ciudad para enriquecer la evaluación de los aprendizajes y favorecer el desarrollo social, afectivo, emocional y cognitivo de los estudiantes. En este sentido, se trata de un documento de referencia que se complementa y amplía con elementos académicos, técnicos y didácticos, como la Caja de Herramientas “Ideas compartidas: lo que hacemos cuando evaluamos con-sentido pedagógico”, dispuesto en el Portal Educativo Red Académica de la Secretaría de Educación del Distrito