726 research outputs found
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Stability and Broad-Sense Heritability of Mineral Content in Potato: Potassium and Phosphorus
In the study of nutritional variability in potato it is desirable to know the present range of expression and genetic potential for increase. Potato breeding lines and varieties in two separate trials were evaluated for potassium and phosphorus content by wet ashing and Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer analysis. Stability and broad-sense heritability were determined. Among genotypes, potassium content ranged from 1.85 and 2.49% DW while phosphorus content ranged from 0.16 to 0.34% DW over both trials. Genotype by environment interactions were significant in the Tri-State and Western Regional Red/Specialty (WR-R/SP) trials for both potassium and phosphorus, while environments were not. Genotype was a significant source of variation for both minerals in the WR-R/SP trial only. In the Tri-State trials, 7 and 4 of ten clones were unstable before and after removal of environmental heterogeneity, respectively, for potassium content, and 5 and 4 genotypes were unstable before and after removal of environmental heterogeneity, respectively, for phosphorus. In the WR-R/SP Trials, 7 and 3 of 13 clones were unstable before and after removal of environmental heterogeneity, respectively, for potassium content, and 3 and 4 genotypes were unstable before and after removal of environmental heterogeneity, respectively, for phosphorus. Broad sense heritability was low for both potassium and phosphorus in the Tri-State Russet-Skin Trials but high for both potassium and phosphorus in the WR-R/SP Trials. Although potato is a minor contributor of phosphorus to the human diet, it is an important source of potassium. Adult males and females receive 12% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance of potassium from 100 g of potato. Estimates of broad-sense heritability from these two trials suggest that genotypes with higher levels of both potassium and phosphorus can be selected from within the Red/Specialty market class, but not from within the Tri-State russet class. An increase in potassium content in the potato, for which the daily need in the human body is so high, could be a boon to human health.Keywords: Germplasm, Breeding, ICAPES, Human nutrition, RD
Should I Take Aspirin? (SITA): RCT of a decision aid for cancer chemoprevention.
Background Australian guidelines recommend that all people aged 50-70 years old consider taking low-dose aspirin to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Aim To determine the effect of a consultation with a researcher in general practice using a decision aid about taking low-dose aspirin to prevent CRC on informed decision-making and low-dose aspirin uptake compared to a general CRC prevention brochure. Design and Setting Individually randomised controlled trial in six general practices in Victoria, Australia, from October 2020 to March 2021. Method Patients aged 50-70 years attending a general practitioner (GP) were recruited consecutively. The intervention was a consultation using a decision aid to discuss taking aspirin to reduce CRC risk; control consultations discussed reducing CRC risk generally. The self-reported co-primary outcomes were informed choices about taking aspirin at one month and low-dose aspirin uptake at six months. Results 261 participants (86% of eligible patients) were randomised into trial arms (129 intervention, 132 control). 17.7% (20/113) of intervention and 7.6% (9/118) control participants reported making an informed choice at one month, an estimated 9.1% (95% CI 0.29% to 18.5) between-arm difference in proportions [odds ratio (OR) 2.47 (97.5% CI:0.94 to 6.52) p=0.074]. The proportions of individuals who reported using aspirin at six months were: 10.2% (12/118) intervention vs 13.8% (16/116) control (estimated between-arm difference: -4.0% (95% CI: -13.5 to 5.5); [OR= 0.68 (97.5% CI:0.27 to 1.70), p= 0.692]. Conclusion The decision aid improved informed decision-making; but has little effect on long-term regular use of aspirin to reduce CRC risk
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Stability and Broad-Sense Heritability of Mineral Content in Potato: Calcium and Magnesium
Calcium and magnesium are two minerals that play prominent roles in animal and plant metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine if genetic variation exists among advanced potato breeding clones for tuber calcium and magnesium content and the extent of genotype x environment interactions on these two traits. Ten, 13, and 13 clones were evaluated in the Tri-State, Western Regional, and Western Regional Red/Specialty Trials, respectively. Tuber calcium content ranged from 266 to 944 μg-g⁻¹ DW; magnesium from 787 to 1,089 μg-g⁻¹ DW. Genotype x environment interactions were significant in all trials. However, only the Tri-State for calcium and the Western Regional Red/Specialty trials for both minerals displayed a significant source of variation for genotypes. Broad-sense heritabilities for tuber calcium content were 0.65, 0.37 and 0 in the Tri-State, Western Regional, and Western Regional Red/Specialty Trials, respectively. Broad-sense heritabilities for tuber magnesium content were 0.57, 0, and 0.72 in the Tri-State, Western Regional, and Western Regional Red/Specialty Trials, respectively. Potato is not a rich source of either calcium or magnesium for the human diet, but genetic variation exists among potato clones that might be useful for plant health.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the Potato Association of America and published by Springer. It can be found at: http://link.springer.com/journal/12230?nullKeywords: Solanum tuberosum, Biofortification, Genotype x environment interaction, ICAEPS, BreedingKeywords: Solanum tuberosum, Biofortification, Genotype x environment interaction, ICAEPS, Breedin
Owyhee Russet: AVariety with High Yields of U.S. No. 1 Tubers, Excellent Processing Quality, and Moderate Resistance to Fusarium Dry Rot (\u3ci\u3eFusarium solani var. coeruleum\u3c/i\u3e)
Owyhee Russet (AO96160-3) originated from a cross between A89384-10 and A89512-3 in 1996. Owyhee Russet was released in 2009 by Oregon State University, in cooperation with the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho and Washington and is a product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program. Owyhee Russet has semi-erect medium sized vines with medium to late maturity. The tubers are long, with a tan skin, medium russeting, and attractive tuber appearance for fresh market. Owyhee Russet was evaluated in several locations across the Northwest for more than 15 years. Total yield of Owyhee Russet is similar to that of Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet but significantly higher than Russet Norkotah. U.S. No.1 tuber yield of Owyhee Russet is significantly higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, resulting in substantially higher marketable yield. Owyhee Russet tubers have significantly higher specific gravity than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Fry color following tuber storage at 4°C and 9°C is significantly lighter for Owyhee Russet than the comparison varieties. Relative strengths include high yield with a very high proportion of U.S. No.1 tubers, good tuber appearance and excellent processing quality, resistance to cold sweetening, common scab and Fusarium dry rot. Weaknesses include susceptibility to foliar and tuber late blight and susceptibility to metribuzin herbicide injury. Allelic patterns of five SSR markers have shown that Owyhee Russet has a distinctive DNA genetic fingerprint from its russet type reference varieties which are Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank, and Russet Norkotah
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Stability and Broad-Sense Heritability of Mineral Content in Potato: Copper and Sulfur
Sulfur and copper are important for human health.
Sulfur deficiency is rare, but may occur in the elderly. However,
a large percentage of the U.S. population is deficient in
copper. The purpose of this study was to determine the range
of values for sulfur and copper available in advanced potato
germplasm and varieties and estimate how much genetic
variation exists for these two elements. Potato breeding lines
and varieties in three multisite trials were evaluated for copper
and sulfur content by wet ashing and Inductively Coupled
Argon Plasma Emission Spectrophotometer analysis. Stability
and broad-sense heritability were determined. Among genotypes,
copper content ranged from 2.0 to 4.5 ug-g⁻¹ DW. This
was a 2.25-fold difference. In these three trials, environment
was never significant, while genotype by environment interactions
were always significant. Genotype was significant in
two of the regional trials. Broad-sense heritabilities were
estimated to be 0.0, 0.93 and 0.51 for the Tri-State, Western
Regional Russet and Western Regional Red/Specialty trials,
respectively. Among genotypes, sulfur content ranged from
991 to 1488 ug-g⁻¹ DW. The highest value was 50% higher
than the lowest. In these three trials, environment was never
significant, while genotype x environment interactions were
always significant. Genotype was significant in two of the
regional trials. Broad-sense heritabilities were estimated to be
0.53, 0.68 and 0.88, for Tri-State, Western Regional Russet,
and Western Regional Red/Specialty trials, respectively. For
both sulfur and copper, selection in the Western Regional
Russet and Western Regional Red/Specialty trials is likely to
lead to an increase in content. Selection for sulfur in the Tri-State would result in a gain as well. These results suggest that
genetic improvements could be made to potato to enhance the
concentrations of these minerals.Keywords: RDA, ICAPES, Germplasm, Human nutrition, BreedingKeywords: RDA, ICAPES, Germplasm, Human nutrition, Breedin
Interplay among transversity induced asymmetries in hadron leptoproduction
In the fragmentation of a transversely polarized quark several left-right
asymmetries are possible for the hadrons in the jet. When only one unpolarized
hadron is selected, it exhibits an azimuthal modulation known as Collins
effect. When a pair of oppositely charged hadrons is observed, three
asymmetries can be considered, a di-hadron asymmetry and two single hadron
asymmetries. In lepton deep inelastic scattering on transversely polarized
nucleons all these asymmetries are coupled with the transversity distribution.
From the high statistics COMPASS data on oppositely charged hadron-pair
production we have investigated for the first time the dependence of these
three asymmetries on the difference of the azimuthal angles of the two hadrons.
The similarity of transversity induced single and di-hadron asymmetries is
discussed. A new analysis of the data allows to establish quantitative
relationships among them, providing for the first time strong experimental
indication that the underlying fragmentation mechanisms are all driven by a
common physical process.Comment: 6 figure
Measurement of the charged-pion polarisability
The COMPASS collaboration at CERN has investigated pion Compton scattering,
, at centre-of-mass energy below 3.5 pion
masses. The process is embedded in the reaction
, which is initiated by
190\,GeV pions impinging on a nickel target. The exchange of quasi-real photons
is selected by isolating the sharp Coulomb peak observed at smallest momentum
transfers, \,(GeV/). From a sample of 63\,000 events the
pion electric polarisability is determined to be $\alpha_\pi\ =\ (\,2.0\ \pm\
0.6_{\mbox{\scriptsize stat}}\ \pm\ 0.7_{\mbox{\scriptsize syst}}\,) \times
10^{-4}\,\mbox{fm}^3\alpha_\pi=-\beta_\pi$, which
relates the electric and magnetic dipole polarisabilities. It is the most
precise measurement of this fundamental low-energy parameter of strong
interaction, that has been addressed since long by various methods with
conflicting outcomes. While this result is in tension with previous dedicated
measurements, it is found in agreement with the expectation from chiral
perturbation theory. An additional measurement replacing pions by muons, for
which the cross-section behavior is unambigiously known, was performed for an
independent estimate of the systematic uncertainty.Comment: Published version: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Collins and Sivers asymmetries in muonproduction of pions and kaons off transversely polarised proton
Measurements of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries for charged pions and
charged and neutral kaons produced in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering
of high energy muons off transversely polarised protons are presented. The
results were obtained using all the available COMPASS proton data, which were
taken in the years 2007 and 2010. The Collins asymmetries exhibit in the
valence region a non-zero signal for pions and there are hints of non-zero
signal also for kaons. The Sivers asymmetries are found to be positive for
positive pions and kaons and compatible with zero otherwise.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures and 1 tabl
Spin alignment and violation of the OZI rule in exclusive and production in pp collisions
Exclusive production of the isoscalar vector mesons and is
measured with a 190 GeV proton beam impinging on a liquid hydrogen target.
Cross section ratios are determined in three intervals of the Feynman variable
of the fast proton. A significant violation of the OZI rule is found,
confirming earlier findings. Its kinematic dependence on and on the
invariant mass of the system formed by fast proton
and vector meson is discussed in terms of diffractive
production of resonances in competition with central
production. The measurement of the spin density matrix element of
the vector mesons in different selected reference frames provides another
handle to distinguish the contributions of these two major reaction types.
Again, dependences of the alignment on and on are
found. Most of the observations can be traced back to the existence of several
excited baryon states contributing to production which are absent in
the case of the meson. Removing the low-mass resonant
region, the OZI rule is found to be violated by a factor of eight,
independently of .Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures and 5 table
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