Finding and Incorporating Spirituality in the Work of the Clinic

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Count the Brown Faces: Where is the Family in the Family Law of Child Protective Services

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Anatomy of Monocotyledons: stems and rhizomes of land herbs used as medicinal in the Río de La Plata area (Argentina)

Aerial stems of Cenchrus spinifexCav., Commelina erectaL., Sisyrinchium chilenseHook. subsp. chilense, and Tripogandra diuretica(Mart.) Handlos, and rhizomes of Arundo donax L., Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers., and Kyllinga odorataVahl were studied. These organs are used in folk medicine in the Río de La Plata area. The objective was to get diagnostic characters to elaborate a key to distinguish the taxa from whole or fragmented caulinar samples. Conventional histological and microchemical methods were used. The main differential traits were found in epidermal cell shapes, position and stomata type, trichome types, distribution of fibers, characteristics of vascular bundles, and crystals. Every species gave positive reaction for starch, and for mucilages the reaction was positive in Commelinaceae species. Most of the species gave negative reaction for lipophilic and phenolic substances, however Kyllinga odoratarhizome showed interesting content of secretory substances and gave positive reaction for oils droplets

Adenosine induces mesangial cell contraction by an A1-type receptor

Adenosine induces mesangial cell contraction by an A1-type receptor. Adenosine is known to decrease renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. We have tested the hypothesis that adenosine exerts contractile effects on mesangial cells. Furthermore, we have studied, using selective agonists and antagonists for adenosine, which kind of adenosine receptor, A1 or A2, is mainly implicated in this response. We also investigated whether calcium is involved in adenosine-induced mesangial cell contraction. Rat cultured mesangial cells were exposed to adenosine (10−7 to 10−3M) and the contraction was measured as changes in planar cell surface area (PCSA). Adenosine induced a time-and dose-dependent reduction of PCSA. This reduction in PCSA was prevented by incubation with the A1 blocker PD116,948 but not with the A2 blocker PD115,199. Adenosine-5′-ethylcarboxamide (NECA), an A2 agonist, did not induce significant changes in PCSA whereas N6-S-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl adenosine (S-PIA), an A1 agonist, induced a dose-dependent decrease in PCSA Adenosine-induced mesangial contraction was prevented by verapamil or by incubation in a calcium-free medium. These results suggest that adenosine induces a specific contraction of cultured rat mesangial cells that seems to be mediated by its binding to the adenosine A1-type receptor. This contraction seems to be dependent on the influx of extracellular calcium

Conocimientos y percepciones de estudiantes de medicina de decimo semestre, en atención primaria de salud : una mirada general en dos universidades de Bogotá, 2013

Magíster en Administración en SaludMaestrí

Analysis of K-Ras Nuclear Expression in Fibroblasts and Mesangial Cells

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.-- et al[Background]: Ras GTPases are considered cytoplasmic proteins that must be localized to cell membranes for activation, and there are few evidences of the presence of any Ras isoform in nuclei of eukaryotic cells. [Methodology/Principal Findings]: Using conventional antibodies and inmunocytochemistry, differential centrifugation and western blot, we have observed the putative presence of K-Ras isoform in the nuclei of fibroblasts and mesangial cells. In order to avoid cross-reactions with other Ras isoforms, and using antibodies against K-Ras (R-3400, H3845-M01, sc-30) or pan-Ras (05-516, OP40) in cells that only expressed the K-Ras isoform (fibroblasts obtained from H-ras−/−,N-ras−/− mice) we also detected some nuclear positive expression. To further probe the identity of nuclear K-Ras, we have generated K-Ras knockout (K-ras−/−) embrionary fibroblasts by mating of K-ras+/− heterozygote mice. Using specific antibodies, only H- and N-Ras isoforms were observed in the cytoplasm of K-ras−/− fibroblasts. However, both K-Ras4A and K-Ras4B positive signals were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blot with two commercial antibodies (sc-522 and sc-521 against each isoforms, respectively) in both cytoplasm and nuclei from K-ras−/− fibroblasts. [Conclusions/Significance]: We show that the presence of K-Ras4B in fibroblast nuclei, already described by other authors, is probably due to a cross-reaction of the antibody with an undetermined nucleolar protein. Although this study also shows the possible nuclear expression of K-Ras isoform in fibroblasts or in mesangial cells, it also reveals the importance of being cautious in these studies about distribution of protein isoforms due to some important limitations imposed by the unspecificity of the antibodies or contaminations in cellular preparations.This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, CP03/00094, PI041817, PI021570 and C03/10), Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologí­a (BFU-2004-00285/BFI; SAF2003-04177), and Junta de Castilla y León (SA001/C05; SA029A05; GRS 167/A/07 and excellence group GR100).Peer reviewe

Etiopathology of chronic tubular, glomerular and renovascular nephropathies: Clinical implications

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) comprises a group of pathologies in which the renal excretory function is chronically compromised. Most, but not all, forms of CKD are progressive and irreversible, pathological syndromes that start silently (i.e. no functional alterations are evident), continue through renal dysfunction and ends up in renal failure. At this point, kidney transplant or dialysis (renal replacement therapy, RRT) becomes necessary to prevent death derived from the inability of the kidneys to cleanse the blood and achieve hydroelectrolytic balance. Worldwide, nearly 1.5 million people need RRT, and the incidence of CKD has increased significantly over the last decades. Diabetes and hypertension are among the leading causes of end stage renal disease, although autoimmunity, renal atherosclerosis, certain infections, drugs and toxins, obstruction of the urinary tract, genetic alterations, and other insults may initiate the disease by damaging the glomerular, tubular, vascular or interstitial compartments of the kidneys. In all cases, CKD eventually compromises all these structures and gives rise to a similar phenotype regardless of etiology. This review describes with an integrative approach the pathophysiological process of tubulointerstitial, glomerular and renovascular diseases, and makes emphasis on the key cellular and molecular events involved. It further analyses the key mechanisms leading to a merging phenotype and pathophysiological scenario as etiologically distinct diseases progress. Finally clinical implications and future experimental and therapeutic perspectives are discussed

Analysing bacterial communities from microbial mats and sediments located in the Atacama desert

The Atacama Desert has more than 100 basins with interior drainage and most of them contain salt flats. These ecosystemshave extreme environmental conditions that allow the development of unique microbial communities. The objetctive of this wasto study the bacterial diversity using independent culture tools of microbial mats and sediments from salt flats in the AtacamaDesert. Some physicochemical conditions of the water surrounding these samples were analysed to discover if anyphysicochemical characteristic could be influencing in its taxonomic composition. Five samples were collected, three of themwere microbial mats and two were sediments. The mat samples were taken from Laguna Llamara (samples named LL1 andLL2) and Laguna Cejar (Cej). Sediments were taken from Laguna Jachucoposa (Cop) and Laguna Pujsa (Puj) where microbialmats are not present. Total metagenomic DNA extraction was performed on each sample and the V4 hypervariable region of thebacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified by pyrosequencing using the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP)-suggested universalprimers. Diversity of the microbial community was assessed using the QIIME software package. Lakes that harbor microbialmats have a higher salinity and a lower dissolved oxygen concentration and proportion of organic matter and total phosphorousthan lakes where mats are absent. All the samples have important concentrations of arsenic, with an extremely high amount inPuj. Proteobacteria and/or Bacteroidetes are the major phyla represented in all samples. Also, other phyla as Spirochaetes,Chloroflexi or Verrucomicrobia are found. However, cyanobacterial sequences are only observed in LL2 and Puj. On the otherhand, we have found a higher diversity in sediment than in mat samples. The sediments samples contain phyla not observed inmat samples. 16S rRNA gene sequences classified within Actinobacteria and Gracilibacteria are only found in Puj and related toTenericutes, Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria are only observed in Cop. Finally, an important fraction of the sequencescould not be classified at phylum level. The high diversity found in sediment samples may be explained by the physicochemicalconditions in the environment. For example, they have a lower conductivity than mat samples. It is known hypersalineenvironments have a low diversity, where halophilic microorganisms are able to survive to these extreme conditions becausethey have specific strategies to balance the osmotic pressure. Besides, we found a low proportion or absence of Cyanobacteriain the ecosystems studied, suggesting the possibility that other groups may be playing an essential role as primary producers inthese extreme environments. Additionally, the large proportion of 16S rRNA gene sequences that could not be affiliated to anyknown bacterial phyla suggesting that in these ecosystems there are potential novel representatives of bacterial phyla not yetdescribed.Fil: Fernández, Ana Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Rasuk, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Kurth, Daniel German. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Contreras, M.. No especifíca;Fil: Novoa, F.. No especifíca;Fil: Poire, D.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Farias, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaXI Congreso Argentino de Microbiología GeneralCórdobaArgentinaSociedad Argentina de Microbiología Genera

Estimates of biomass and potential yield for the deep-water red crab, Chaceon affinis and the toothed rock crab, Cancer bellianus (Decapoda: Brachyura) off the Azores (Mid-North Atlantic)

Available information on the deep-water red crab, Chaceon affinis and the toothed rock crab, Cancer bellianus, resulting from exploratory research surveys and commercial fishing experiments carried out in the Azorean Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), were summarized to estimate the biomass and potential yield (Maximum Sustainable Yield – MSY) for both fishery resources. The fishery potential was estimated through empirical methods usually applied when available information is scarce in line with the precautionary approach principle. Results suggest modest MSY values (considered as precautionary Total Allowable Catch – TAC), around 2,205 t for the deep-water red crab (2,159 t year-1 at seamounts and 46 t year-1 at coastal areas), and 471 t for the toothed rock crab (281 t year-1 at offshore seamounts and 189 t year-1 at coastal areas). Considering the limited available data and high uncertainty associated with these estimations, it is suggested that only a reduced number of vessels should be allowed to fish in the aggregated areas, namely coastal and seamount areas. The exploitation of these resources should be started in a very limited way followed by an ad hoc observer programme, aiming to collect reliable data that will allow, if it is the case, to raise in the future the exploitation level in a gradual and sustainable way.Régis Santos was supported by the IMAR Institute of Marine Research, through a post-doc fellowship (ref. IMAR/DEMERSAIS/001-2018). Wendell Silva was funded by the IMAR Instituto do Mar, through a scholarship (ref. IMAR/UNI/MAR/04292/2013 MARE/001-2018). Ana Novoa-Pabon was funded by an FCT Ph.D. fellowship (ref. SFRH/BD/124720/2016).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estimates of biomass and potential yield for the deep-water red crab, Chaceon affinis and the toothed rock crab, Cancer bellianus (Decapoda: Brachyura) off the Azores (Mid-North Atlantic)

Available information on the deep-water red crab, Chaceon affinis and the toothed rock crab, Cancer bellianus, resulting from exploratory research surveys and commercial fishing experiments carried out in the Azorean Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), were summarized to estimate the biomass and potential yield (Maximum Sustainable Yield – MSY) for both fishery resources. The fishery potential was estimated through empirical methods usually applied when available information is scarce in line with the precautionary approach principle. Results suggest modest MSY values (considered as precautionary Total Allowable Catch – TAC), around 2,205 t for the deep-water red crab (2,159 t year-1 at seamounts and 46 t year-1 at coastal areas), and 471 t for the toothed rock crab (281 t year-1 at offshore seamounts and 189 t year-1 at coastal areas). Considering the limited available data and high uncertainty associated with these estimations, it is suggested that only a reduced number of vessels should be allowed to fish in the aggregated areas, namely coastal and seamount areas. The exploitation of these resources should be started in a very limited way followed by an ad hoc observer programme, aiming to collect reliable data that will allow, if it is the case, to raise in the future the exploitation level in a gradual and sustainable way.Régis Santos was supported by the IMAR Institute of Marine Research, through a post-doc fellowship (ref. IMAR/DEMERSAIS/001-2018). Wendell Silva was funded by the IMAR Instituto do Mar, through a scholarship (ref. IMAR/UNI/MAR/04292/2013 MARE/001-2018). Ana Novoa-Pabon was funded by an FCT Ph.D. fellowship (ref. SFRH/BD/124720/2016).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio