CRIOSPHINX STELA FROM TELL HEBOUA - NORTH SINAI

[En] A rectangular stela was found in the vicinity of Tell Heboua I by accident early 2020. The stela was uncovered 500 m to the west of the fortification walls of Heboua I, during a land reclamation project which is going on at the western vicinity of Tell Heboua I. Our well-trained guard Hassan al-Masody, recognized the limestone slab on top of the embankment of a small drainage canal. When turning this recognizable piece of stone, he found it to be decorated of a limestone stela. Inscribed materials that were discovered at Heboua area are still limited compared to the long history of the site and the extensive and continuous archaeological work done. This obviously due to the scarcity of the stone at this sandy remote area. In addition, every piece of stone in the North Sinai archeological sites was taken from its original place and reused along the history till now. [Ar] لوحه من تل حبوة-شمال سيناء لوحة مستطيلة الشكل عثر عليها مصادفة فى أوائل عام 2020. وذلك على بعد 500 متر إلى الغرب من الجدران المحصنة لمدينة ثارو - حبوة 1 ، واللوحة من الحجر الجيري الابيض تم العثور عليها مكسورة الى قطعتين من المنتصف ، وكانت فى حالة سيئة وتم ترميمها مبدئيا فى الموقع. ظهر اللوحة خشن به العديد من علامات الأزميل المحفورة. تم تزيين اللوحة بنقوش غائرة. تمثل زخرفة اللوحة أحد العناصر الرئيسية التى تشير إلى صورة أسد راقد برأس كبش criosphinx مع حامل قرابين فى المقدمة. يمكن التعرف على الكبش على أنهOvis platyura aegyptiaca بناءً على القرون المنحنية للأمام. كبش بلاتيورا ، المخلوق المقدس البارز لآمون ، أصبح أحد أكثر الحيوانات قداسة فى مصر القديمة من خلال ارتباطه بالإله آمون ، الذي كان ، مثل آمون رع ، الإله البدائى والإله الأعلى للآلهة المصرية ، تاجه يرمز إلى السماء ، ويتكون من تاج يعلوه ريشتان مرتفعتان. لا يوجد نص على اللوحة ؛ يمكن تصنيفها على أنها لوحة نذرية ، وهى لا تحتوى على صورة الشخص الذى وهبها ولكن مثل عليها الاله فقط. ومن المرجح طبقا لما عثر عليه فى منطقة تل حبوة 1 انها تؤرخ بعصر الدولة الحديثة

Is inclusion the key to addressing the issue of marginalization of children with mental disabilities in Egypt?

Children with mental disabilities have always been discriminated against and were often considered among the minority groups that experienced marginalization in many societies throughout history. Ableism is one form of discrimination, which is the discrimination against people with disabilities because of the type of disability they have. Like in most societies, in Egypt, the problem is compounded, as children not only experience ableism, but also adultism. This thesis will investigate those combined modes of discrimination against children with mental disabilities. The educational system is regarded as part and parcel of the society as a whole, and they are both interconnected and intertwined. On the other hand, they are not synonymous to one another. The marginalization of children with disabilities from the Egyptian educational system is not a recent issue, and policies were formed in order to tackle this problem. In my research I would like to understand whether the children with disabilities were marginalized from the educational system because of its rigidity, lack of resources, and inability to accommodate for including diverse learners? OR their marginalization from the educational system was a result of being segregated from the Egyptian society as a whole, due to other societal factors? And whether inclusion (including children with disabilities in the same classrooms with children without disabilities) would address the issue of their marginalization from the educational system and/or the society, or not? I would also like to investigate the issue of the marginalization of children with disabilities from the educational system in Egypt through understanding the attitudes of mothers, teachers and disability professionals. In this thesis, I would like to assess the experiment of inclusion from the point of view of the main actors involved in it, through investigating the opinions of mothers of children with disabilities, mothers of children without disabilities, teachers in special education, language and mainstream schools, professionals and activists, and examine the societal factors influencing the formation of their attitudes

Between Secularist and Jihadist Bodes, Egypt and Sudan in Crossroads

The societal conflicts between Secularist groups and Jihadist militants on the role religious orientations played in the state democratization, social justice, human rights, and population development posited national exigencies un-decisively met by governments of the African and Arab regions. Part one of our research theorized three typologies shaping the challenges of similar conflicts in the Arab-African states of Egypt and Sudan. The typologies symbolized a Sufi culture perpetuating Muslims’ humanitarian relations; Secularist thought excluding the politics of faith; and Jihadist reactionaries manipulating symbolic representation of religion in the striving for power domains. Lacking in serenity the Sufi culture maintained for ages by popular prevalence, the Jihadist reactionaries sponsored a theocratic militancy that generated instability by excessive violence. Entrenched in non-democratic authoritative systems, the state failed in both countries to end peacefully the deepened tensions of the ongoing contradictions. Preserving the popular culture and supporting democratic governance, the Sufi/Secularist groups would probably continue to resist the theocratic dogma that evidently penetrated the region. Part two of the research proposed a study on the typologies’ dynamics to project the extent of political integrity in the future of Sudan and Egypt. This paper comprised a brief summary of part one of the analysis

Citizenship in post-awakening Egypt: power shifts and conflicting perceptions.

This report links Egypt’s shifting political phases to debates more specifically about citizenship rights. It offers a general overview of Egypt’s recent political trajectory, before unpacking the various dimensions of debates over citizenship rights. In each of the three political phases since Mubarak’s ousting, citizenship rights have been curtailed. Crucially, the reasons for their constriction have been different in each phase. Some limitations have derived from largely political power plays, others from more philosophical-theological factors. It is important to distinguish between these different forms of debate if we are better to understand prospects for the future of citizenship rights in Egypt

United we stand..divided we fall: Political opposition fragmentation post-Mubarak

This thesis examines the causal factors behind the persistence of opposition fragmentation after the toppling of Mubarak and the collapse of the regime’s throbbing heart, the security apparatus. This is due to the importance of opposition unification not only in the toppling of autocrats but also in the success of any transition towards democracy. More urgency is brought to the puzzle due to the specific nature of the transitional period that was more in favor of different political forces compared to previous periods. This argues that three causal factors were behind the re-fragmentation of the opposition post-Mubarak: the continuation of regime manipulation by the SCAF, the failure of cooperation between youth movements and political parties, and the polarization between Islamists and Secularists

Spectroscopic, thermal analyses, XRD spectra and nematicidal activity study of some new N2O2 tetradentate Schiff base metal ions complexes

ABSTRACT. A series of metal complexes [Co(HL)2(H2O)2]Cl2.5H2O (A), [Cu(HL)2](CH3COO)2.2H2O (B), [Y(HL)2]Cl3.2H2O (C), [ZrO(HL)2H2O]Cl2.H2O (D), [La(HL)2(H2O)2]Cl3.5H2O (E) and [UO2(HL)2](CH3COO)2 (F) were prepared. The structures of the compounds in solid state were detected by micro analytical, Fourier transform IR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis, mass, X-ray diffraction spectra, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility measurements and TG/DTG analysis. The IR spectral data point out that the ligand behaves as tridentate in nature with Cu(II), Y(III), U(VI) and bidentate with Co(II), Zr(IV) and La(III) metal ions. The conductivity values showed that the complexes found as electrolytes and the XRD models of the complexes indicated crystalline nature. The thermodynamic parameters of compounds have been detected using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzeger methods at n = 1 and n ≠ 1 and values point out more ordered activated complex formation. The nematicidal efficacy of compounds was assessed.                     KEY WORDS: Schiff base, Spectroscopic analysis, Thermal analysis, XRD, Nematicidal   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2021, 35(2), 381-397. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i2.1

Assessment of industrial performance and the relationship between skill, technology and input-output indicators in Sudan

This paper examines the industrial performance indicators and the relationships between skill indicators; between skill, upskilling, technology and input-output indicators in Sudan. Our findings are consistent with the stylized facts in the new growth literature, concerning the correlation between skill indicators: education, experience and wages and also concerning the positive complementary relationships between technology, skill and upskilling. Different from the Sudanese literature, a novel element in our analysis is that we use a new primary data from the firm survey (2010) and we provide a new contribution and fill the gap in the Sudanese literature by examining the industrial performance indicators defined by three different sets of economic and productivity indicators, activity indicators and profitability indicators in Sudan. One advantage and interesting element in our analysis in this paper is that we confirm three hypotheses on the relationships between skill indicators; between skill, upskilling, technology and input-output indicators and industrial performance indicators using new primary data from the firm survey (2010) in Sudan. We verify our first hypothesis that irrespective of the observed differences across the industrial firms, the low skill levels - due to high share of unskilled workers - lead to skills mismatch and most probably contribute to decline of labour productivity and industrial performance indicators. We confirm our second hypothesis that an increase in skill levels and firm size lead to improved relationships between actual and required education and experience; between actual education, experience and wages; and between skill, upskilling and technology (ICT) and also improved industrial performance indicators. We also support our third hypothesis concerning the inconclusive relationships between new technology (the use of ICT) and input-output indicators at the micro/firm level. Finally, we provide a new contribution to the Sudanese literature, since we explain that the performance of the industrial firms is most probably immensely undermined by the shortage of skilled workers and also by the lack of entrepreneur perspective. We recommend further efforts to be made to improve adequate availability of skilled workers and commitment to entrepreneur perspective for improvement of labour productivity, industrial performance and therefore, economic growth and development in Sudan.Industrial performance, skill, technology, input-output, firm size, industry, Sudan

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Approaches to increase the resiliency of Egyptian agriculture to climate change

Climate change is expected to affect agricultural production in direct and indirect pathways. The increase in mean temperatures directly accelerates crop development, the change in seasonal precipitation amounts together with increasing evaporative demand can indirectly lead to more drought stress for crops. In Egypt, the agricultural sector is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its dependence on the Nile River for irrigation, increasing soil salinity by sea water intrusion and soil deterioration as a result of decomposition of its organic contents. In this article, previous research carried out in Egypt on climate change assessments on water resources (the Nile River and rainfall on the north coast of Egypt), crop evapotranspiration, crop water requirements, crop yield, agricultural soils and national cultivated area are reviewed. Furthermore, the implemented actions to increase crop resilience to climate change were discussed. Additionally, the procedures used to reduce greenhouse gases emission were also reviewed. Keywords: Water resources, soil resources, climate-resilient crops, greenhouse gases emissions, carbon sequestration, biogas productio

EGYPTIAN POLICY BASED ON INSIGHTS OF HISTORY OF MUSLIM MOVEMENT AND SALAFI MOVEMENT

The aftermath of the Arab Spring was leaving a great turnover for many countries as the regime changed, so does Egypt. As one of the most influential countries both in the Middle East and North Africa, Egypt's domestic politics is quite dynamics since immemorial time, from numerous kingdoms, West colonialism until republic under the authoritarian regime in this modern days. For once, the dynamics of politics itself comes from the grass-root level whichever reached the top such as al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun or Muslim Brotherhood and Salafi Movements which caught people’s attention, not only in Egypt but the entire world. Both basically have religious intentions as it is considered Islamic movements except for their differences in political experience, religious interpretation and manners overpower contestation. Although Egypt currently is controlled by a military coup regime that tends to perpetuate the power, the Brotherhood and Salafi Movements which likewise spread to many countries still lurking and it might be consolidating the power to turn back the democracy to Egyptian who suffer from authoritarian style regime ever since the establishment of the nation after independence from British colonialism. This paper is aimed to describe the policy of the Islamic movement in Egypt which is based on religious intention and the interaction with politics and democratic goal from the nature of establishment,  during the Arab Spring and the prospect for Muslim Brotherhood and Salafi Movements as the unrest recently occured