Kjønnslikestilling i finansbransjen : En kvalitativ studie av kvinner i toppledelse

Formål: Kjønnslikestilling er et dagsaktuelt og omdiskutert tema. Det er utrolig mange aspekter ved kjønnslikestilling, fra livstruende situasjoner til kulturelle aspekter ved arbeidsplassen. Temaet preger også ofte nyhetsbildet. Dette kan en se ved situasjoner internasjonalt som kampen om kvinners rettigheter i Iran og abortloven i USA, men og nasjonalt i Norge som for eksempel diskusjonen om ny sentralbanksjef i Norges Bank. Som et bidrag til temaet, har vi satt søkelys på kjønnslikestilling i toppledelse i finansbransjen da dette er en bransje preget av lav kvinneandel. Design og metode: Med en eksplorativ tilnærming presenteres tre forskningsspørsmål som studerer hvordan kvinnelige toppledere i den norske finansbransjen opplever kjønnslikestilling. Den innsamlede dataen består av kvalitative primærdata, hvorav datainnsamlingen er gjennomført ved semistrukturerte dybdeintervjuer av 12 toppledere. Resultater: Gjennom analyse av datamaterialet belyser vi flere interessante funn. Det vises til et skiftende fokus i finansbransjen, med en stor grad positiv opplevelse av kjønn i dag. Blant hovedfunnene finner vi at det er variasjon i opplevelsen av forventninger til mannlige og kvinnelige toppledere. Det fremkom at en av faktorene som er med å bedre likestillingsmulighetene i bransjen er nivået av fleksibilitet fra arbeidsgiver. Det vises også til at forfremmelse skjer på like vilkår, men at det eksisterer en barriere grunnet en mangel av kvalifiserte kvinner på toppledernivå, samt at kjønnene utøver ulik atferd. Påstanden fra studien til Halrynjo et al. (2015) om at kvinner er mindre villige til å kjempe for sin egen karriere enn menn gis ikke støtte fra respondentene, men faktorer som familieliv, interesse og risiko kan være forklaringer til denne påstanden. Temaene kjønnsstereotypi, homososial reproduksjon og kulturelle barrierer knyttes til den mannsdominerte finansbransjen. I tillegg viser funnene til at den eksterne kommunikasjonen av likestilling oppleves som sterkere enn de interne tiltakene. Til slutt viser hovedfunnene til tiltak som kan tas for å bedre kjønnslikestilling som behov om en kritisk masse, kommunikasjon av finansbransjen som arbeidsgiver, rollemodeller i finansbransjen og nettverksbygging på tvers av kjønn.nhhma

An Umbrella Review of Aphasia Intervention descriPtion In Research: the AsPIRE project

Background: Recent reviews conclude that aphasia intervention is effective. However, replication and implementation require detailed reporting of intervention is and a specification of participant profiles. To date, reviews concentrate more on efficacy than on intervention reporting quality. Aims: The aim of this project is to review the descriptions of aphasia interventions and participants appearing in recent systematic reviews of aphasia intervention effectiveness. The relationship between the quality of these descriptions and the robustness of research design is explored, and the replicability of aphasia interventions is evaluated. Methods and Procedures: The scope of our search was an analysis of the aphasia intervention studies included in the Brady et al. 2016 and EBRSR 2018 systematic reviews, and in the RCSLT 2014 literature synthesis. Intervention descriptions published separately from the intervention study (i.e. published online, in clinical tools, or a separate trial protocols) were not included. The criteria for inclusion were that participants had aphasia, the intervention involved language and/or communication, and included the following research designs: Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT), comparison or control, crossover design, case series. Exclusion criteria included non-SLT interventions, studies involving fewer than four participants, conference abstracts, studies not available in English. Studies were evaluated for completeness of intervention description using the TIDieR Checklist. Additionally, we rated the quality of patient and intervention description, with particular reference to replicability. Outcomes and Results: Ninety-three studies were included. Only 14 studies (15%) had >50 participants. Fifty-six studies (60%) did not select participants with a specific aphasia profile, and a further 10 studies only described participants as non-fluent. Across the studies, an average of eight (of 12) TIDieR checklist items were given but information on where, tailoring, modification and fidelity items was rarely available. Studies that evaluated general aphasia intervention approaches tended to use RCT designs, whereas more specific intervention studies were more likely to use case series designs. Conclusions: Group studies were generally under-powered and there was a paucity of research looking at specific aphasia interventions for specific aphasia profiles. There was a trade-off between the robustness of the design and the level of specificity of the intervention described. While the TIDieR framework is a useful guide to information which should be included in an intervention study, it is insufficiently sensitive for assessing replicability. We consider possible solutions to the challenges of making large-scale trials more useful for determining effective aphasia intervention

Grambank reveals the importance of genealogical constraints on linguistic diversity and highlights the impact of language loss

While global patterns of human genetic diversity are increasingly well characterized, the diversity of human languages remains less systematically described. Here we outline the Grambank database. With over 400,000 data points and 2,400 languages, Grambank is the largest comparative grammatical database available. The comprehensiveness of Grambank allows us to quantify the relative effects of genealogical inheritance and geographic proximity on the structural diversity of the world's languages, evaluate constraints on linguistic diversity, and identify the world's most unusual languages. An analysis of the consequences of language loss reveals that the reduction in diversity will be strikingly uneven across the major linguistic regions of the world. Without sustained efforts to document and revitalize endangered languages, our linguistic window into human history, cognition and culture will be seriously fragmented.Genealogy versus geography Constraints on grammar Unusual languages Language loss Conclusio

Hvordan påvirker chatbot ansatte i kundeservice i Nordea Ålesund?

Bankbransjen benytter seg av stadig nye teknologiske utviklinger som blant annet kunstig intelligens for å optimalisere kundeservice. Programvaren chatbot bidrar i videreutviklingen av en digitalisert kundeservice, hvor chatboten evner å svare på kundehenvendelser i skriftlig form. Det at den bygger på kunstig intelligens gjør at den er i stand til å bli smartere og lære over tid. Det er omdiskutert hvorvidt chatbot oppleves som et truende eller mulighetsskapende hjelpemiddel blant ansatte i kundeservice. Med dette tatt i betraktning har vi formulert følgende problemsstilling: Hvordan påvirker chatbot ansatte i kundeservice i Nordea Ålesund? Det teoretiske rammeverket begrenser seg til å undersøke problemstillingen ved tematikkene endring, kompetanse og arbeidsfordeling, og motivasjon. Dette danner grunnlag for studien, og vil tas videre utgangspunkt i når det kommer til funn i analysedelen. Med bakgrunn i problemstillingen ble det, ved bruk av kvalitativ metode med fenomenologisk forskningsdesign, foretatt dybdeintervju av en leder og tre ansatte i Nordea Ålesund. Våre funn viser at chatbot påvirker ansatte i kundeservice på ulike måter. Det er flere faktorer som påvirker de aktuelle respondentene, som mer kompleksitet i arbeidet, karrieremuligheter og symbolske organisatoriske verdier på den ene siden, og manglende tilrettelegging og oppfølging på den andre siden. Selv om det uttrykkes en umiddelbar frykt for å bli erstattet av kunstig intelligens, viser de ansatte likevel en relativt positiv holdning til chatbot som et hjelpemiddel og en mulighetsskapende ressurs

Managing Contracts In Pleiades Using Trust Management

The advent of multicore technologies is set to significantly increase the average compute power per machine. Effective and efficient exploitation of this power poses unprecedented challenges and opportunities. The Pleiades system, currently under development in UCF, CSU and UCC [1], proposes the construction of a distributed, heterogeneous, and secure marketplace for trading and administer these resources whose owners sign up to various quality of service (QoS) contracts, in return for financial and in-kind payment. This paper presents a very important part of the Pleiades system: addressing the role of Trust Management (TM) in the generation and enforcement of these contracts. The approach taken significantly reduces the overhead that is traditionally assumed with cryptographic solutions, by the dynamic and a priory creation of a secure environment in which these expensive checks associated with cryptographic solutions, are not required. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

A Reputation Algorithm For A Self-Organizing System Based Upon Resource Virtualization

In the service-oriented architecture introduced in [10] the reputation affects the prices producers could ask for their resources, the prices consumers of resources are willing to pay, and the commission charged for every contract. In this paper we introduce the GRB algorithm to quantify the reputations of the participants. The system is self-organizing and this affects the space requirements and the communication complexity of the algorithm. ©2008 IEEE

Uric acid is a risk factor for ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality in the general population: a gender specific analysis from The Tromsø Study

Background: The role of serum uric acid as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and death is uncertain in the general population. Adjustments for additional cardiovascular risk factors have not been consistent. We examined the association of serum uric acid with all-cause mortality, ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction in a prospective population based study, with several traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease included in the model. Methods: A population-based prospective cohort study was performed among 2696 men and 3004 women. Endpoints were all-cause mortality after 15 years, and fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke after 12 years. Results: 1433 deaths, 659 MIs and 430 ischemic strokes occurred during follow-up. Fully adjusted Cox regression analyses showed that per 1 SD (87 μmol/L) increase in serum uric acid level, the risk of all-cause mortality increased in both genders (hazard ratios, HR men; 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.20, women; 1.16, 1.05-1.29). HRs and 95% CI for stroke were 1.31, 1.14-1.50 in men, 1.13, 0.94-1.36 in women, and 1.22 (1.09, 1.35) in the overall population. No independent associations were observed with MI. Conclusion: Serum uric acid was associated with all-cause mortality in men and women, even after adjustment for blood pressure, estimated GFR, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, drug intake and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. After the same adjustments, serum uric acid was associated with 31% increased risk of stroke in men

Uralic typology in the light of a new comprehensive dataset

Abstract This paper presents the Uralic Areal Typology Online (UraTyp 1.0), a typological dataset of 35 Uralic languages and a total of 360 features, mainly covering the levels of morphology, syntax, and phonology. The features belong to two different datasets: 195 features’ definitions originate from the Grambank (GB) database, developed for comparison of world language typology, whereas 165 features (UT) have been designed specifically to describe the typological variation within the Uralic language family. We present a series of analyses of the dataset demonstrating its scope and possibilities. The complete data set correctly identifies the main Uralic subgroups in a Principal Components Analysis, whereas GB data alone is insufficiently granular to detect this family-internal structure. Similar analyses limited to various typological subdomains also give variable results. A model-based admixture analysis identifies four distinct areas of historical interaction: Saami, Finnic, the Volga area and Ob-Ugric