Stability studies of coal liquid products using high performance liquid chromatography

The storage stability of coal liquids is of great importance if coal liquefaction products are to replace petroleum products. It has been reported that gum formation occurs in coal-derived liquids during storage to a level at which it becomes a handling problem. The aging of coal hydropyrolysis liquids has been studied. Coal liquid products were placed in preweighed sample vials and stored under light, in the presence of air, at different storage temperatures (2, 21, and 32°C). The weight of gum formed was determined at specified sampling times. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to monitor the changes in hydrocarbon class composition with storage time. The changes in boiling point distribution were also determined using simulated distillation with an evaporative light-scattering detector.;Results show that the rate of gum formation is fastest at the highest storage temperature and slowest at the lowest storage temperature. The gum formed increased significantly at the early stage of storage and then remained constant with time. It was found that the saturate compound class remained constant with time at all storage conditions. However, both the polar and aromatic compound classes decreased significantly at the early stage of storage and then remained constant with time. The polar compounds were separated from the aromatic and saturate compound classes using solid phase extraction. No gum formation was observed for both the polar compounds and the aromatic-saturate mixture. Results from HPLC and simulated distillation method show no signs of changes in their chemical composition and boiling point distribution. It was concluded that the main reactants in gum formation in coal liquids are the aromatic and polar compound classes. Results from GC/MS and FTIR show that the polar compounds consist mainly of phenols. The affects of inert gas on the stability of coal liquids were determined by storing coal liquid samples in the presence of argon gas. It was then concluded that the presence of inert gas does not prevent the formation gum; instead, it slows down the rate of gum formation. A kinetic model was developed that describes the experimental data

Organic Leadership—Implicit Followership Interaction: Relations among Trust in Supervisor, Active Followership and OCB

Due to the impact of COVID-19, a large number of employees of organizations around the world have been forced to work remotely from home starting in 2020. As a result, leaders and followers face new communication and interaction challenges. If an enterprise is to be successful in the new wave of economic development, it must embrace the role of employee followers. However, there is currently no relevant research. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the interaction between organic leadership and implicit followers from the perspective of followers who are working remotely and further analyze their relationship with trust in their supervisor, organizational citizenship behavior, and active followership. Using the method of questionnaire measurement, multigroup analysis and ANCOVA and PLS-SEM analysis found the following. First, difference in leadership styles (IV) and implicit followers (IV) had significant effects on employees’ trust in supervisor (DV), organizational citizenship behavior (DV), and active followers (DV). Secondly, the influence of the leaders’ styles (IV) on employees’ trust in supervisor (DV), organizational citizenship behavior (DV), and active followership (DV) was significantly affected only when IFTs were anti-prototypical traits. Finally, organizational citizenship behavior (Med) had an indirect effect between trust in supervisor (DV) and active followership (DV). This article not only fills the gaps in the literature related to leaders and followers, but also provides analytical evidence and new thinking which will enable companies to propose management strategies more effectively for employees working remotely in the face of the impact of the epidemic

Fiscalização ambiental no Estado do Paraná (Brasil) e no Estado de Baden-Wurttemberg (Alemanha)

Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Patricia CharvetCo-Orientador: Prof. Jorg MetzgerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Meio Ambiente Urbano e Industrial. Defesa: Curitiba, 31/07/2013Bibliografia: fls. 163-171Resumo: Os Autos de Infração Ambiental (AIA) são documentos que caracterizam a abertura de um processo administrativo destinado a verificar, ou não, a existência de ações ou omissões que violem as regras jurídicas de uso, gozo, promoção, proteção e recuperação do meio ambiente. No estado do Paraná, uma das autarquias da Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente (SEMA) responsável por fiscalizar e lavrar AIAs é o Instituto Ambiental do Paraná (IAP). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os registros de infrações constantes nas bases de dados do IAP no período de 2003 a 2009 e explicar de maneira geral o modelo de sistema de gestão ambiental do estado de Baden-Württemberg, na Alemanha. Os 21 escritórios regionais do órgão estadual foram distribuídos entre as 10 mesorregiões do Paraná a analisados conforme o registro das informações existentes em duas bases de dados do IAP. Neste período constatou-se o registro de mais de 35 mil AIAs, os quais são divididos em 118 tipos de infrações entre 17 grupos distintos. De 2003 a 2008, mais de 25% dos infratores foram autuados mais de uma vez em cinco anos. Os escritórios da região Metropolitana de Curitiba e de Paranaguá foram os que apresentaram, respectivamente, maiores valores em número de ocorrências de infrações e em arrecadação de multas, no período de 2003 a 2006. Os valores extremos dos AIAs registrados foram de R$95,00 para a falta de licenciamento, no grupo "Flora", e de R$50 milhões para o derramamento de óleo, no grupo de "Empreendimentos Industriais e de Serviço". A falta ou o funcionamento em desacordo com a licença representou mais de 51% dos registros entre 2003 e 2008. As principais infrações ambientais registradas nas mesorregiões foram: construção, reforma ou funcionamento sem licenciamento ou em desacordo; transporte, comercialização, estoque irregular ou reposição ilegal de matéria prima de origem florestal (Selo); lançamento de efluentes fora dos parâmetros permitidos em lei; derramamento de óleo ou outros produtos; e disposição irregular de lixo hospitalar. A análise contínua dos AIAs lavrados no Paraná pode servir como instrumento de suporte aos órgãos públicos na gestão ambiental do estado.Abstract: The Environmental Notices of Infraction (ENI) are documents that characterize the opening of an administrative process designed to verify whether or not the existence of acts or omissions that violate the legal rules of use, enjoyment, promotion, protection and recovery of the environment. In the state of Paraná (Brazil), one of the municipalities of the State Department of Environment (SEMA) responsible for overseeing and draw the ENI is the Environmental Institute of Paraná (IAP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the records of offenses contained in the databases of the IAP in the period from 2003 to 2009 and to explain the model of the environmental management system of the state of Baden- Württemberg, Germany. The 21 regional offices of the state agency were distributed among 10 mesoregions of Paraná and analyzed according to the record of existing information in two databases from IAP. In this period, the record of more than 35 000 ENI was found, which are divided into 118 types of infractions among 17 groups. From 2003 to 2008, over 25% of offenders were charged more than once in five years. The offices of the metropolitan region of Curitiba and Paranaguá presented the respectively higher mean number of occurrences of infractions and collection of fines in the period from 2003 to 2006. The extreme values of the ENI were recorded R$95.00 for the lack of licensing, in the "Flora" group, and R$50 million for the oil spill in the group of "Industrial Enterprises and Service." The lack of operation not in accordance with the license represented more than 51% of records between 2003 and 2008. The main environmental infraction recorded in the regions were: construction, renovation or operation without license or contrary; transportation, marketing, irregular inventory replenishment or illegality of forest-based raw materials (Seal); effluent discharge outside the parameters permitted by law; spill oil or other products, and irregular disposal of medical waste. Continuous analysis of ENI issued in Paraná can serve as a tool to support public bodies in the environmental management of the state

Upregulation of SOCS-1 by Nutlin-3 in acute myeloid leukemia cells but not in primary normal cells

OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that SOCS-1 plays an important role in the proper control of cytokine/growth factor responses and acts as a tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemias. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of treatment with Nutlin-3, a small molecule inhibitor of the MDM2/p53 interaction, on the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in primary acute myeloid leukemia cells and in myeloid cell lines with differential p53 status. METHOD: The expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 was quantitatively analyzed by real-time PCR in myeloid p53wild-type (OCI and MOLM) and p53null HL-60, leukemic cell lines, in patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia blasts, and in primary normal cell types, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The p53-dependence of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 upregulation that is induced by Nutlin-3 was analyzed in experiments performed using siRNA for p53, while the functional upregulation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 was analyzed by assessing the levels of phosphorylated STAT-3. RESULTS: Nutlin-3 significantly upregulated the transcription of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in p53wild-type OCI and MOLM but not in p53deleted p53null HL60, myeloid leukemic cell lines, as well as in primary acute myeloid leukemia blasts. Conversely, and somewhat unexpectedly, Nutlin-3 did not modulate the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 expression in primary normal macrophages, endothelial cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The p53-dependent upregulation of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 by Nutlin-3 was associated with the downregulation of phosphorylated STAT-3, a major molecular target of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1. CONCLUSION: Overall, our data suggest a potential role for the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 as a therapeutic target of Nutlin-3 in p53 wild-type acute myeloid leukemias

Removal of Acid Yellow 25 from Aqueous Solution by Chitin Prepared from Waste Snow Crab Legs

Acid Yellow 25 (AY25) is used in the textile industry for dyeing of natural and synthetic fibers, and is also used as a coloring agent in paints, inks, plastics, and leathers. Effluents from such industries are major sources of water pollution. Hence, it is important to find simple, efficient, and inexpensive ways to remove these dyes from wastewater. Here, we determined the suitability of chitin extracted from waste crab legs as an adsorbent for removing AY25 dye. The adsorption kinetics was modeled using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion equations to determine the rate controlling step. Results showed that the pseudo-second order adsorption mechanism is predominant, and the overall rate of the dye adsorption process is therefore controlled by an adsorption reaction. Adsorption isotherms were analyzed by utilizing the Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and Temkin isotherm models at 23˚C, with data collected by using various initial dye concentrations with different chitin dosages. Our results show the highest correlation with the Langmuir model, consistent with the fact that chitin contains both a monolayer and homogeneous adsorption sites. Based on the D-R model, the adsorption of AY25 dye onto chitin is via chemisorption. Furthermore, we have concluded that the rate constants of both pseudo-second order adsorption and film diffusion are correlated to the initial dye concentrations and chitin dosages. In conclusion, chitin from waste crab legs is a very suitable adsorbent material that is capable of rapidly removing up to 95% of the initial concentration of AY25 dye at a pH of 2 and room temperature

Reunião conjunta da Liga Acadêmica de Medicina Interna e da Associação Amigos do HU: “O que você sabe sobre o infarto do miocárdio?”

Comunicação breve de atividade de extensão realizada pela Liga Acadêmica de Medicina Interna, em novembro de 2019, com educação à comunidade externa sobre sintomas de alerta e medidas de socorro iniciais para o infarto do miocárdio

Expert Programming Knowledge: a Schema-Based Approach

The topic of this chapter is the role of expert programming knowledge in the understanding activity. In the "schema-based approach", the role of semantic structures is emphasized whereas, in the "control-flow approach", the role of syntactic structures is emphasized. Data which support schema-based models of understanding are presented. Data which are more consistent with the "control-flow approach" allow to discuss the limits of the former kind of models

THE EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURES AND MOISTURE STRESS ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND RESPIRATION RATES OF GRAIN SORGHUM.

Abstract not availabl