95 research outputs found
Una perspectiva institucional sobre la relación micro-macro
The micro-macro link may be regarded as a dynamic process in which actors interpret local patterns of relations as indicators or elements of an overarching structure, communicate their interpretations, and adjust their relations to the overall structure as they perceive it. In this paper, it is proposed that actors perceive local substructures in a network of evaluations, such as dyads, triads, or short semicycles, and infer clustering and ranking in ways that are compatible with balance-theoretic models. They interpret and communicate the information as simplified and idealized classifications resembling blockmodels, to which they adjust their relations afterwards. In this way, the ego-centered and socio-centered perspectives are dynamically related. This approach is applied to evaluations among authors and critics in the literary institution. At the micro level, literary authors and critics adjust their evaluations to previous evaluations. At the global level, the institution of literature is stratified into clusters, e.g., literary movements and styles. The members of this institution reflect on its structure: classifications according to movement and style are communicated and discussed in literary criticism.La relación micro-macro puede ser comprendida como un proceso dinámico en el que los actores interpretan los modelos locales de relación en tanto que indicadores o elementos de una estructura de conjunto, comunican sus interpretaciones y ajustan sus relaciones hacia la estructura tal como la perciben globalmente. En este artículo, se propone que los actores perciben las subestructuras locales en una red de evaluaciones, como las díadas, tríadas o semiciclos cortos e infieren agrupamientos y jerarquías de forma que son compatibles con los modelos de la teoría del equilibrio. Es decir, interpretan y comunican la información como clasificaciones simplificadas e idealizadas parecidas a bloques (blockmodels2) respecto a los que ajustan sus relaciones a continuación. De este modo, las perspectivas ego-centradas y sociocentradas se relacionan de manera dinámica. Esta perspectiva es aplicada a evaluaciones entre autores y críticos en las instituciones literarias. En el nivel micro, los autores literarios y los críticos ajustan sus evaluaciones a las evaluaciones precedentes. En el nivel global, la institución literaria es estratificada en conglomerados, por ejemplo movimientos literarios y estilos. Los miembros de esta institución se reflejan en su estructura: clasificaciones de acuerdo con el movimiento y el estilo son comunicadas y discutidas en la crítica literaria
Animating the development of Social Networks over time using a dynamic extension of multidimensional scaling
The animation of network visualizations poses technical and theoretical
challenges. Rather stable patterns are required before the mental map enables a
user to make inferences over time. In order to enhance stability, we developed
an extension of stress-minimization with developments over time. This dynamic
layouter is no longer based on linear interpolation between independent static
visualizations, but change over time is used as a parameter in the
optimization. Because of our focus on structural change versus stability the
attention is shifted from the relational graph to the latent eigenvectors of
matrices. The approach is illustrated with animations for the journal citation
environments of Social Networks, the (co-)author networks in the carrying
community of this journal, and the topical development using relations among
its title words. Our results are also compared with animations based on
PajekToSVGAnim and SoNIA
The Dynamics of Triads in Aggregated Journal-Journal Citation Relations: Specialty Developments at the Above-Journal Level
Dyads of journals related by citations can agglomerate into specialties
through the mechanism of triadic closure. Using the Journal Citation Reports
2011, 2012, and 2013, we analyze triad formation as indicators of integration
(specialty growth) and disintegration (restructuring). The strongest
integration is found among the large journals that report on studies in
different scientific specialties, such as PLoS ONE, Nature Communications,
Nature, and Science. This tendency towards large-scale integration has not yet
stabilized. Using the Islands algorithm, we also distinguish 51 local maxima of
integration. We zoom into the cited articles that carry the integration for:
(i) a new development within high-energy physics and (ii) an emerging interface
between the journals Applied Mathematical Modeling and the International
Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. In the first case, integration is
brought about by a specific communication reaching across specialty boundaries,
whereas in the second, the dyad of journals indicates an emerging interface
between specialties. These results suggest that integration picks up
substantive developments at the specialty level. An advantage of the bottom-up
method is that no ex ante classification of journals is assumed in the dynamic
analysis.Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Informetric
Influencers in Multiplayer Online Shooters Evidence of Social Contagion in Playtime and Social Play
In a wide range of social networks, people’s behavior is influenced by social contagion: we do what our network does. Networks often feature particularly influential individuals, commonly called influencers. Existing work suggests that in-game social networks in online games are similar to real life social networks in many respects. However, we do not know whether there are in-game equivalents to influencers. We therefore applied standard social network features used to identify influencers to the online multiplayer shooter Tom Clancy’s The Division. Results show that network features defined influencers had indeed an outsized impact on playtime and social play of players joining their in-game network
Innovation as a Nonlinear Process, the Scientometric Perspective, and the Specification of an "Innovation Opportunities Explorer"
The process of innovation follows non-linear patterns across the domains of
science, technology, and the economy. Novel bibliometric mapping techniques can
be used to investigate and represent distinctive, but complementary
perspectives on the innovation process (e.g., "demand" and "supply") as well as
the interactions among these perspectives. The perspectives can be represented
as "continents" of data related to varying extents over time. For example, the
different branches of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in the Medline database
provide sources of such perspectives (e.g., "Diseases" versus "Drugs and
Chemicals"). The multiple-perspective approach enables us to reconstruct facets
of the dynamics of innovation, in terms of selection mechanisms shaping
localizable trajectories and/or resulting in more globalized regimes. By
expanding the data with patents and scholarly publications, we demonstrate the
use of this multi-perspective approach in the case of RNA Interference (RNAi).
The possibility to develop an "Innovation Opportunities Explorer" is specified.Comment: Technology Analysis and Strategic Management (forthcoming in 2013
An institutional perspective on the micro-macro link.
The micro-macro link may be regarded as a dynamic process in which actors interpret local patterns of relations as indicators or elements of an overarching structure, communicate their interpretations, and adjust their relations to the overall structure as they perceive it. In this paper, it is proposed that actors perceive local substructures in a network of evaluations, such as dyads, triads, or short semicycles, and infer clustering and ranking in ways that are compatible with balance-theoretic models. They interpret and communicate the information as simplified and idealized classifications resembling blockmodels, to which they adjust their relations afterwards. In this way, the ego-centered and socio-centered perspectives are dynamically related.This approach is applied to evaluations among authors and critics in the literary institution. At the micro level, literary authors and critics adjust their evaluations to previous evaluations. At the global level, the institution of literature is stratified into clusters, e.g., literary movements and styles. The members of this institution reflect on its structure: classifications according to movement and style are communicated and discussed in literary criticism
- …