Hospitalizações por pneumoconioses no Sudeste Brasileiro, entre 2011 e 2020 / Hospitalization for pneumoconiosis in Southeast Brazil, between 2011 and 2020

As pneumoconioses são um grupo de pneumopatias irreversíveis causadas pela inalação de partículas tóxicas em ambiente de trabalho. Essas moléstias podem cursar com insuficiência respiratória crônica, tuberculose, taxas expressivas de hospitalização, uso prolongado de medicações, além do afastamento obrigatório da ocupação. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em analisar as internações hospitalares por pneumoconioses na Região Sudeste, entre os anos de 2011 e 2020. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico a partir de dados secundários de domínio público vinculados ao Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS). Totalizaram-se 1.953 internações, das quais o menor número foi registrado em 2011 (n=123; 6,2%), enquanto o maior foi em 2019 (n=284; 14,5%). Notou-se correlação entre o avance do tempo e o aumento no número de atendimentos (p=0,014; r2=0,7406), o que aponta para tendências futuras de novas hospitalizações. Houve destaque para o caráter de urgência (n=1.798; 92,1%); estados de São Paulo (n=708; 36,3%) e Minas Gerais (n=704; 36,0%); sexo masculino (n=1.260; 64,5%); e faixas etárias 50 a 59 anos (n=383; 19,6%) e 60 a 69 anos (n=379; 19,4%). Além disso, 242 casos evoluíram para óbito (letalidade hospitalar de 12,4%). O perfil de distribuição de óbitos concentrou-se no Rio de Janeiro (n=84; 34,7%) e São Paulo (n=81; 33,5%); homens (n=153; 63,2%); e idade 80 anos ou mais (n=65; 26,9%). Observaram-se 3 vezes mais chances de óbitos em  pessoas com idade 80 anos ou mais (95%IC=2,2-4,2; p<0,0001); além de 2 vezes mais chances de óbito entre casos residentes no Rio de Janeiro (95%IC=1,6-2,8; p<0,0001). Em contrapartida, houve menores chances de falecimento entre internados com faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos (OR=0,2; 95%IC=0,07-0,7; p=0,0033) e provenientes de Minas Gerais (OR=0,6; 95%IC=0,4-0,8; p=0,0015). No que concerne aos gastos, totalizaram-se R$2.688.871,22. Portanto, com a finalidade de reduzir internações, óbitos e custos é imperativa a implementação de intervenções. Ações de educação em saúde direcionadas à prevenção de agravos e ao esclarecimento da importância do uso de equipamentos de proteção individual são essenciais. Indica-se ainda a maior fiscalização das empresas; e a detecção e conduta precoces para melhor prognóstico do paciente por meio da realização anual de radiografias de tórax e bienal de testes de função pulmonar.

MENOPAUSA E CÂNCER DE MAMA: RISCOS E PREVENÇÃO

The menopause is a natural period in women's lives, marked by the cessation of menstruation and significant hormonal changes. However, this stage is also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for breast cancer during the menopause and propose effective prevention measures. To achieve this objective, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, including epidemiological studies, clinical trials and recent reviews. Data related to age at menopause, hormone therapy, family history and lifestyle habits were analyzed. In addition, prevention strategies were identified, such as weight control, regular physical activity, healthy eating and mammography screening. The menopause is a critical period for women's health, with increased risks of breast cancer due to hormonal changes. However, awareness and the adoption of preventive measures can significantly reduce this risk. Weight control, physical activity and a balanced diet play essential roles in prevention. In addition, regular mammographic screening in women in the appropriate age group is essential for the early detection of breast cancer.A menopausa é um período natural na vida das mulheres, marcado pela cessação da menstruação e mudanças hormonais significativas. No entanto, esse estágio também está associado a um aumento do risco de câncer de mama. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os fatores de risco do câncer de mama durante a menopausa e propor medidas de prevenção eficazes. Para alcançar esse objetivo, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, incluindo estudos epidemiológicos, ensaios clínicos e revisões recentes. Foram analisados dados relacionados à idade da menopausa, terapia hormonal, histórico familiar e hábitos de vida. Além disso, foram identificadas estratégias de prevenção, como o controle de peso, atividade física regular, alimentação saudável e rastreamento mamográfico. A menopausa é um período crítico para a saúde da mulher, com riscos aumentados de câncer de mama devido às mudanças hormonais. No entanto, a conscientização e a adoção de medidas preventivas podem reduzir significativamente esse risco. O controle do peso, a prática de atividades físicas e uma dieta equilibrada desempenham papéis essenciais na prevenção. Além disso, o rastreamento mamográfico regular em mulheres na faixa etária apropriada é fundamental para a detecção precoce do câncer de mama

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost