Aplicação do sistema formiga para gerência do sequenciamento de taxiamento em aeroportos

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Ciência da Computação, 2013.Na última década, o fluxo de aeronaves nos aeroportos experimentou um aumento nunca antes visto. Vários estudos e melhorias têm sido feitos no gerenciamento do tráfego aéreo no sentido de aumentar a capacidade do tráfego de aeronaves em rota, e pouco tem sido feito no âmbito da otimização de movimentações em solo. O taxiamento de aeronaves é um processo dispendioso, responsável por causar atrasos e problemas tanto para passageiros, quanto para companhias aéreas. Além disso, por depender principalmente da visibilidade do controlador, pode se tornar perigoso em dias de pouca visibilidade. Este trabalho apresenta uma solução para sequenciamento do táxi de aeronaves utilizando o algoritmo da colônia de formigas, um método de busca e otimização inspirado no comportamento real de formigas na natureza. As simulações apresentadas foram baseadas em dados reais do Aeroporto Internacional de Brasília, como mapa do aeroporto e planos de voos. Contudo, poderá ser utilizado qualquer aeroporto para cálculos de melhores rotas de taxiamento, sendo necessário somente alterar os arquivos de entrada, que indicam a estrutura aeroportuária e os horários dos voos. O modelo apresentado se mostrou e ciente quanto à otimização do tempo de táxi e ao cumprimento das restrições de segurança. __________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTOver the last decade, the flow of aircraft at airports experienced an increase never seen before. Whereas several improvements have been achieved in enlarging the en-route traffic capacity, little has been done in order to decrease congestion on the airport surface. Taxiing is an expensive process, responsible for causing delays and problems both for passengers and for airlines. Furthermore, because it relies mainly on the air traffic controller's visibility, it may turn into a dangerous process in the days with low visibility. This paper presents an optimization solution for aircraft taxi-scheduling problem using ant colony, a method for search and optimization inspired by the behavior of real ants in nature. The simulations presented were based on real data from Brasilia International Airport. However, any airport can be used for optimal routes searching, being only necessary to change the input les, which indicate the airport structure and flight schedules. The presented model has shown to be efficient in achieving minimization of aircraft taxi time and complies with security constraints at airports

Anais do V Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação: Educação midiática e políticas públicas

A presente coletânea, que chega ao público através de um suporte digital, tem como objetivo disponibilizar os papers, bem como os relatos de experiências educomunicativas apresentados durante o V ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO DE EDUCOMUNICAÇÃO, que teve como tema central: “Educação Midiática e Políticas Públicas”. O evento foi realizado em São Paulo, entre 19 e 21 de setembro de 2013, a partir de uma parceria entre o NCE/USP - Núcleo de Comunicação e Educação da USP, a Licenciatura em Educomunicação da ECA/USP, a ABPEducom – Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores e Profissionais da Educomunicação e a FAPCOM – Faculdade Paulus de Tecnologia e Comunicação, que ofereceu seu campus, na Vila Mariana, para os atos do evento. Os presentes anais disponibilizam o texto de abertura, de autoria do coordenador geral do evento, denominado “Educação midiática e políticas públicas: vertentes históricas da emergência da Educomunicação na América Latina”. Na sequência, apresentam 61 papers sobre aspectos específicos da temática geral, resultantes de pesquisas na área, seguidos de 27 relatos de práticas educomunicativas, em nível nacional

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Alveólise decorrente de traumatismo dentário: relato de caso

The alveolysis is a pathological condition classified as partial or total dehiscence (the root exposure is partial or total and involves the marginal bone) and apical fenestration (the root exposure doesn’t involve the marginal bone). Usually occurs by vestibular and in the anterior region of the maxilla. It’s commonly associated with chronic infections provoked by dental caries and dental trauma. This study aims to report a clinical alveolysis case in a previous traumatized deciduous tooth of a 4 years old child. Clinical examination noticed aveolysis apical fenestration type associated to partial dehiscence (tooth 51) and presence of mobility. In the radiographic examination it was found thickening of the pericementary space and external root resorption. The indicated treatment was extraction of the affected tooth and the use of maintainer of space. Based on the reported case, it is concluded that early care and the control of traumatized and decayed teeth are essential for the prevention of alveolysis.A alveólise é uma condição patológica classificada em deiscência parcial ou total (a exposição radicular é parcial ou total, e envolvendo o osso marginal) e fenestração apical (a exposição radicular não envolve o osso marginal). Geralmente ocorre por vestibular e na região anterior da maxila. Está comumente associada a infecções crônicas decorrentes de cárie e traumatismo dentário. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso clínico de alveólise em dente decíduo anterior traumatizado de uma criança de 4 anos de idade. Ao exame clínico constatou-se alveólise do tipo fenestração apical associada à deiscência parcial (dente 51) e presença de mobilidade. Ao exame radiográfico foi observado espessamento do espaço pericementário e reabsorção radicular externa. O tratamento indicado foi a exodontia do dente afetado e o uso de mantenedor de espaço. Com base no caso relatado, conclui-se que a atenção precoce e o controle de dentes traumatizados e cariados são essenciais para a prevenção da alveólise

COLAGEM DE FRAGMENTO EM DENTE PERMANENTE TRAUMATIZADO: RELATO DE CASO FRAGMENT REATTACHMENT ON TRAUMATIZED PERMANENT TOOTH: CASE REPORT

 Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de reabilitação minimamente invasiva em paciente com traumatismo em dentição permanente. Descrição do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, melanoderma, 9 anos de idade, sofreu uma queda durante atividade escolar, ocasionando a fratura coronária dos incisivos centrais superiores permanentes. O fragmento do dente 11 foi armazenado em soro fisiológico. O tratamento instituído para este dente foi a reabilitação da forma da coroa dentária a partir da técnica de colagem do fragmento dental, uma vez que este se mostrou íntegro e com boa adaptação ao remanescente coronário. O dente 21 recebeu procedimento restaurador convencional. Conclusão: A técnica executada se mostrou viável, de fácil execução, baixo custo e apresentou resultados satisfatórios, devolvendo estética e funcionalidade dental, além da autoestima ao paciente. O acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico realizado até o momento mostra que o dente não apresenta nenhuma alteração cromática, pulpar e periapical.Purpose: Report a clinical case of minimally invasive rehabilitation in a patient with permanent tooth trauma. Case description: Female patient, melanoderma, 9 years old, suffered a fall during school activity, causing the coronary fracture of the permanent maxillary central incisors. The fragment of the tooth 11 was storage in physiological saline. The treatment instituted for that tooth was the rehabilitation of the shape of the dental crown using the reattachment technique of dental fragment, since it proved to be intact and with good adaptation to the remaining coronary. Tooth 21 received a conventional restorative procedure. Conclusions: The technique performed proved to be viable, easy to perform, low cost and presented satisfactory results, restoring the aesthetics and dental functionality, in addition to the patient's self-esteem. The clinical and radiographic monitoring carried out so far shows that the tooth does not present any chromatic, pulp and periapical changes

STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME: HYPERSENSITIVITY TO DRUG INTERACTION - A SCOPING REVIEW

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, lasting approximately two to four weeks. It is a rare disease, with an incidence of 1 to 6 cases per million inhabitants. Despite the low prevalence, it manifests itself as a result of drug interactions resulting from practices that are not so rare as polypharmacy and the use of medications without a professional prescription. The methodology of the present study is based on Scoping Review of virtual search platforms. It is expected, at the end of the work, to have an updated compilation of information, in order to contribute to the dissemination of the state of the art on the subject, since the occurrence of SSJ is directly associated with the knowledge that the community has about it

Ultrasound call detection in capybara

The vocal repertoire of some animal species has been considered a non-invasive tool to predict distress reactivity. In rats ultrasound emissions were reported as distress indicator. Capybaras[ vocal repertoire was reported recently and seems to have ultrasound calls, but this has not yet been confirmed. Thus, in order to check if a poor state of welfare was linked to ultrasound calls in the capybara vocal repertoire, the aim of this study was to track the presence of ultrasound emissions in 11 animals under three conditions: 1) unrestrained; 2) intermediately restrained, and 3) highly restrained. The ultrasound track identified frequencies in the range of 31.8±3.5 kHz in adults and 33.2±8.5 kHz in juveniles. These ultrasound frequencies occurred only when animals were highly restrained, physically restrained or injured during handling. We concluded that these calls with ultrasound components are related to pain and restraint because they did not occur when animals were free of restraint. Thus we suggest that this vocalization may be used as an additional tool to assess capybaras[ welfare

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq