Green core clinopyroxenes from Martin Vaz Archipelago Plio-Pleistocenic alkaline rocks, South Atlantic Ocean, Brazil: a magma mixing and polybaric crystallization record

Martin Vaz Archipelago is located at the parallel 20°S, 1200 km away from the Brazilian coastline and is composed of Plio-Pleistocenic alkaline rocks that represent the last volcanic event of the Vitória-Trindade Ridge. The Archipelago is divided into three main units: Pico das Gaivotas Unit (i) is made up of nosean-phonolite and phono-tephrite domes and tephri-phonolite dykes with clinopyroxene, nosean and potassic feldspar phenocrysts, and scarce kaersutite anhedral phenocrysts; the Bandeira Unit (ii), in turn, comprises melanephelinitic and basanitic lava flows with olivine and clinopyroxene (diopside) phenocrysts; and lastly, the Basal Unit (iii) is composed of pyroclastic deposits with tuffs, lapilli-tuffs and lapillite. The clinopyroxene phenocrysts from Pico das Gaivotas and Bandeira Units have anhedral green cores with sieved and poikilitic textures and show reaction rims composed of opaque minerals, indicating disequilibrium and compositional changes in the liquid. This study provides mineral chemistry data indicating that clinopyroxene rims are more primitive (Mg# 57.46–84.12) and enriched in Al–Ti–Fe3+-Ca compared to the Fe-rich green-cores, probably related with a more primitive Ca-rich magma input in the magmatic chamber after the green-core crystallization from a different liquid. Olivine crystals from Bandeira Unit show resorption features and no compositional affinity with the analyzed liquid, indicating that these crystals have a xenocrystic origin from mantle peridotitic source. Clinopyroxene geothermobarometry data suggest different pressure and temperature conditions for cores and rims during crystallization, reflecting a polybaric evolutionary history. Pico das Gaivotas Unit clinopyroxene phenocrysts suggest a particularly higher-pressure environment, and a complex evolutionary history.publishe

Geology, Petrology and Magmatic Evolution of the Felsic Alkaline Rocks of the Vitória Island, São Paulo State, Brazil

This paper presents geological, petrographic, geochemical characteristics and radiometric ages for the felsic alkaline rocks of the Vitória Island Intrusive Complex, São Paulo State, Brazil, and discusses its geochemical evolutionary processes. This intrusive body is about 3 km in diameter and the emerged island areas correspond to its northeastern border. The main intrusion is constituted by nepheline syenite at the central zone, nepheline-bearing syenite at the outer zone, syenite at the border, and quartz syenite at the contact zone with alkali feldspar represented by orthoclase. Clinopyroxene vary from hedenbergite, soda-augite to aegirine-augite, and some crystals have resorption shape and amphibole reaction rim. They are intruded by phonolite, trachyte and lamprophyre dykes. Based on the intrusion relation, the dykes are subdivided into two generations: the first one encompass a radial system and the second a parallel system with NE-SW orientation and sinistral displacement. The alkaline rocks vary from silica undersaturated to oversaturated, show peralkaline to peraluminous compositions and belong to the potassic series. The K-Ar ages for amphibole of the nepheline-bearing syenite and syenite are 89.58 ± 3.18 Ma and 84.35 ± 3.92 Ma, respectively. The rocks are strongly fractionated with high differentiation index (DI) of 88.15 in average, indicating mafic minerals fractionation. K2O/ (K2O+Na2O) ratios are low, in average 0.51, in accordance to crystallization of pseudo leucite and potassic feldspar the last observed in thin sections

Lathosterol oxidase (sterol C-5 desaturase) deletion confers resistance to amphotericin B and sensitivity to acidic stress in Leishmania major

Lathosterol oxidase (LSO) catalyzes the formation of the C-5-C-6 double bond in the synthesis of various types of sterols in mammals, fungi, plants, and protozoa. I

Effects of Igneous Intrusion on the Organic Content of Irati Formation, Paraná Basin, in Sapopema (PR)

The thermal effects of an igneous intrusion on organic-rich sedimentary rocks can be considering an important source of maturation of organic matter. The Permian Irati Formation of Paraná Basin (Brazil) is a carbonatic and organic-rich shale sequence intruded by Jurassic-Cretaceous basic rocks. This study reports possible effects of igneous intrusion on the organic matter content of Irati Formation, in Sapopema region (Paraná State). Total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (S) and insoluble residue (IR) data were combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The relatively low TOC values recorded in well where Irati Formation is in contact with 60 m of diabase sill (SP-58-PR) are residuals, associated with the depletion of organic carbon, caused by the thermal effect from the overlying intrusive rock. It was responsible to promote the cracking of the organic matter and reduced those values in relation to the original ones, observed in SP-32-PR (without thermal influence). When comparing the TOC peaks of the Assisting Member in both wells, it was observed that there was a decrease between 80.7 and 84% in the SP-58-PR. SEM images reveal that organic matter in Taquaral Member is sub-rounded and regular shape, while the organic matter in Assistência Member presents a characteristic pattern of thermally evolved organic matter

Physiological demands and changes resulting from effort in low handicap polo horses

In order to understand the physiological demands and possible changes resulting from effort in horses and determine the type and intensity of exercise performed in equestrian polo of low handicap, we analyzed the negative logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ions (pH), carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2), oxygen partial pressure (pO2), the concentration of plasma bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and serum concentrations of Na+, Cl- and K+ of seven healthy horses after a polo match of low handicap. Variables pCO2, pO2 and HCO3- were the only parameters that were significantly different before and after the match, and there were no significant hydroelectrolytic changes. It was possible to classify the low handicap polo as an exercise of short duration and varying intensity, considering the lack of change in the hydroelectrolytic balance. The exercise to which the animals were subjected is compatible with their athletic fitness

Avaliação do armazenamento de leite e derivados lácteos realizado pelos consumidores / Consumer assessment of milk and milk products storage

O leite encontra-se entre os seis primeiros produtos que mais se destacam no ramo com consumo médio no país em torno de 455ml/dia, contribuindo para a diminuição do risco de obesidade na infância e osteoporose em adultos. Contudo, seu armazenamento incorreto pode causar intoxicação alimentar e problemas gastrointestinais. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar como é realizado o armazenamento de leite e derivados lácteos pelos consumidores após a aquisição desses produtos. Obteve-se 107 entrevistas aplicadas através da Plataforma Google Forms do dia 23 a 26 de maio de 2021. O questionário foi divulgado por link via redes sociais e os resultados demonstrados por análises percentuais

Análise da tendência de indicadores epidemiológicos da Covid-19 em uma microrregião de saúde de Minas Gerais

It is known that the impact of Covid-19 is different between large centers and inland regions that have large rural areas, difficulty accessing services and more vulnerable populations. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the epidemiological trend of Covid-19, as well as to estimate the incidence, lethality and mortality rates of Covid-19 in the city of Viçosa/MG and its microregion from March 2020 to January 2022. For this, a time series, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study was built from secondary data of the Panel of monitoring of cases of Covid-19 of Minas Gerais, referring to the number of confirmed cases, of deaths, hospitalizations and recovery. The data was organized in Microsoft Excel and processed in Stata software. Using linear regression models and descriptive analysis, it was found that there was an increase in the number of confirmed cases and cases recovered for the complete period analyzed. In 2021, there was a reduction in the number of confirmations and recoveries. Although the city of Viçosa/MG had the highest incidence, the highest lethality and mortality rates were found in smaller cities belonging to its health microregion.Sabe-se que o impacto da Covid-19 é diferente entre os grandes centros e as regiões interioranas que apresentam grandes áreas rurais, dificuldade de acesso a serviços e populações mais vulneráveis. Diante disso, o estudo objetivou analisar a tendência epidemiológica da Covid-19, assim como estimar as taxas de incidência, letalidade e mortalidade da Covid-19 no município de Viçosa/MG e microrregião no período de março de 2020 a janeiro de 2022. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de série temporal, quantitativo, de caráter exploratório e descritivo construído a partir de dados secundários do Painel de monitoramento dos casos de Covid-19 de Minas Gerais, referente ao número de casos confirmados, de óbitos, de internações e de recuperação. Os dados foram organizados no Microsoft Excel e processados no software Stata. Utilizando modelos de regressão linear e análises descritivas, constatou-se que houve aumento do número de casos confirmados e casos recuperados para o período completo analisado. Já para 2021, evidenciou-se redução no número de confirmações e recuperações. Apesar do município de Viçosa/MG ter a maior incidência, as maiores taxas de letalidade e mortalidade foram encontradas em cidades menores pertencentes à sua microrregião de saúde

O impacto do ultrassom point-of-care transtorácico no tempo de pausa entre as compressões torácicas durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Objective: To value the impact of transthoracic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) on pause time between chest compressions during CPR. Methods: Systematic literature review in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde databases. The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was the difference in pause time between chest compressions in CPR with and without transthoracic POCUS. The secondary outcome was the return of spontaneous circulation of the manual verification and transthoracic POCUS groups. We used software R version 4.1.3 to perform all statistical analyses. Results: The search in the databases resulted in 6177 publications. However, only five met all inclusion criteria. Most of the studies were prospective cohorts. The mean age ranged from 56.5 to 66 years, and males were predominant in all studies. All showed longer pauses in the POCUS group. There was a statistical association between the use of POCUS and longer pauses between chest compressions with an MD of 3.88 (95% CI 2.76; 5.01; p-value < 0.0001). The additional exclusion of any of the five studies did not change the result, i.e., DM between the two groups continued to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The combined analysis of the data suggests that using the POCUS increases the pause time between chest compressions by an average of 3.88 seconds. However, further studies evaluating the impact on return to spontaneous circulation and mortality are necessary.Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do ultrassom point-of-care (POCUS) transtorácico no tempo de pausa entre as compressões torácicas durante a reanimação cardiopulmonar. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Scopus e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. O desfecho primário da metanálise foi a diferença no tempo de pausa entre as compressões torácicas. O desfecho secundário foi o retorno da circulação espontânea dos grupos de verificação manual e POCUS transtorácicos. O software R versão 4.1.3 foi utilizado para realizar todas as análises estatísticas. A diferença no tempo de pausa foi expressa por meio da diferença de média (MD) com intervalo de confiança de 95% e o retorno à circulação espontânea por meio do risco relativo. O p-valor foi considerado estatisticamente significativo quando < 0,05. Resultados: A pesquisa nas bases de dados resultou em 6177 publicações, no entanto, apenas cinco foram incluídas. Houve uma associação estatística entre o uso de POCUS e pausas mais longas entre compressões torácicas com uma MD de 3,88 (95% CI 2,76; 5,01; p-valor < 0,0001). A exclusão adicional de qualquer um dos cinco estudos não alterou o resultado, ou seja, o DM entre os dois grupos continuou a ser estatisticamente significativo. Conclusão: A análise combinada dos dados sugere que a utilização do POCUS aumenta o tempo de pausa entre as compressões torácicas numa média de 3,88 segundos. Contudo, são necessários estudos randomizados controlados que avaliem o impacto no retorno à circulação espontânea

Characterization of Dengue Virus Type 2: New Insights on the 2010 Brazilian Epidemic

Dengue viruses (DENV) serotypes 1, 2, and 3 have been causing yearly outbreaks in Brazil. In this study, we report the re-introduction of DENV2 in the coast of São Paulo State. Partial envelope viral genes were sequenced from eighteen patients with dengue fever during the 2010 epidemic. Phylogenetic analysis showed this strain belongs to the American/Asian genotype and was closely related to the virus that circulated in Rio de Janeiro in 2007 and 2008. The phylogeny also showed no clustering by clinical presentation, suggesting that the disease severity could not be explained by distinct variants or genotypes. The time of the most recent common ancestor of American/Asian genotype and the São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (SP/RJ) monophyletic cluster was estimated to be around 40 and 10 years, respectively. Since this virus was first identified in Brazil in 2007, we suggest that it was already circulating in the country before causing the first documented outbreak. This is the first description of the 2010 outbreak in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and should contribute to efforts to control and monitor the spread of DENVs in endemic areas

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DAS VÍTIMAS DE VIOLÊNCIA INTERPESSOAL/AUTOPROVOCADA NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ ENTRE 2012 E 2022

Introduction: Interpersonal Violence is all violence committed against intimate partners or family members, at home or in another environment and Self-Inflicted Violence comprises actions carried out by an individual against themselves such as suicidal ideation, self-harm and suicide. The most recurrent type of violence in a society reflects the behavioral patterns and customs experienced by individuals. Therefore, knowing the origin of problems helps to minimize their impacts. Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of victims of interpersonal/self-inflicted violence in the state of Piauí, in the period between 2012 and 2022, registered in DATASUS. Methodology: This is a quantitative-qualitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study, which aimed to analyze the epidemiological data on notification of victims of interpersonal/self-inflicted violence in the state of Piauí from 2012 to 2022. Data collection was carried out using DATASUS and the results were subsequently statistically analyzed and interpreted. Results and Discussion: In the period from 2012 to 2022 in the state of Piauí, 36,645 victims of interpersonal/self-inflicted violence were registered, with a higher rate in female patients, with 26,234 cases. The most prevalent age group was 20 to 29 years old with 7,345 cases (20.04%), followed by the 15 to 19-year-old age group with 5,641 cases (15.39%). Children under 1 year of age had a lower prevalence with 1,089 cases (2.97%). The year 2022 recorded 4,836 (13.19%). Conclusion: Thus, the epidemiological profile of victims of interpersonal/self-limited violence in the state of Piauí in the period between 2012 and 2022 has a predominance of female victims in patients of all age groups, a higher prevalence between the ages of 20 and 29, followed by the range of 15 to 19 years and lower prevalence among children under 1 year old and higher in the year 2022. Therefore, measures are necessary to contain this problem that involves victims of violence.Introducción: La Violencia Interpersonal es toda violencia cometida contra la pareja íntima o miembros de la familia, en el hogar o en otro ambiente y la Violencia Autoinfligida comprende acciones llevadas a cabo por un individuo contra sí mismo como la ideación suicida, la autolesión y el suicidio. El tipo de violencia más recurrente en una sociedad refleja los patrones de comportamiento y costumbres que experimentan los individuos. Por tanto, conocer el origen de los problemas ayuda a minimizar sus impactos. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil epidemiológico de las víctimas de violencia interpersonal/autoinfligida en el estado de Piauí, en el período comprendido entre 2012 y 2022, registradas en DATASUS. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo-cualitativo, transversal y descriptivo, que tuvo como objetivo analizar los datos epidemiológicos sobre notificación de víctimas de violencia interpersonal/autoinfligida en el estado de Piauí en el período de 2012 a 2022. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante DATASUS y los resultados fueron posteriormente analizados e interpretados estadísticamente. Resultados y Discusión: En el período de 2012 a 2022 en el estado de Piauí se registraron 36.645 víctimas de violencia interpersonal/autoinfligida, con mayor tasa en pacientes del sexo femenino, con 26.234 casos. El grupo etario de mayor prevalencia fue el de 20 a 29 años con 7.345 casos (20,04%), seguido del de 15 a 19 años con 5.641 casos (15,39%). Los menores de 1 año tuvieron una menor prevalencia con 1.089 casos (2,97%). El año 2022 registró 4.836 (13,19%). Conclusión: Así, el perfil epidemiológico de las víctimas de violencia interpersonal/autolimitada en el estado de Piauí en el período comprendido entre 2012 y 2022 tiene predominio de víctimas femeninas en pacientes de todos los grupos etarios. , una mayor prevalencia entre los 20 y 29 años, seguido del rango de 15 a 19 años y menor prevalencia entre los menores de 1 año y mayor en el año 2022. Por lo tanto, son necesarias medidas para contener este problema que involucra a las víctimas de violencia.Introdução: Violência Interpessoal é toda violência cometida contra os parceiros íntimos ou membros da família, em casa ou outro ambiente e a Autoprovocada compreende as ações praticadas por um indivíduo contra si mesmo como ideação suicida, autoagressões e suicídios. O tipo de violência mais recorrente em uma sociedade reflete os padrões de comportamento e os costumes vivenciados pelos indivíduos. Assim, conhecer a origem dos problemas contribui para minimizar os seus impactos. Objetivo: Determinar o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas de violência interpessoal/autoprovocada no estado do Piauí, no período entre 2012 a 2022, registrados no DATASUS. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quanti-qualitativo, de caráter transversal e descritivo, que teve como objetivo analisar os dados epidemiológicos de notificação de vítimas de violência interpessoal/autoprovocada no estado do Piauí no período de 2012 a 2022. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do DATASUS e os resultados foram, posteriormente, analisados estatisticamente e interpretados. Resultados e Discussão: No período de 2012 a 2022 no estado do Piauí, foram registradas 36.645 vítimas de violência interpessoal/autoprovocada, com maior índice em pacientes do sexo feminino, com 26.234 casos. A faixa etária de maior prevalência foi a de 20 a 29 anos com 7.345 casos (20.04%), seguida pela faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos com 5.641 casos (15.39%). Menores de 1 ano tiveram menor prevalência com 1.089 casos (2,97%). O ano de 2022 registrou 4.836 (13,19%.) Conclusão: Dessa forma, o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas de violência interpessoal/autolimitada no estado do Piauí no período entre 2012 e 2022 tem predomínio de vítimas do sexo feminino em pacientes de todas as faixas etárias, uma maior prevalência entre as idades de 20 a 29, seguido pelo intervalo de 15 a 19 anos e menor prevalência entre menores de 1 ano e maior no ano de 2022. Assim, medidas são necessárias para conter essa problemática que envolve as vítimas de violência