Evolution of the tilapia fishery with specific reference to the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linne)

As a fishery, the immensely large (c. 68,800 km2 ) Lake Victoria is a unique ecosystem which together with a riverine connection to the Lake Kyoga basin share a common endemic "Victorian" fish fauna (Greenwood 1966). Until the 1950s, the single socio economically most important species of fish in these two lakes was the native Oreochromis esculentus Graham (Graham 1929) even though the lake also contained a second native tilapiine, 0reochromis variabilis , and over 300 other fish species (Beauchamp, 1956)

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERMITTENT DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANT COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES IN UGANDA

Common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties that are high yielding and drought-tolerant are crucial in coping with the effects of drought, that is prevalent among small scale producers living in Uganda. The objective of this study was to assess the level of drought tolerance in bean genotypes to be used for the initial development of drought-tolerant genotypes in Uganda. Three local genotypes and five exotic drought-tolerant lines were phenotyped under well-watered and drought-stress conditions. Drought tolerant genotypes were selected basing on high value for the geometric mean for seed yield and low drought susceptibility indices. The exotic lines, SEN 98, SCR48 and SEN 99, emerged superior in these attributes, and in pod partitioning index (PPI) and pod harvest index (PHI). Thus, these genotypes could be useful sources of genes for drought tolerance in the bean breeding programme in Uganda. The local genotype, NABE 15 was similar to the three promising materials for PPI and PHI. Pods per plant and seed weight were the yield components most affected by drought, with reductions of 82 and 78 %, respectively, for SEN 98.Les vari\ue9t\ue9s \ue0 haut rendement du haricot commun ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) qui sont tol\ue9rant \ue0 la s\ue9cheresse sont tr\ue8s importantes pour faire face aux effets n\ue9fastes de la s\ue9cheresse, auxquels sont confront\ue9s les petits producteurs en Ouganda. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9valuer le niveau de tol\ue9rance des \ue9cotypes de haricot commun pouvant \ueatre utilis\ue9es pour un d\ue9but de cr\ue9ation de vari\ue9t\ue9s tol\ue9rante \ue0 la s\ue9cheresse en Ouganda. Trois \ue9cotypes locaux et cinq venus d\u2019ailleurs ont \ue9t\ue9 \ue9valu\ue9s sous diff\ue9rentes conditions de disponibilit\ue9 en eau\ua0; bien arros\ue9 et non arros\ue9. Des \ue9cotypes tol\ue9rants \ue0 la s\ue9cheresse ont \ue9t\ue9 s\ue9lectionn\ue9s sur la base de leur rendement en grains en consid\ue9rant leur moyenne g\ue9om\ue9trique et de leur faible indice de susceptibilit\ue9 \ue0 la s\ue9cheresse. Les \ue9cotypes venus d\u2019ailleurs\ua0tels que SEN 98, SCR48 et SEN 99 sont les meilleurs de cette s\ue9lection, ils pr\ue9sentent \ue9galement les indices de partionnement (PPI) et de r\ue9colte (PHI) les plus \ue9lev\ue9s. Ainsi, ces \ue9cotypes pourraient \ueatre utilis\ue9s comme sources g\ue9n\ue9tiques de tol\ue9rance \ue0 la s\ue9cheresse dans les programmes d\u2019am\ue9lioration v\ue9g\ue9tale en Ouganda. Pour ce qui concerne les PPI et PHI, l\u2019\ue9cotype local NABE 15 avait les m\ueames performances que les trois \ue9cotypes performants venus d\u2019ailleurs, Mais le nombre de graine par gousse et le poids des graines sont tr\ue8s affect\ue9s par la s\ue9cheresse, avec une baisse de 82 et de 78% respectivement par rapport \ue0 l\u2019\ue9cotype SEN 98

AGRONOMIC QUALITIES OF GENETIC PYRAMIDS OF COMMON BEAN DEVELOPED FOR MULTIPLE-DISEASE-RESISTANCE

Multiple co-infections by different pathogens on common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) affect its productivity and cause complete crop loss in susceptible varieties. Therefore, gene pyramiding using marker assisted selection (MAS) and backcrossing, provide alternative cost-effective control measures to bean diseases. However, in the process of developing pyramids, linkage drags were likely to affect the qualities of progeny lines, hence, special attention was paid to this situation. The objective of this study was thus to assess the agronomic qualities of advanced genetic pyramids developed from a four-way cross for multiple disease resistance. The disease resistance genes (R) pyramided from four parents were: Co42 and Co-5 from G2333; Phg-2 from MEX54; Pythium ultimum Dennis from MLB49-89A and I & bc3 from MCM5001. The progeny lines were planted in an incomplete block design, and replicated thrice for two seasons (2015A and 2015B) in fields at CIAT, Kawanda in Uganda. Agronomic traits were highly heritable (0.6), except number of pods per plant (< 0.3). Backcrossing generated high-yielding bean lines, with 270 - 290 seed per plant and early maturity (95-100 days). Nine superior lines with desirable qualities, such as earliness (95 days), high seed rate (290 seeds per plant), and climbing ability, were obtained. Pyramiding R genes did not affect yield traits, except time to flowering and number of flower buds per plant due to transgressive segregation.Les co-infections multiples par de diff\ue9rents pathog\ue8nes sur le haricot commun ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) affectent sa productivit\ue9 et causent la perte totale des vari\ue9t\ue9s susceptibles de la culture. Par cons\ue9quent, la pyramide des g\ue8nes en utilisant la s\ue9lection assist\ue9e par des marqueurs (MAS) et le r\ue9trocroisement, fournissent des mesures alternatives de contr\uf4le moins ch\ue8res des maladies du haricot. N\ue9anmoins, dans le processus du d\ue9veloppement des pyramides, les poids des liaisons affectent probablement les qualit\ue9s des lign\ue9es de prog\ue9nitures, de ce fait, une attention particuli\ue8re \ue9tait port\ue9e \ue0 cette situation. L\u2019objectif de cette \ue9tude \ue9tait d\u2019\ue9valuer les qualit\ue9s agronomiques des pyramides g\ue9n\ue9tiques avanc\ue9es d\ue9velopp\ue9es d\u2019un croisement de quatre parents pour la r\ue9sistance aux maladies multiples. Les g\ue8nes pyramid\ue9s de r\ue9sistance (R) \ue0 la maladie de quatre parents \ue9taient\ua0: Co42 et Co-5 de G2333; Phg-2 de MEX54; Pythium ultimum Dennis de MLB49-89A et I & bc3 de MCM5001. Les lign\ue9es de prog\ue9nitures \ue9taient plant\ue9es en arrangement de block incomplet et r\ue9pliqu\ue9 trois fois pendant deux saisons (2015A et 2015B) dans les champs \ue0 CIAT, Kawanda en Ouganda. Les traits agronomiques \ue9taient hautement h\ue9ritables (0,6), \ue0 l\u2019exception du nombre de gousses par plant (<0.3). Le r\ue9trocroisement a g\ue9n\ue9r\ue9 des lign\ue9es d\u2019haricot \ue0 haut rendement, avec 270-290 graines par plant et \ue0 maturit\ue9 pr\ue9coce (95-100 jours). Neuf lign\ue9es sup\ue9rieures avec des qualit\ue9s d\ue9sirables, telles que la pr\ue9cocit\ue9 (95 jours), taux de graines \ue9lev\ue9s (290 graines par plant) et l\u2019habilit\ue9 grimpante, \ue9taient obtenues. La pyramide des g\ue8nes R n\u2019avait pas affect\ue9 les traits li\ue9s au rendement, \ue0 l\u2019exception de la p\ue9riode de floraison et le nombre de bougeons de fleurs par plant d\ufb \ue0 la s\ue9gr\ue9gation transgressive

Mapping the medical outcomes study HIV health survey (MOS-HIV) to the EuroQoL 5 Dimension (EQ-5D-3L) utility index

10.1186/s12955-019-1135-8Health and Quality of Life Outcomes1718